In a minor battle known as the Battle of Covadonga, a Muslim force sent to put down the Christians rebels in the northern mountains was defeated by Pelagius of Asturias, who established the monarchy of the Christian Kingdom of Asturias.

One heresy, Pelagianism, was originated by a British monk teaching in Rome: Pelagius lived c. 354 to c. 420 / 440.

In fact, Popes Vigilius, Pelagius I ( 556-61 ), Pelagius II ( 579-90 ), and Gregory the Great ( 590-604 ) were only aware the Fifth Council specifically dealt with the Three Chapters and make no mention of Origenism or Universalism, nor spoke as if they knew of its condemnation even though Gregory the Great was opposed to the belief of universalism.

Prior to being made Pope, Sixtus was a patron of Pelagius, who was later condemned as a heretic.

Pelagius was opposed by Saint Augustine, one of the most influential early Church Fathers.

When Pelagius taught that moral perfection was attainable in this life without the assistance of divine grace through human free will, Saint Augustine contradicted this by saying that perfection was impossible without grace because we are born sinners with a sinful heart and will.

The kingdom was established by a nobleman, Pelagius ( Pelayo ), who had returned to his country after the Battle of Guadalete in 711 where he was elected leader of the Asturians and founded the Kingdom of Asturias.

Christian political forces then accused Abd-ar-Rahman III of pederasty with a Christian boy who was later canonized Saint Pelagius of Cordova for his refusal of Abd-ar-Rahman's advances.

Gothic identity survived the fall of the kingdom, however, especially in Marca Hispanica and the Kingdom of Asturias, which was founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius after his victory over the Moors at the Battle of Covadonga.

Pelagius (; c. 685 – 737 ) was a Visigothic nobleman who founded the Kingdom of Asturias, ruling it from 718 until his death.

The Chronicle of Alfonso III calls Pelagius a grandson of Chindasuinth and says that his father was blinded in Córdoba, again at the instigation of Wittiza.

That Munuza's seat was at Gijón or León is sufficient to demonstrate that the Arabs had established their rule in the Asturias and that Pelagius was not therefore the leader of a local resistance to Arab conquest.

Rather, Pelagius may have come to terms with the Arab elite whereby he was permitted to govern locally in the manner of the previous Visigoths, as is known to have occurred between Arab rulers and Visigothic noblemen elsewhere, as in the case of Theudimer.

Pelagius reigned for eighteen or nineteen years until his death in 737, when he was succeeded by his son Fafila.

Pelagius was not always able to keep the Muslims out of Asturias, but neither could they defeat him, and as soon as the Muslims left, he would always re-establish control.

Pelagius never attempted to force the issue, and it was a Umayyad defeat elsewhere that probably set the stage for the Battle of Covadonga.

Pelagius and his force retreated deep into the mountains of Asturias, eventually retiring into a narrow valley flanked by mountains, which was easily defensible due to the impossibility of launching a broad-fronted attack.

Again Pelagius won, and Munuza was killed in the fighting.

The Kingdom of Asturias () was a Kingdom in the Iberian peninsula founded in 718 by Visigothic nobles under the leadership of Pelagius of Asturias.

In Spain, the Visigoth ic nobleman Pelagius of Asturias | Pelagius who founded the Kingdom of Asturias and began the Reconquista at the Battle of Covadonga, is a Folk hero | national hero regarded as the country's first monarch.

Pelagius, a son of Favila, who had been a dignitary at the court of the Visigoth King Egica ( 687-700 ), established his headquarters at Cangas de Onís, Asturias and incited an uprising against the Umayyad Muslims.

Subsequently, the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius began the Reconquista with his victory at the Battle of Covadonga, and founded the Kingdom of Asturias, which eventually evolved in to modern Spain and northern Portugal.

He married his daughter Ermesinda to the future king Alfonso I, son of Pelagius ' eastern neighbour, Duke Peter of Cantabria.

He succeeded Pelagius ' son, his brother-in-law, Favila, on the throne after the latter's premature death.

He was the only son and successor of Pelagius, the first Asturian monarch.

In October 1218 reinforcements arrived including the Legate Pelagius with the English earls Ranulf of Chester, Saer of Winchester, and William Aubigny of Arundel together with Odonel Aubigny, Robert Fitzwalter, John Lacy of Chester, William Harcourt and Oliver the illegitimate son of King John.

Saint Augustine counters Pelagius, arguing that original sin means that the unbaptised go to hell, including infants, albeit with less suffering than is experienced by those guilty of actual sins.

In the in-game lore of the videogame series The Elder Scrolls, there existed an eccentric emperor named Emperor Pelagius Septim III who seems to be heavily based upon Caligula.

However, the Visigothic nobles under the leadership of Pelagius of Asturias managed to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Covadonga, and subsequently established the Kingdom of Asturias.

Near the end of the book, Calvin describes and defends the doctrine of predestination, a doctrine advanced by Augustine in opposition to the teachings of Pelagius.

In the autumn of 1218 reinforcements arrived from Europe, including the papal legate Pelagius of Albano.

Stops with Pope Pelagius, 579-590.

This new tension eventually became obvious with the confrontation between Augustine and Pelagius culminating in condemnation of Pelagianism ( as interpreted by Augustine ) at the Council of Ephesus in 431.

The British monk Pelagius denied Augustine's view of " predestination " in order to affirm that salvation is achieved by an act of free will.

Stops with Pope Pelagius, 579 – 590.

They took Damietta and a few other places in Egypt, but lack of unity among the Christians and rivalry between their leaders and the papal legate Pelagius resulted in failure.

He is buried in St. Peter's Basilica near Pope Pelagius I.

Soon after this Zosimus received from Pelagius a confession of faith, together with a new treatise on free will.

The pope held a new synod of the Roman clergy, before which both these writings were read ; the assembly held the statements to be orthodox, and Zosimus again wrote to the African bishops defending Pelagius and reproving his accusers, among whom were the Gallic bishops Hero and Lazarus.

Pelagianism is a theological theory named after Pelagius ( AD 354 – AD 420 / 440 ), although he denied, at least at some point in his life, many of the doctrines associated with his name.

Al-Fihri himself managed to escape to the former Visigoth capital of Toledo in central al-Andalus ; once there, he was promptly killed.

There was a great deal of freedom of interaction between the groups: for example, Sarah, the granddaughter of the Visigoth king Wittiza, married a Muslim man and bore two sons who were later counted among the ranks of the highest Arab nobility.

The next crisis was the Visigoth invasion of Italy in 402 under the formidable command of their king, Alaric.

Constantius drove Ataulf into Hispania, and Attalus, having again lost Visigoth support, was captured and deposed.

The Gibraltar area and the rest of the South Iberian Peninsula was part of the Byzantine Empire during the second part of the 6th century, later reverting to the Visigoth Kingdom.

The term " Visigoth ", however, was an invention of the sixth century.

The latter was said to be held in Toledo, Spain during Visigoth rule and was part of the loot taken by Tarik ibn Ziyad during the Umayyad Conquest of Iberia, according to Ibn Abd-el-Hakem's History of the Conquest of Spain.

The term " Visigoth ", however, was an invention of the 6th century.

Jewish communities had prospered here under the Roman empire and to some extent under the later Christian Orthodox ( Byzantine ) rule, but under the Visigoth kings a Roman Catholic church-state policy of systematic anti-Semitism was pursued.

Visigoth King Alaric II was defeated by Clovis I at Vouillé, not far from Poitiers, in 507, and the town came under Frankish dominion.

Some historians think that Asterio held a religious office which combined elements of the pagan and Christian religions, while others think he may be linked to the Brythonic refugees that settled in Britonia ( Galicia ) in the 6th century: The Parrochiale Suevorum ( an administrative document of the Suebi Kingdom ) tells that the lands of Asturias belonged to the Britonian see, and it is a fact that some features of the Celtic Christianity penetrated in Northern Spain, like the Celtic tonsure which was condemned by the Visigoth bishops who assisted to the Fourth Council of Toledo.

After Petronius, the Gallic-Roman senator Avitus was proclaimed Emperor by the Visigoth king Theodoric II and ruled for two years, then was deposed by Majorian, who ruled for four years, before being killed by his general Ricimer ( 461 ).

In the years 466 to 472, Pamplona was conquered by the Visigoth count Gauteric, but they seemed to abandon the restless position soon, struggling as the Visigoth Kingdom was to survive and rearrange its lands after their defeats in Gaul.

In 416 – 418, Novempopulania was delivered to the Visigoths as their federate settlement lands and became part of the Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, while other than the region of the Garonne river their actual grip on the area may have been rather loose.

The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503 – 542, who was suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with the Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, and was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine, and again in 512 when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great, Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king.

In AD 396, the forces of Alaric the Visigoth invaded the Eastern Roman Empire and ravaged Attica, destroying the Telesterion, which was never to be rebuilt.

In 414 a chapel was erected at the site of Justus and Pastor's martyrdom, and was converted into a Cathedral during the period of Visigoth control of Hispania ; bishops from Alcalá were present at the Councils of Toledo beginning in the seventh century.