* 1517 – Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary.

Cavalry or mounted gendarmerie units continue to be maintained for purely or primarily ceremonial purposes by the United States, British, French, Italian, Danish, Swedish, Dutch, Chilean, Portuguese, Moroccan, Nepalese, Nigerian, Venezuelan, Brazilian, Peruvian, Paraguayan, Polish, Argentine, Senegalese, Jordanian, Pakistani, Indian, Spanish and Bulgarian armed forces.

In 1966, the Portuguese created an experimental horse platoon, to operate against the guerrillas in the high grass region of the Eastern Angola, in which each soldier was armed with a G3 assault rifle to combat on foot and with an automatic pistol to fire on horseback.

The PAIGC moved its headquarters to Conakry, Guinea, in 1960 and started an armed rebellion against the Portuguese in 1961 ( for a detailed account of this struggle, see the PAIGC page ).

In 1605, armed Dutch merchants captured the Portuguese fort at Amboyna in the Moluccas, which was developed into the first secure base of the company.

The drive for Mozambican independence developed apace, and in 1962 several anti-colonial political groups formed the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique ( FRELIMO ), which initiated an armed campaign against Portuguese colonial rule in September 1964.

Portuguese colonialism collapsed in 1974 after a decade of armed struggle, initially led by American-educated Eduardo Mondlane, who was assassinated in 1969.

* a section of the military responsible for policing in both the armed forces and in the civilian population ( most gendarmeries, such as the French Gendarmerie, the Italian Carabinieri and the Portuguese Republican National Guard also known as GNR )

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan gave orders in 1631 to Qasim Khan, the Mughal viceroy of Bengal, to drive out the Portuguese from their trading post at Port Hoogly, the trading post was heavily armed with cannons, battleships, fortified walls, and other instruments of war.

It was a decisive ideological struggle and armed conflict of the cold war in African ( Portuguese Africa and surrounding nations ) and European ( mainland Portugal ) scenarios.

During the 1960s, various armed independence movements, most prominently led by communist-led parties who cooperated under the CONCP umbrella and pro US groups, became active in these areas, most notably in Angola, Mozambique, and Portuguese Guinea.

In 1961 the Portuguese army was involved in armed action in its colony in Goa against an Indian invasion ( See Operation Vijay ).

The armed forces of Portugal, commonly known as the Portuguese Armed Forces ( Forças Armadas Portuguesas ) encompasses a Navy ( Marinha ), an Army ( Exército ) and an Air Force ( Força Aérea ).

Units from the Portuguese Army and Navy were involved in an armed conflict with India, during the an invasion of Portuguese enclaves in India by an Indian force of 45, 000 servicemen, 8 combat ships and 42 combat aircraft.

4668 Portuguese armed forces personnel were taken prisoners of war, and released six months later.

It was a decisive ideological struggle and armed conflict of the cold war in African ( Portuguese Africa and surrounding nations ) and European ( mainland Portugal ) scenarios.

It was during this period that various armed independence movements, most prominently led by communist parties who cooperated under the CONCP umbrella and pro US groups, became active in these areas, most notably in Angola, Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea.

Apart from the Bundeswehr, Unimogs have been used by many different militaries, including the Argentinian, British, Belgian, Danish, Dutch, French, Irish, Indonesian Army, Portuguese, Finnish, Estonian, Greek, Swiss, Chilean, Bolivian Naval Force, Mexican, Pakistani, Rhodesian and Singaporean armed forces.

The name " man o ' war " comes from the man-of-war, a 16th-century armed sailing ship, and the cnidarian's supposed resemblance to the Portuguese version at full sail.

We can refer to the resolution approved by the United nations General Assembly on December 12, 1975, saying " having heard the statements of the representatives of Portugal, as the Administering Power, concerning developments in Portuguese Timor ... deplores the military intervention of the armed forces of Indonesia in Portuguese Timor and calls upon the Government of Indonesia to withdraw without delay its armed forces from the Territory ... and recommends that the Security Council take urgent action to protect the territorial integrity of Portuguese Timor and the inalienable right of its people to self-determination ".

* 1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383 – 1385: Battle of Aljubarrota – Portuguese forces commanded by King John I and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira defeat the Castilian army of King John I.

* 1415 – Henry the Navigator leads Portuguese forces to victory over the Marinids at the Battle of Ceuta.

* 1808 – Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.

* 1812 – Peninsula War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

* 1918 – World War I: The Battle of the Lys – the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders.

Acting under a charter sanctioned by the Dutch government, the Dutch East India Company ( VOC ) defeated Portuguese forces and established itself in the Moluccan Islands in order to profit from the European demand for spices.

Al-Ghazi's forces and their Ottoman allies came close to extinguishing the ancient Ethiopian kingdom, but the Abyssinians managed to secure the assistance of Cristóvão da Gama's Portuguese troops and maintain their domain's autonomy.

In 1970, Portuguese forces, from neighboring Portuguese Guinea, staged Operation Green Sea, a raid into Guinea with the support of exiled Guinean opposition forces.

After several days of fierce fighting, the Portuguese forces retreated without achieving most of their goals.

Before World War I, Portuguese forces, with some assistance from the Muslim population, subdued animist tribes and eventually established the territory's borders.

Portuguese forces and civilians increasingly were confined to their garrisons and larger towns.

This occupation of the Iberian peninsula fueled local nationalism, and soon the Spanish and Portuguese fought the French using guerilla tactics, defeating the French forces at the Battle of Bailén ( June and July 1808 ).

Dutch forces first established independent bases in the East ( most significantly Batavia, the heavily fortified headquarters of the Dutch East India Company ) and then between 1640 and 1660 wrestled Malacca, Ceylon, some southern Indian ports, and the lucrative Japan trade from the Portuguese.

* 1809 – Combined British, Portuguese and colonial Brazilian forces begin the Invasion of Cayenne during the Napoleonic Wars.

* 1641 – Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit Reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.

* 1644 – Portuguese Restoration War: Portuguese and Spanish forces both claim victory in the Battle of Montijo.

* 1812 – Battle of Badajoz ( March 16 – April 6 ) – British and Portuguese forces besieged and defeated French garrison during Peninsular War.

* 1695 – Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, is executed by the forces of Portuguese bandeirante Domingos Jorge Velho.

* 1917 – German forces defeat Portuguese army of about 1200 at Negomano on the border of modern-day Mozambique and Tanzania.

The Vikings, the Portuguese, and the Spaniards were the most famous among early explorers.

Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda in 1575 as " São Paulo de Loanda ", and the region developed as a slave trade market with the help of local Imbangala and Mbundu peoples who were notable slave hunters.

Trade was mostly with the Portuguese colony of Brazil ; Brazilian ships were the most numerous in the ports of Luanda and Benguela.

Parts of both countries were part of the Portuguese Empire from the early 16th century until Brazil's independence in 1822.

His campaigns were successful and, on 25 July 1139, he obtained an overwhelming victory in the Battle of Ourique, and straight after was unanimously proclaimed King of the Portuguese by his soldiers, establishing his equality in rank to the other realms of the Peninsula.

Disraeli's parents were Jews whom he claimed were of Portuguese ancestry, possibly referring to an earlier origin of his family heritage in Iberia prior to the expulsion of Jews in 1492.

From then on, the Portuguese were infrequent visitors to the islands preferring to buy their nutmeg from traders in Malacca.

The Dutch followed the Portuguese to Banda but were to have a much more dominating and lasting presence.

In effect, the shorter the ruler, the longer the measured border ; thus, the Spanish and Portuguese geographers were using different-length rulers.

Once this islands were covered with savanna on the plains and arid shrubland on the mountainsides, but over 500 years of human habtitation, since colonisation by the Portuguese in the 15th century, nearly all the original vegetation has been cleared by widespread agriculture including the grazing of goats, sheep and cattle and the planting of imported crop species.

African slaves were brought to the islands to work on Portuguese plantations.

European ancestors also include Spanish and Italian seamen who were granted land by the Portuguese Empire, followed by Portuguese settlers, exiles, and Portuguese Jews who were victims of the Inquisition.

Most of them were Dutch, French, British ( English ), Arab and Jewish ( from Lebanon and Morocco ), Chinese ( especially from Macau ), American, and Brazilian ( including people of Portuguese and African descent ).

Apart from a visit by the French Parmentier brothers in 1529, for much of the 16th century the only Europeans to visit the islands were Portuguese ; British and Dutch ships began arriving at the turn of the century and the island of Ndzwani became a major supply point on the route to the East.

Some Chaosium products have been translated into French, Portuguese, Japanese, German, Spanish and Italian, and were available in France from Jeux Descartes, in Germany from Pegasus Press, in Spain from Joc Internacional and La factoría de ideas and in Italy from Stratelibri and Grifo Edizioni.

It belongs to the so-called plane chart model, where observed latitudes and magnetic directions are plotted directly into the plane, with a constant scale, as if the Earth were a plane ( Portuguese National Archives of Torre do Tombo, Lisbon ).

These new lands were divided between the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire, first by the papal bull Inter caetera and then by the Treaty of Tordesillas and the Treaty of Zaragoza ( 1529 ).

Between 1580 and 1640 the Crown of Portugal and the Crown of Spain were held by the same kings and therefore Casablanca and all other areas occupied by the Portuguese were under Spanish control, even though maintaining an autonomous Portuguese administration.