Prior to this, the flow of spice into Europe from India was controlled by Islamic powers, especially Egypt.

Prior to the Islamic Revolution many political organizations including but not limited to Fadaian Khalg and People's Mujahedin of Iran active members and supporters were among students of the Sharif University.

Prior to his career as a democratic reformist, Nabavi was considered an ideologue of the Iranian Islamic left until that force was sidelined by conservatives in the 1990s.

Prior to the Islamic conquest of Sindh by the Arabian armies of Muhammad Bin Qasim, the land where Mirpur Khas now stands used to be a thriving Buddhist settlement known as Kahoo Jo Daro.

Prior to the rise of Saladin, Egypt was the center of the Shia Fatimid Caliphate, the only period in Islamic history when a caliphate was ruled by members of the Shia branch of Islam.

Prior to the religious opposition generated by the Soviet invasion in 1979, Islamic leaders generally only entered the political sphere at various times of crisis but rarely exercised secular authority for long.

Prior to the Islamic Revolution in 1979, there were 80, 000 Jews in Iran, concentrated in Tehran ( 60, 000 ), Shiraz ( 8, 000 ), Kermanshah ( 4, 000 ), Isfahan ( 3, 000 ), the cities of Khuzistan, as well as Kashan, Sanandaj, Tabriz, and Hamedan.

Prior to the coup, the National Front was made up of four main parties ; the Iran Party, which was founded in 1946 as a platform for Iranian liberals, including figures such as Karim Sanjâbi, Gholam Hossein Sadighi, Ahmad Zirakzadeh and Allahyar Saleh ); the Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation ( a left-wing party that advocated a non-communist socialist Iran, led by Mozzafar Baghai and Khalil Maleki ); and the Mojâhedine Eslâm ( an Islamic party led by Âyatollâh Âbol-Ghâsem Kâšâni ).

Prior to the Islamic revolution in Iran and the cut off of diplomatic relations between the two countries, America and American universities were very popular among Iranians, and this popularity was a major force in drawing numerous Iranian students to the United States.

Prior to the Revolution, New Englanders consumed large quantities of rum and beer, as maritime trade provided them relatively easy access to the goods needed to produce these items: Rum was the distilled spirit of choice, as the main ingredient, molasses, was readily available from trade with the West Indies.

Prior to the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, Cuba maintained strong economic and political ties to the United States.

Prior to the Glorious Revolution of 1688, English judges were seen as " lions under the throne ", servile creatures of the King.

Prior to the Jasmine Revolution, Tunisia practiced internet censorship against popular websites such as YouTube.

Prior to the disbanding of The Revolution, Prince was working on two separate projects, The Revolution album Dream Factory and a solo effort, Camille.

Prior to the dissolution of the Sainte-Chapelle in 1803, following the French Revolution, the term " la Sainte-Chapelle royale " also referred not only to the building but to the chapelle itself, the Sainte-Chapelle ( choir ).

Prior to the French Revolution Saumur was the capital of the Sénéchaussée de Saumur, a bailiwick, that existed until 1793.

Prior to the French Revolution in 1789, it had been a royal town and the Château de Saint-Germain the residence of numerous French monarchs.

* French Fleur-De-Lis: Prior to the French Revolution, there was no national flag which represented France.

Prior to the American Revolution, this area was part of the territory of the Onondaga ( tribe ).

Prior to the industrial revolution, most iron was obtained from widely available goethite or bog ore, for example during the American Revolution and the Napoleonic wars.

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, coal and limestone were worked only on a modest scale for local consumption, but during the Industrial Revolution by the opening of canals, such as the Birmingham Canal Navigations, Stourbridge Canal and the Dudley Canal ( the Dudley Canal Line No 1 and the Dudley Tunnel ) opened up the mineral wealth of the area to exploitation.

Prior to its engagement in World War I, the Empire of Japan fought in two significant wars after its establishment following the Meiji Revolution.

Prior to the Quiet Revolution, the province's natural resources were mainly developed by foreign investors.

Prior to the American Revolution, Chew was friends with both George Washington and John Adams, and was a strong advocate for the colonies.

Prior to the American Revolution, some people had concerns about Methodist evangelism in the colonies that took no heed of established Anglican parishes.

Prior to the extensive division of labor and mechanization resulting from the Industrial Revolution, it was possible for workers to control the quality of their own products.

Prior to the American Revolution, in 1772, during a political meeting at the Warren's home, they formed the Committees of Correspondence along with Samuel Adams.

Prior to the war, France had been outraged over US trade with Britain and the refusal to repay war debts from the Revolution on grounds that they were owed to the French crown, not Revolutionary France.

Prior to the American Revolution, all of the British North American colonies had slavery, but the Revolutionary War gave impetus to a general anti-slavery sentiment.

Prior to the Russian Revolution, the Lezgins did not have a common self-designation as an ethnic group.

Prior to the outbreak of the war with Iran in September 1980, Iraq's economic prospects were bright.

Prior to the ascendancy of Anwar Sadat to president of Egypt in 1970, the Middle East had been an important arena in the global superpower competition, most lucidly displayed in the arms sales and cooperation between the American and Soviet governments with Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iran allied to The United States, and Egypt, Syria, and Iraq allied with the Soviet Union.

Prior to the fatwa, tobacco consumption had been so prevalent in Iran that it was smoked everywhere, including inside mosques.

Prior to the war, Khorramshahr had grown extensively to become Iran's primary non-oil port city, and home to some of the most sprawling neighborhoods in Iran.

Prior to 1919, the people of Persia ( Iran ) did not use surnames.

Prior to joining the Journal, she was an investigative reporter and roving foreign correspondent for The Star-Ledger of Newark, NJ, a local news reporter for The Providence Journal in Rhode Island and a stringer for The New York Times in Iran and New York City.

Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, all imports and exports of Iran with the USSR, Eastern Europe and Scandinavia were primarily carried out through Jolfa.

Prior to 1944, Iran was not served by a United States ambassador ; instead, a diplomatic minister was sent instead.

Prior to the Iranian Revolution of 1979, many Hindu-based missions that proselytize such as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness and Transcendental meditation, had locations in Iran.

Prior to 1979, the symbol < span style =" font-size: 112 %"></ span > ( script small l, U + 2113 ), came into common use in some countries ; for example, it was recommended by South African Bureau of Standards publication M33 and Canada in the 1970s.

Prior to 1979, Iran's economic development was rapid.

Prior to 1985, almost all finals were played in the 2-2-1-1-1 format ( although the 1971 finals between Milwaukee and Baltimore were on an alternate-home basis, some 1950s finals used the 2-3-2 format, and the 1975 Golden State-Washington and 1978 and 1979 Seattle-Washington finals were on a 1-2-2-1-1 basis ).

Prior publications introducing Western parents to this ancient practice include the booklet Conscious Toilet Training, by Laurie Boucke ( 1979 ), book Trickle Treat: Diaperless Infant Toilet Training Method, by Laurie Boucke ( 1991 ), a pamphlet entitled Elimination Timing, by Natec ( 1994 ), and the more extensive Infant Potty Training: A Gentle and Primeval Method Adapted to Modern Living, by Laurie Boucke ( 2000 ).

Prior to dedicating his professional life to politics, Hagen was CEO at Tate & Lyle Norway from 1970 to 1974, Consultant of Finansanalyse from 1977 to 1979, and economic policy consultant in the oil industry from 1979 to 1981.

Prior to his term as mayor, Hahn served in several other capacities for the city of Los Angeles, including Deputy City Attorney ( 1975 – 1979 ), City Controller ( 1981 – 1985 ) and City Attorney ( 1985 – 2001 ).

He had a large impact on the Conservative manifesto for the 1979 election, although frequently a compromise had to be reached with Heath's more moderate supporters such as James Prior.

Prior to his election to Parliament, he was a civil engineer with British Rail ( 1979 – 94 ) and Railtrack London North-East ( 1994-7 ), and a member of North Yorkshire County Council from 1989-93.

Prior to the 1979 general election he worked for Hill Samuel, a merchant bank.

Prior to becoming an MP he was Leader of Derby City Council from 1986 – 88 and again from 1994-97 having become a councillor in 1979.

Prior to 1979, Westminster's athletic teams were called the " Parsons ," and the school was a member of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference.

Prior to the 1979 – 80 season the Amerks were purchased by the Knox family, owners of the Buffalo Sabres ( NHL ) and became the Sabres AHL affiliate.

Prior to the events of Star Trek: The Motion Picture ( 1979 ), the Enterprise undergoes an 18-month refit overseen by its new commanding officer, Willard Decker ( Stephen Collins ).

Prior to becoming a coach, Trotz played for the WHL's Regina Pats from 1979 to 1982 winning the WHL Championship in 1980.

Prior to 1979, Hillandale was an estate owned by John Dustin Archbold's family.

Prior to becoming WDHT, the 102. 9 frequency was originally licensed to Springfield as WBLY-FM from 1958 to 1979, simulcasting middle of the road WBLY-AM before the FM switch to rock.

Prior to becoming well known, Guttenberg played the title role in the short-lived 1979 sitcom Billy as a teenage boy with a Walter Mitty complex.

Prior to competing in Miss World, she participated in Miss Universe and placed first runner-up to Miss Universe 1979, Maritza Sayalero of Venezuela.

Prior to being elected congressman, he was active in state and municipal governments, serving as assistant attorney general for Washington ; vice president and legal counsel for the Washington Environmental Council ; and Seattle City Councilman ( 1972 – 1979 ).

Prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, IRIB was known as National Iranian Radio & Television ( NIRT ).

Prior to 1979, US-66 came in from Missouri as Front Street and turned south on Main Street before joining K-66.

Prior to 1979, a Mention in Despatches was one of the few awards that could be made posthumously, the others being the Victoria Cross and George Cross.

Prior to McKee's record, the most ever won on a television game show was The Joker's Wild contestant Eileen Jason, who won $ 305, 280 ($ 250, 000 of which was won during the 1979 Tournament of Champions ).