Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, Compiled by Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople.

It confirmed the reinstatement of Photius as Patriarch of Constantinople.

That council, held at Constantinople, comprising the representatives of all the five patriarchates, including that of Rome ( all in all 383 bishops ), reinstated Photius as Patriarch.

In any case, the Pope de facto accepted the reinstatement of Photius as Patriarch.

For example, Photius I of Constantinople, who became Patriarch in 858 and was deposed by Pope Nicholas I in 863, was an enemy of the Pope.

On three separate occasions he had been employed by the three popes who preceded him as legate to Constantinople, his mission in each case having reference to the controversy started by Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople.

He had also opposed the arbitrary proceedings of the Archbishops of Bordeaux and Ravenna, and resisted the attacks which the Patriarch Photius made on the Holy See.

Other immediate issues were that in Constantinople, the Patriarch Photius had been ejected and Stephen, the son of Emperor Basil I, had taken the office.

This may have parallels with the Christianization of the Rus ', as reported by Patriarch Photius in 867.

The second mission ( 860 ), requested by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III and the Patriarch of Constantinople Photius ( a professor of Cyril's at the University and his guiding light in earlier years ), was a missionary expedition to the Khazar Khaganate in order to prevent the expansion of Judaism there.

That year the Prince Rastislav of Great Moravia requested that the Emperor Michael III and the Patriarch Photius send missionaries to evangelize his Slavic subjects.

* September – Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople is removed from office and banished ; Ignatius is patriarch of Constantinople once again.

* Photius I, Patriarch of Constantinople ( approximate date ) ( d. 891 )

* February 6 – Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople

* Patriarch Ignatius is imprisoned and ( December 25 ) deposed to be succeeded by Patriarch Photius I.

* Pope Nicholas I excommunicates Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople.

* The Fourth Council of Constantinople ( Roman Catholic ) ( October 5 869 – February 28 870 ) is called to decide action regarding Patriarch Photius of Constantinople.

* A synod convened at Constantinople ( often considered by Eastern churches as the Fourth Council of Constantinople ) reinstates Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople.

Photios I (;, Phōtios ; c. 810 – c. 893 ), also spelled Photius or Fotios, was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886.

Patriarch Photius may have first applied the term to them during the Siege of Constantinople ( 860 ).

During his reign, relations with the Byzantine Empire soured over his support for Ignatius, Patriarch of Constantinople, who had been removed from his post in favor of Photius.

He contended that the Patriarch of Constantinople Ignatius was deposed in 857 and Photius raised to the patriarchal see in violation of ecclesiastical law.

Ignatius ’ elevation to the Patriarchate was declared to be uncanonical and Photius was acclaimed as properly elected as the new Patriarch.

Photius had already been declared deposed by the Pope, an act which the Church of Constantinople accepted at this council.

* Fourth Council of Constantinople ( 879 – 880 ) restored Photius to the See of Constantinople.

After the death of Ignatius in 877, Photius mounted the See of Constantinople for a second time.

* 869 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about patriarch Photius of Constantinople.

In his dealings with Constantinople in the matter of Photius, as also in his relations with the young Slavic Orthodox church, he pursued the policy of Pope Nicholas I.

” As the Holy Apostolic See has made known to us that the blasphemous errors of a certain Photius against the Holy Ghost are still vigorous in the East, errors which teach that the Holy Spirit proceeds not from the Son but from the Father only we exhort you venerable brethren, together with us, in accordance with the admonition of the ruler of the Roman See, after a careful study of the works of the Fathers, to draw from the quiver of Holy Writ arrows sharp enough to slay the monster which is again springing into life .”

* Arrian, Events after Alexander ( from Photius ' Bibliotheca ) translated by John Rooke, edited by Tim Spalding

* Photius ' excerpt of Arrian's Events after Alexander, translated by J. S.

Referencing the Siege of Constantinople of 860, Photius informs the Oriental patriarchs and bishops that, after the Bulgarians turned to Christ in 863, the Rus ' followed suit.

The metropolitans of Lithuania had been opposed for several decades ( going back at least to the metropolitanate of Photius ( Fotii ) in Moscow, and would continue after Theodosius ' tenure.

In these volumes Hergenröther laid here in minute detail the origins of the Byzantine Church, its development since the fourth century, and after the death of Photius until the completion of the schism in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Eastern Orthodox Christians argue that thereby the council condemned not only the addition of the Filioque clause to the creed but also denounced the clause as heretical ( a view strongly espoused by Photius in his polemics against Rome ), while Roman Catholics separate the two and insist on the theological orthodoxy of the clause.

At this council Adrian was represented by legates who presided at the condemnation of Photius as a heretic, but did not succeed in coming to an understanding with Ignatius on the subject of jurisdiction over the Bulgarian church.

Thomas Shahan says that, according to Photius too, Pope Damasus approved the council, but he adds that, if any part of the council were approved by this pope, it could have been only its revision of the Nicene Creed, as was the case also when Gregory the Great recognized it as one of the four general councils, but only in its dogmatic utterances.

* Council of Constantinople ( 867 ), a local council convened by Photius to discuss Papal supremacy and the Filioque.

Three bishops are known: Spudasius, who attended the First Council of Ephesus in 431 ; Maurianus, who attended the Council of Nicaea in 787 ; and Symeon, who attended the council in Constantinople that reinstated Photius in 879.

Photius, writing in the 9th century, found various text appended to manuscripts of the seven canonical books, which lead Daniel Heinsius to suggest that the original eighth book is lost, and he identified the text purported to be from the eighth book as fragments of the Hypopotoses.

Photius compared Clement's treatise, which like his other works was highly syncretic, featuring ideas of Hellenistic, Jewish and Gnostic origin, unfavourably against the prevailing orthodoxy of the 9th century.

* the Apology for Origen, the first five books of which, according to the definite statement of Photius, were written by Pamphilus in prison, with the assistance of Eusebius.

to Photius, declaring the Filioque to be an addition which is rejected by the church of Rome, and a blasphemy which must be abolished calmly and by, degrees.

Herodotus's recitation at Olympia was a favourite theme among ancient writers and there is another interesting variation on the story to be found in the Suda, Photius and Tzetzes, in which a young Thucydides happened to be in the assembly with his father and burst into tears during the recital, whereupon Herodotus observed prophetically to the boy's father: " Thy son's soul yearns for knowledge.

There may appear some difficulty at first sight, however, in the statement of Photius, that the work, in the form in which he saw it, appeared to him to be a second edition.

The days on which the Pithoigia and Choës were celebrated were both regarded as ἀποφράδες ( nefasti, " unlucky ") and μιαραί (" defiled "), necessitating expiatory libations ; on them the souls of the dead came up from the underworld and walked abroad ; according to Photius, people chewed leaves of buckthorn and besmeared their doors with tar to protect themselves from evil.

Unhappy with Byzantine influence and desiring an autocephalous status which Photius was unwilling to grant, Boris sent an embassy to Nicholas with 106 questions on the teaching and discipline of the Church in August 866.

Pliny the Elder cited Ctesias and quoted Photius identifying the Chimera with an area of permanent gas vents which still can be found today by hikers on the Lycian Way in southwest Turkey.

Diodorus ' universal history, which he named Bibliotheca historica (" Historical Library "), was immense and consisted of 40 books, of which 1 – 5 and 11 – 20 survive: fragments of the lost books are preserved in Photius and the excerpts of Constantine Porphyrogenitus.

Although his work was superseded by more detailed accounts in the 2nd century AD, Photius found a copy of Erythraean Sea in the 10th century, from which he preserved extensive extracts in his Bibliotheca.

515, and wrote his biography, part of which is preserved in the Bibliotheca of Photius.

Hence the charge of impiety which Photius brings against him.

Damascius's biography of his teacher Isidore ( perhaps a part of the philosophos historia attributed to Damascius by the Suda ), of which Photius has preserved a considerable fragment.

* Logoi Paradoxoi, in 4 books, of which Photius also gives an account and specifies the respective titles of the books.

Photius had before him a " new edition " of the history in which the passages most offensive to Christians were omitted.

Two years later he published the Lexicon of Photius from Porson's transcript of the Gale manuscript in Trinity College library, to which he appended a Lexicon rhetoricum, from the margin of a Cambridge manuscript of Harpocration.

The authors on which his time was mainly spent were the tragedians, Aristophanes, Athenaeus, and the lexicons of Suidas, Hesychius and Photius.