* William Bond, 1736, The Manual of Epictetus the Philosopher.

** William of Ockham, English Philosopher ( b. 1288 )

The Afterdeath Journal of An American Philosopher: The World View of William James.

William James, in his essay " The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life ", dismisses the first horn of the Euthyphro dilemma and stays clear of the second.

Philosopher and mathematician William A. Dembski was the center's first director

Psychologist and Philosopher William James described four characteristics of religious / mystical experience in The Varieties of Religious Experience.

The Christian Philosopher ... a narrative of the life of the late William Gordon.

William James anticipated Berlinian value-pluralism in an essay on " The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life ", which he first delivered as a lecture in 1891.

* William Ralph Boyce Gibson ( Australian Philosopher )

Philosopher and Roman Catholic priest Ernan McMullin also disagrees with Plantinga's call for a theistic science, stating that it should not be considered to be science at all, and suggesting that Plantinga seriously understates the evidential support for evolution.

Philosopher Immanuel Kant, though not formally considered a personalist, made an important contribution to the personalist cause by declaring that a person is not to be valued merely as a means to the ends of other people, but that he possesses dignity ( an absolute inner worth ) and is to be valued as an end in himself.

Philosopher Jacques Derrida, whose texts are considered difficult even by fellow scholars, explained that " In order to unfold what is implicit in so many discourses, one would have each time to make a pedagogical outlay that is just not reasonable to expect from every book.

His books include Why I am not a Hindu, God As Political Philosopher: Budha's challenge to Brahminism, A Hollow Shell, The State and Repressive Culture, Manatatwam ( in Telugu ), and Buffalo Nationalism: A Critique of Spiritual Fascism.

A similar defense comes from Australian Philosopher Frank Jackson ( born 1943 ) who revived the theory of Epiphenomenalism which argues that mental states do not play a role in physical states.

Also of note is the work of the contemporary Philosopher of Law Ronald Dworkin who has advocated a constructivist theory of jurisprudence that can be characterized as a middle path between natural law theories and positivist theories of general jurisprudence.

Philosopher and mathematician famous for developing the theory of subjective idealism.

Philosopher Richard Rorty has argued that Foucault's ' archaeology of knowledge ' is fundamentally negative, and thus fails to adequately establish any ' new ' theory of knowledge per se.

Philosopher Daniel Dennett responded to criticism of his book Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon by saying that " when someone puts forward a scientific theory that critics really don't like, they just try to discredit it as ' scientism '".

Philosopher Allan Bloom, a student of Leo Strauss, criticized Rawls for failing to account for the existence of natural right in his theory of justice, and wrote that Rawls absolutizes social union as the ultimate goal which would conventionalize everything into artifice.

Philosopher and theologian John E. Hare has noted that some philosophers see divine command theory as an example of Kant's heteronomous will – motives besides the moral law, which Kant regarded as non-moral.

American Philosopher Ken Wilber includes Artifacts in his theory of holons.

Philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger has more recently attempted to revise classical social theory by exploring how things fit together, rather than to provide an all encompassing single explanation of a universal reality.

* Philosopher Donna Haraway with her accounts of cyborg theory.

Philosopher George Walsh argues that Christianity can be seen as originating in a myth dressed up as history, or with a historical being mythologized into a supernatural one: he calls the former the Christ myth theory, and the latter the historical Jesus theory.

* Alexander on Information Philosopher

* Daniel Dennett on Information Philosopher

A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery ( ca.

* Karl Popper on Information Philosopher

* Mortimer Adler on Information Philosopher

Philosopher Jacques Derrida wrote on Voice.

* Information Philosopher on Schrödinger's cat More diagrams and an information creation explanation.

After the burning of the Tuileries Palace on May 23, 1871, Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche himself meditated about the " fight against culture ", wondering what could justify culture if it were to be destroyed in such a " senseless " manner ( the arguments are: culture is justified by works of art and scientific achievements ; exploitation is necessary to those achievements, leading to the creation of exploited people who then fight against culture.

Philosopher Elliott Sober states that not even reason itself can be justified on any reasonable grounds, and that we must start with first principles of some kind ( otherwise an infinite regress occurs ).

Philosopher Thomas Baldwin argues that Sartre's argument is based on a misunderstanding of Freud.

Philosopher Jürgen Habermas has described Foucault as a " crypto-normativist ", covertly reliant on the very Enlightenment principles he attempts to deconstruct.

* Determinism on Information Philosopher

* Philosopher. org-' Tips on Starting your own Socrates Cafe ', Christopher Phillips, Cecilia Phillips

A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery ( ca.

Joseph Wright's picture " A Philosopher giving a Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun " ( ca.

Unlike many commentators on Euclid before and after him ( including of course Saccheri ), Khayyám was not trying to prove the parallel postulate as such but to derive it from an equivalent postulate he formulated from " the principles of the Philosopher " ( Aristotle ):

Berland, " The True Epicurean Philosopher: Some Influences on Frances Brooke's History of Emily Montague ," Dalhousie Review 66 ( 1986 ): 286-300.

Rogers-isms: the Cowboy Philosopher on the Peace Conference, ( 1919 ).

* Dialogue between a Christian Philosopher and a Chinese Philosopher on the Existence and Nature of God, tr.

Philosopher Thomas Baldwin argues that Sartre's argument is based on a misunderstanding of Freud.

Philosopher Stephen Pepper also distinguished between theories and models, and said in 1948 that general models and theories are predicated on a " root " metaphor that constrains how scientists theorize and model a phenomenon and thus arrive at testable hypotheses.

* On the True Philosopher and the True Philosophy — Essays on Swedenborg, ed.

But the Character and Philosopher is what he seems to pretend to, and to be a good deal conceited of: the Others are put on to comply with Les Manieres du Monde, but that you are to suppose his real characteristic ; and I can't but fancy he is a great Pretender in All kinds of Science, as well as that he really has acquired an uncommon Share in some '.

* Philosopher Samuel Clarke attacks the views of Henry Dodwell on the immortality of the soul.