This hypothesis of the contents of the Mouseion, originally suggested by Nietzsche ( Rheinisches Museum 25 ( 1870 ) & 28 ( 1873 )), appears to have been confirmed by three papyrus finds – one 3rd century BC ( Flinders Petrie Papyri, ed.

The impact of these lifestyle choices upon his developing artistic style is open to conjecture, although these choices do seem to be more than simple teenage rebellion, or the cliched hedonism and bohemianism that was almost expected of artists of the time ; his pursuit of the seedier side of life appears to have roots in his appreciation of radical philosophies, including those of Nietzsche.

Another powerful influence appears to be present in ghostly form: Friedrich Nietzsche.

Life is nothing without appearances ; it appears to Nietzsche that it follows from this that the abolition of appearances would imply the abolition of " truth " as well.

" Better ," for Nietzsche, appears to mean ordered toward the production of rare genius and is hardly to be confused with what " a newspaper reader ," as Nietzsche might put it, would expect.

The Nietzsche Archives ' suppression was lifted in later editions and now appears exactly as Nietzsche wrote.

The president appears to be human, claiming to be " all too human ", alluding to Nietzsche who famously treated the topic of good and evil.

Nietzsche distinguishes a morality that is strong or healthy, meaning that the person in question is aware that he constructs it himself, from weak morality, where the interpretation is projected on to something external.

This wilful destruction of values and the overcoming of the condition of nihilism by the constructing of new meaning, this active nihilism, could be related to what Nietzsche elsewhere calls a ' free spirit ' or the Übermensch from Thus Spoke Zarathustra and the Antichrist, the model of the strong individual who posits his own values and lives his life as if it were his own work of art.

Although Part Three was originally planned to be the end of the book, and ends with a strong climax, Nietzsche subsequently decided to write an additional three parts ; ultimately, however, he composed only the fourth part, which is viewed to constitute an intermezzo.

" Robert Mayhew cautioned that “ We should not conclude too quickly that these passages are strong evidence of an earlier Nietzschean phase in Ayn Rand ’ s development, because such language can be strictly metaphorical ( even if the result of an early interest in Nietzsche )”.

Through his research and discussions with the two women in his life ( one intellectual and the other frivolous ) he discovers that only one thinker is strong enough to found a project of world philosophy: Nietzsche.

" This can be interpreted as a subliminal attack on his former friend Wagner ( a strong believer in genius ) though Nietzsche never mentions him by name, instead simply using the term “ the artist.

Most notoriously, Human, All Too Human was used by archivist Max Oehler, a strong supporter of Hitler, as supposed evidence of Nietzsche ’ s support for nationalism and anti-Semitism, both of which he writes against.

" Nietzsche criticized the " strong races of northern Europe " for accepting the Christian God and not creating a new god of their own.

Nietzsche thinks his notion of the will to power is far more useful than Schopenhauer's will to live for explaining various events, especially human behavior — for example, Nietzsche uses the will to power to explain both ascetic, life-denying impulses and strong, life-affirming impulses in the European tradition, as well as both master and slave morality.

Like many of Hesse's novels, there is a strong influence derived from Nietzsche, specifically his work The Birth of Tragedy.

MacIntyre offers a strong critique of Friedrich Nietzsche, whom he calls the " King Kamehameha II of the European tradition ," in reference to the Polynesian allegory above.

Inspired by the writing of Richard Wagner, and because of his own strong anti-semitism, he set out to establish a German settlement in Paraguay with his wife Elisabeth Förster née Nietzsche ( sister of the philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche ) and some German families.

Professor Bett specializes in ancient Greek philosophy, and has strong interests in ancient and modern ethics and epistemology, as well as Nietzsche.

Major influences were Friedrich Nietzsche, Oswald Spengler and, most importantly, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the British-born German writer who was one of the founders of " scientific " anti-Semitism, and whose book The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century ( 1899 ) was one of the standard works of the extreme right in Germany.

After the burning of the Tuileries Palace on May 23, 1871, Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche himself meditated about the " fight against culture ", wondering what could justify culture if it were to be destroyed in such a " senseless " manner ( the arguments are: culture is justified by works of art and scientific achievements ; exploitation is necessary to those achievements, leading to the creation of exploited people who then fight against culture.

Though Nietzsche was critical of theories concerning what could not be observed, he believed that theories ought to be capable of being falsified: while arguing against what he held to be the negative influence of the Kantian noumenon in the philosophy and science of his day, Nietzsche roughly approximated the scientific philosopher Karl Popper's assertion that falsifiability was the basis of scientific knowledge:

Further, there is no reason to be surprised when discussions such as those about the " death of God " – a concept drawn from Nietzsche – stir popular excitement as they did in the recent past, and could do so again today.

" According to Nietzsche, it is only when nihilism is overcome that a culture can have a true foundation upon which to thrive.

For in these was reflected that which a personality must feel concerning the evolution and essential being of humanity when this personality is kept back from grasping the spiritual world by the restricted thought in the philosophy of nature characterizing the end of the 19th century .... What attracted me particularly was that one could read Nietzsche without coming upon anything which strove to make the reader a ' dependent ' of Nietzsche's.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was influenced by Schopenhauer when younger, but later felt him to be wrong.

Nietzsche credits Sallust in Twilight of the Idols for his epigrammatic style: " My sense of style, for the epigram as a style, was awakened almost instantly when I came into contact with Sallust " and praises him for being " compact, severe, with as much substance as possible, a cold sarcasm against ' beautiful words ' and ' beautiful sentiments '.

Nietzsche in the same passage ( Part I, section 5 ) makes some of his most controversial pronouncements, wondering for instance if "... the conqueror and master race, the Aryan, is not succumbing physiologically ," to a " dark, black-haired aboriginal " race of pre-Aryans It is a matter of scholarly debate whether or not Nietzsche intended such statements to be understood literally or figuratively and similarly there may be doubts about whether or not Theognis advocated eugenics or social selection when making such statements as this:

Friedrich Nietzsche stated: " communal solidarity is annihilated by the highest and strongest drives that, when they break out passionately, whip the individual far past the average low level of the ' herd-conscience.

Friedrich Nietzsche spoke occasionally in favor of something like free love, but when he proposed marriage to that famous practitioner of it, Lou Andreas-Salome, she berated him for being inconsistent with his philosophy of the free and supramoral Superman, a criticism that Nietzsche seems to have taken seriously, or to have at least been stung by.

The book South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today includes an essay in which Bridgewater State College philosophy professor William J. Devlin references the teachings of Socrates and Friedrich Nietzsche when describing Kyle's role in the show.

Barbara Branden says, " Some of her readers were disturbed when they discovered this and similar changes " but insists that " unlike Nietzsche, she rejected as unforgivably immoral any suggestion that the superior man had the right to use physical force as a means to his end.

In 1881, when he had serious problems with his sight, Friedrich Nietzsche wanted to buy a typewriter to enable him to continue his writing, and from letters to his sister it is known that he personally was in contact with “ the inventor of the typewriter, Mr Malling-Hansen from Copenhagen ”.

It was first translated into English in 1909 by writer Helen Zimmern as part of a complete edition of Nietzsche ’ s books in English, but was never translated by Walter Kaufmann when he translated most of Nietzsche ’ s works into English in the 1950s and ‘ 60s.

Oehler also had control of Nietzsche ’ s archive during the Nazis ' rule, which he shared with Nietzsche ’ s sister, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, a Hitler supporter herself, until her death, when he took it over.

Nietzsche asserts that with the decline of Christianity and the rise of physiological decadence, nihilism is in fact characteristic of the modern age, though he implies that the rise of nihilism is still incomplete and that it has yet to be overcome.

Nietzsche then asserts that " the atomism of the soul " is connected with a belief in the existence of the thing in itself.

Nietzsche asserts that what made people great was not the content of their beliefs, but the act of valuing.

For the figure of Vincent Berger Malraux has obviously drawn on his studies of T. E. Lawrence ( though Berger fights on the side of the Turks instead of against them ), and like both Lawrence and Malraux himself he is a fervent admirer of Nietzsche.

It is Martin Heidegger, not Nietzsche, who elaborated a new interpretation of Aristotle, intended to warrant his deconstruction of scholastic and philosophical tradition.

Friedrich Nietzsche, although himself dismissive of Buddhism as yet another nihilism, developed his philosophy of accepting life-as-it-exists and self-cultivation, which is extremely similar to Buddhism as better understood in the West.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

" Nietzsche, who was heavily influenced by Schopenhauer, wrote: " Every concept originates through our equating what is unequal.

Friedrich Nietzsche criticized the phrase in that it presupposes that there is an " I ", that there is such an activity as " thinking ", and that " I " know what " thinking " is.

Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche suggested that egoistic or " life-affirming " behavior stimulates jealousy or " ressentiment " in others, and that this is the psychological motive for the altruism in Christianity.

Such theorists find narrative ( or, following Nietzsche and Foucault, genealogy ) to be a helpful tool for understanding ethics because narrative is always about particular lived experiences in all their complexity rather than the assignment of an idea or norm to separate and individuated actions.

Friedrich Nietzsche considered that " A witticism is an epigram on the death of a feeling ," in Human, All Too Human.

This school is associated with the names of Novalis, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Friedrich Schlegel and Nietzsche.

The German title of the book by Friedrich Nietzsche Twilight of the Idols, written in 1888 and published in 1889, is Götzen-Dämmerung, a pun on the title of Wagner's opera.

John Beverley Robinson wrote an essay called " Egoism " in which he states that " Modern egoism, as propounded by Stirner and Nietzsche, and expounded by Ibsen, Shaw and others, is all these ; but it is more.

It stars Jonatan Spang as von Trier's alter ego, called " Erik Nietzsche ", and is narrated by von Trier himself.

Nihilism is often associated with the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who provided a detailed diagnosis of nihilism as a widespread phenomenon of Western culture.

This is exactly why Nietzsche states that nihilism as " absolute valuelessness " or " nothing has meaning " is dangerous, or even " the danger of dangers ": it is through valuation that people survive and endure the danger, pain and hardships they face in life.