The descendant of men learned in rabbinic lore, Abba Mari devoted himself to the study of theology and philosophy, and made himself acquainted with the writings of Moses Maimonides and Nachmanides as well as with the Talmud.

By the 12th century, the Mishneh Torah ( i. e., Rabbi Moses Maimonides ) was criticizing Christianity on the grounds of idol worship, in that Christians attributed divinity to Jesus who had a physical body.

* Abraham ben Moses Maimonides

Mosheh ben Maimon ( משה בן מימון )‎, called Moses Maimonides and also known as Mūsā ibn Maymūn (), or RaMBaM ( רמב " ם – Hebrew acronym for " Rabbi Mosheh Ben Maimon "), was a preeminent medieval Jewish philosopher and one of the most prolific and followed Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages.

In Latin, the Hebrew " ben " ( son of ) becomes the Greek − style suffix "- ides " to form " Moses Maimonides ".

id: Moses Maimonides

In his introduction to Mishneh Torah Maimonides provides a generation by generation account of the direct line of all those who transmitted this tradition beginning with Moses himself up until the Mishnaic era.

The origins of what has come to be known as Occam's razor are traceable to the works of earlier philosophers such as John Duns Scotus ( 1265 – 1308 ), Maimonides ( Moses ben-Maimon, 1138 – 1204 ), and even Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ) ( Charlesworth 1956 ).

Moses Maimonides, Samuel Ben Tibbon, Juda Ben Solomon Choen, and Shem Tob Ben Joseph Falaquera were Jewish philosophers influenced by Averroes.

The Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides said of the deterministic implications of an omniscient god: " Does God know or does He not know that a certain individual will be good or bad?

Rambam: Readings in the Philosophy of Moses Maimonides.

This belief was expressed by Maimonides, who wrote that " Moses was superior to all prophets, whether they preceded him or arose afterwards.

Maimonides explains: " We do not know exactly how the Torah was transmitted to Moses.

Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, better known as Maimonides or " The Rambam " ( 1135-1204 CE ), lived at a time when both Christianity and Islam were developing active theologies.

The successors of Maimonides, from the 13th to the 15th century — Nahmanides, Abba Mari ben Moses, Simon ben Zemah Duran, Joseph Albo, Isaac Arama, and Joseph Jaabez — narrowed his 13 articles to three core beliefs: Belief in God ; in Creation ( or revelation ); and in providence ( or retribution ).

The Mishna in the beginning of Avot and ( in more detail ) Maimonides in his Introduction to Mishneh Torah records a chain of tradition ( mesorah ) from Moses at Mount Sinai down to R ' Ashi, redactor of the Talmud and last of the Amoraim.

The rabbinic teachings, notably Maimonides ( Rambam ), suggest there were many levels of prophecy, from the highest such as those experienced by Moses, to the lowest where the individuals were able to apprehend the Divine Will, but not respond or even describe this experience to others, mistakenly citing Noah.

; 1135 – 1204: Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, aka Maimonides or the Rambam is the leading rabbi of Sephardic Jewry.

* To wear tefillin and recite the blessings in an undertone: This opinion, based on Maimonides, is the ruling of Moses Isserles who writes that this is the universally accepted practice among Ashkenazic Jews.

While Maimonides endeavored to reduce the miracles of the Bible to the level of natural phenomena, Nahmanides emphasizes them, declaring that " no man can share in the Torah of our teacher Moses unless he believes that all our affairs, whether they concern masses or individuals, are miraculously controlled, and that nothing can be attributed to nature or the order of the world.

Mendelssohn has been described as the "' third Moses ,' with whom begins a new era in Judaism ," just as new eras began with Moses the prophet and with Moses Maimonides.

The philosophers Moses Maimonides ( a Jew born in Muslim Spain ) and Ibn Khaldun ( born in modern-day Tunisia ), the father of sociology and historiography, were also important philosophers, though the latter did not identify himself as a falsafa, but rather a kalam author.

The Apostle Paul wrote an entire epistle, Galatians, antagonistic to the teachings of a Jewish sect that claimed adherence to the teachings of both Jesus and Moses ( cf.

Toward the end of his life he wrote a letter for general circulation pointing out that Abel, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Moses and David were all keepers of sheep or cattle and therefore that a learned education should not be seen as a necessary qualification for ministry.

Similar passages include, for example, Exodus 17: 14, " And YHWH said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven ;" Exodus 24: 4, " And Moses wrote all the words of YHWH, and rose up early in the morning, and built an altar under the mount, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel ;" Exodus 34: 27, " And Yahweh said unto Moses, Write thou these words, for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel ;" and " These are the decrees, the laws and the regulations that the LORD established on Mount Sinai between himself and the Israelites through Moses.

Strabo, a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher, in his Geography ( c. AD 24 ), wrote in detail about Moses, whom he considered to be an Egyptian who deplored the situation in his homeland, and thereby attracted many followers who respected the deity.

In the 19th century the agnostic Robert G. Ingersoll wrote "... that all the ignorant, infamous, heartless, hideous things recorded in the ' inspired ' Pentateuch are not the words of God, but simply ' Some Mistakes of Moses '".

In discussing 9 founders of major faith traditions ( Moses, Zoroaster, Lao-zu, Buddha, Confucius, Socrates, Krishna, Jesus, and Muhammad ), which he called " mediators between the human and the divine ," Macquarrie wrote that:

Ibn Ezra hinted, and Bonfils explicitly stated, that Joshua wrote these verses many years after the death of Moses.

Other commentators do not accept this position and maintain that although Moses did not write those eight verses it was nonetheless dictated to him and that Joshua wrote it based on instructions left by Moses, and that the Torah often describes future events, some of which have yet to occur.

The Talmud says that God dictated four books of the Torah, but that Moses wrote Deuteronomy in his own words ( Talmud Bavli, Meg.

Describing the Bible as " fabulous mythology ", Paine questions whether or not it was revealed to its writers and doubts that the original writers can ever be known ( he dismisses the idea that Moses wrote the Pentateuch, for example ).

The authenticity of the Zohar was accepted by such 16th century Jewish luminaries as R ' Yosef Karo ( d. 1575 ), R ' Moses Isserles ( d. 1572 ), and R ' Solomon Luria ( d. 1574 ), who wrote that Jewish law ( Halacha ) follows the Zohar, except where the Zohar is contradicted by the Babylonian Talmud.

But when it was transmitted, Moses merely wrote it down like a secretary taking dictation .... every verse in the Torah is equally holy, as they all originate from God, and are all part of God's Torah, which is perfect, holy and true.

The lack of such discrepancies in the Aleppo Codex is one of the reasons for its importance ; the scribe who copied the notes, presumably Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, probably wrote them originally.

On December 26, Martin Davis, Commissary Agent for Moses Daniel's detachment, wrote:

According to Koch, the name Arawn may be derived from the Biblical name Aaron, the name of Moses ’ s brother, and so is ultimately of Hebrew origin and meaning ‘ exalted .’ That the name ‘ Aaron ’ had currency in Wales as early as Roman times is shown by Gildas who wrote that ‘ Aaron and Iulianus were Christian martyrs at Urbs Legionis ( the ‘ city of the legion ,’ probably Caerllion-ar-Wysg ) in the time of the Emperor Diocletian .’ a cleric of the Old Welsh name Araun witnessed two charters of 860 preserved in the book of Llandaf.

Orthodox, Sephardim, a majority of Israeli Jews and other Jews, including many whom are not observant, reject critical Bible scholarship and the documentary hypothesis, holding to the opinion that it is contradicted by the Torah in Deuteronomy 31: 24, 25 and 26, and the Talmud ( Gittin 60a, Bava Basra 15b ), which state that Moses wrote the Torah, as well as by the Mishnah, which asserts the divine origin of the Torah as one of the essential tenets of Judaism.

In 1570 he wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch titled " Yede Mosheh " ( The Hands of Moses ); also an exposition of the Talmudical treatise " Abot " ( Ethics of the Fathers ), published in Salonica in 1563 ; and a collection of sermons delivered upon various occasions, particularly funeral orations, entitled " Meammeẓ Koaḥ " ( Re-enforcing Strength ).

In denying that Moses wrote the entire Pentateuch he followed Abraham ben Ezra.

In Pardes Rimonim, Moses ben Jacob Cordovero ( Ramak ) mentions a minority opinion that Rabbi Akiva authored it, and takes it to mean Abraham wrote it and Akiva redacted it to its current form.