* Allama Iqbal-Poet, Philosopher, politician, lawyer and architect of the idea of Pakistan.

Vladimir Jovanović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Јовановић, also spelled in English as Vladimir Yovanovich ) ( 28 September 1833, Šabac, Serbia-3 March 1922, Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ) was a Serbian Philosopher, political theorist, economist, politician, political writer and activist for the unification of all Serbian lands in the Balkans.

Philosopher Max Stirner, in his book The Ego and Its Own, was the first philosopher to call himself an egoist, though his writing makes clear that he desired not a new idea of morality ( ethical egoism ), but rather a rejection of morality ( amoralism ), as a nonexistent and limiting “ spook ”; for this, Stirner has been described as the first individualist anarchist.

Also of note is the work of the contemporary Philosopher of Law Ronald Dworkin who has advocated a constructivist theory of jurisprudence that can be characterized as a middle path between natural law theories and positivist theories of general jurisprudence.

Philosopher John Deely has argued for the contentious claim that the label " postmodern " for thinkers such as Derrida et al.

Philosopher Pascal Bruckner claimed that " Anti-racism in the UN has become the ideology of totalitarian regimes who use it in their own interests.

That fact has been confirmed explicitly by the papal letter Industriae tuae ( 880 ) approving the use of Old Church Slavonic, which says that the alphabet was " invented by Constantine the Philosopher ".

Philosopher Stephen Maitzen has called this the " Heaven Swamps Everything " theodicy, and argues that it is false because it conflates compensation and justification.

Paul Hsao records Chang Chung-Yuan saying that " Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought.

Philosopher Jürgen Habermas has described Foucault as a " crypto-normativist ", covertly reliant on the very Enlightenment principles he attempts to deconstruct.

Philosopher Richard Rorty has argued that Foucault's ' archaeology of knowledge ' is fundamentally negative, and thus fails to adequately establish any ' new ' theory of knowledge per se.

Philosopher Lynne Rudder Baker has outlined four main contemporary approaches to belief in her controversial book Saving Belief:

Philosopher of religion Keith Ward has said scientism is philosophically inconsistent or even self-refuting, as the truth of the statements " no statements are true unless they can be proven scientifically ( or logically )" or " no statements are true unless they can be shown empirically to be true " cannot themselves be proven scientifically, logically, or empirically.

Philosopher Ayn Rand argued that the notion of a fetus having a right to life is " vicious nonsense " and stated, " An embryo has no rights ... a child cannot acquire any rights until it is born.

Philosopher Murray Rothbard wrote that " no being has a right to live, unbidden, as a parasite within or upon some person's body " and that therefore the woman is entitled to eject the fetus from her body at any time.

But the Character and Philosopher is what he seems to pretend to, and to be a good deal conceited of: the Others are put on to comply with Les Manieres du Monde, but that you are to suppose his real characteristic ; and I can't but fancy he is a great Pretender in All kinds of Science, as well as that he really has acquired an uncommon Share in some '.

Philosopher and theologian John E. Hare has noted that some philosophers see divine command theory as an example of Kant's heteronomous will – motives besides the moral law, which Kant regarded as non-moral.

Carmy has said that "' Police Philosopher ' was born the day I spied an ad in a professional journal, seeking a professor of philosophy prepared to teach at a local precinct so that the cops could get college credit without having to be on campus.

* Philosopher Ken Wilber has written extensively on this, calling the omniscient view ( or subject – object distinction ) the fundamental modernist paradigm, and cataloging its effects on society, and in the way many subjects have been compressed into a " flat " view by this perspective

Philosopher Martha Nussbaum has argued that something is objectified if any of the following factors is present:

Philosopher David Buller agrees with the general argument that the human mind has evolved over time but disagree with the specific claims evolutionary psychologists make.

The entire quote is as follows: " The essential Saltes of Animals may be so prepared and preserved, that an ingenious Man may have the whole Ark of Noah in his own Studie, and raise the fine Shape of an Animal out of its Ashes at his Pleasure ; and by the lyke Method from the essential Saltes of humane Dust, a Philosopher may, without any criminal Necromancy, call up the Shape of any dead Ancestour from the Dust whereinto his Bodie has been incinerated.

Philosopher Thomas Nagel has supported Sokal and Bricmont, describing their book as consisting largely of " extensive quotations of scientific gibberish from name-brand French intellectuals, together with eerily patient explanations of why it is gibberish ," and agreeing that " there does seem to be something about the Parisian scene that is particularly hospitable to reckless verbosity.

In October 2002, a book on Khushal Khan Khattak, Khushal Khan, The Afghan Warrior Poet and Philosopher, has been published.

This concept has been attributed as far back as the Greek Philosopher Epictetus, who is often cited as utilizing similar ideas in antiquity.

Philosopher John Searle suggests that, despite the " opaque prose " and lofty claims of Giroux, he interprets the goal of Giroux's form of critical pedagogy " to create political radicals ", thus highlighting the contestable and antagonistic moral and political grounds of the ideals of citizenship and " public wisdom "; these varying moral perspectives of what is " right " are to be found in what John Dewey has referred to as the tensions between traditional and progressive education.

From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called " The Obscure " and the " Weeping Philosopher ".

Philosopher Richard Rorty understands hope as more than goal setting.

Also — several useful Tables, and valuable Receipts .— Various Selections from the Commonplace – Book of the Kentucky Philosopher, an American Sage ; with interesting and entertaining Essays, in Prose and Verse — the whole comprising a greater, more pleasing, and useful Variety than any Work of the Kind and Price in North America.

Philosopher Slavoj Žižek interprets the film's bipartite structure as exploiting " the opposition of two horrors: the phantasmatic horror of the nightmarish noir universe of perverse sex, betrayal, and murder, and the ( perhaps much more unsettling ) despair of our drab, alienated daily life of impotence and distrust ".

Nicknamed The Philosopher, Lozada Cruz adopted the professional name Vico C. Vico C describes rap as " essentially hip-hop but with a flavor more compatible to the Caribbean.

Philosopher David Hume and psychologist Jonathan Haidt both claim that morality is based more on perceptions than on logical reasoning.

Philosopher Henry B. Veatch wrote that Peikoff should have " paid a more discerning and discriminating attention to present-day academic philosophy ," instead of " simply brushing academic ethics aside ".

Philosopher Gary Williams has recently defended Julian Jaynes against Ned Block's criticisms in the journal Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences.

More recently Critchley contributed a three-part essay, Philip K. Dick, Sci-Fi Philosopher and an article titled Why I Love Mormonism.

Philosopher Jonathan Glover says that beliefs are always a part of a belief system, and that belief systems are difficult to completely revise.

Adam Smith, one of the earliest classical economists, refers to public opinion in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, but it was Jeremy Bentham, the famous utilitarian Philosopher, who fully developed theories of public opinion.

Philosopher Allan Bloom, a student of Leo Strauss, criticized Rawls for failing to account for the existence of natural right in his theory of justice, and wrote that Rawls absolutizes social union as the ultimate goal which would conventionalize everything into artifice.

Philosopher John Rawls, in his A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ), developed a " second principle of justice " that economic and social inequalities can only be justified if they benefit the most disadvantaged members of society.

Philosopher and social critic Robert C. Solomon described McKuen's poetry as " sweet kitsch ", and at the height of his popularity in 1969, Newsweek magazine called him " the King of Kitsch ".

Philosopher Edward Stein argues that Ruse does not succeed in showing that social constructionism is mistaken, calling his discussion of it superficial.

Philosopher Jürgen Habermas wrote of Bellah's work: " This great book is the intellectual harvest of the rich academic life of a leading social theorist who has assimilated a vast range of biological, anthropological, and historical literature in the pursuit of a breathtaking project ...