According to Richard Dawkins, a distinction between agnosticism and atheism is unwieldy and depends on how close to zero we are willing to rate the probability of existence for any given god-like entity.

Richard Dawkins in his book River Out of Eden used the computer bootstrapping concept to explain how biological cells differentiate: " Different cells receive different combinations of chemicals, which switch on different combinations of genes, and some genes work to switch other genes on or off.

Why this should have happened is, to me, the most profound mystery facing modern biology " Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene.

According to Richard Dawkins in his book The Ancestor's Tale, chimps and bonobos may be descended from Australopithecus.

In the United Kingdom the term often retains its positive sense as a reference to natural selection, and for example Richard Dawkins wrote in his collection of essays A Devil's Chaplain, published in 2003, that as a scientist he is a Darwinist.

Dennett is referred to as one of the " Four Horsemen of New Atheism ", along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and the late Christopher Hitchens.

Dennett's views on evolution are identified as being strongly adaptationist, in line with his theory of the intentional stance, and the evolutionary views of biologist Richard Dawkins.

This stems from Gould's long-running public debate with E. O. Wilson and other evolutionary biologists over human sociobiology and its descendant evolutionary psychology, which Gould and Richard Lewontin opposed, but which Dennett advocated, together with Dawkins and Steven Pinker.

Mayr rejected the idea of a gene-centered view of evolution and starkly but politely criticized Richard Dawkins ' ideas:

* The ESS was a major element used to analyze evolution in Richard Dawkins ' bestselling 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

In The Selfish Gene, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins writes that " Blood-feuds and inter-clan warfare are easily interpretable in terms of Hamilton's genetic theory.

" In his book The God Delusion, the biologist Richard Dawkins sharply criticized Dyson for accepting the Templeton Prize in 2000.

In The Dawkins Delusion ?, Christian theologian Alister McGrath and his wife, psychologist Joanna Collicutt McGrath, compare Richard Dawkins ' " total dogmatic conviction of correctness " to " a religious fundamentalism which refuses to allow its ideas to be examined or challenged.

Richard Dawkins has rejected the charge of " fundamentalism ," arguing that critics mistake his " passion "— which he says may match that of evangelical Christians — for an inability to change his mind.

* Richard Dawkins ' The God Delusion and Atheist Fundamentalism by Simon Watson, published in Anthropoetics XV, 2 Spring 2010

* Natural ' Knowledge ' and Natural ' Design ' by Richard Dawkins

Richard Dawkins cited Jaynes ' ideas in his book The God Delusion, stating " It is one of those books that is either complete rubbish or a work of consummate genius, nothing in between ...".

Among its more famous critics are the evolutionary biologists Richard Dawkins, Ford Doolittle, and Stephen Jay Gould – notable, given the diversity of this trio's views on other scientific matters.

* Dawkins, Richard.

The word meme is a shortening ( modeled on gene ) of mimeme ( from Ancient Greek μίμημα mīmēma, " something imitated ", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, " to imitate ", from μῖμος mimos " mime ") and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ( 1976 ) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.

The word meme originated with Richard Dawkins ' 1976 book The Selfish Gene.

Richard Dawkins initially defined meme as a noun that " conveys the idea of a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation ".

Richard Dawkins noted the three conditions that must exist for evolution to occur:

Although social scientists such as Max Weber sought to understand and explain religion in terms of a cultural attribute, Richard Dawkins called for a re-analysis of religion in terms of the evolution of self-replicating ideas apart from any resulting biological advantages they might bestow.

Adrian Quiney wrote to his son Richard on October 29 and again perhaps the next day, since the bearer of the letter, the bailiff, was expected to reach London on November 1.

Richard Quiney the younger, a schoolboy of eleven, wrote a letter in Latin asking his father to buy copybooks ( `` chartaceos libellos ) '' ) for him and his brother.

Journalist Richard Steele interviewed Selkirk about his adventures and wrote a much-read article about him in The Englishman.

In 1983 political satirist / novelist Richard Condon (" The Manchurian Candidate ") wrote " A Trembling Upon Rome ," a novel of historical fiction about the life of Baldassare Cossa.

Bartók's large-scale orchestral works were still in the style of Johannes Brahms and Richard Strauss, but he wrote a number of small piano pieces which showed his growing interest in folk music.

Bartók wrote another ballet, The Miraculous Mandarin influenced by Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, as well as Richard Strauss.

In the Victory At Sea suite, Richard Rodgers wrote " Beneath The Southern Cross " to depict the battleships in convoy and the loneliness of the sailors in the Southern Pacific during World War II.

When his colleague Richard Courant wrote the now classic Methods of Mathematical Physics including some of Hilbert's ideas, he added Hilbert's name as author even though Hilbert had not directly contributed to the writing.

" In Time magazine, Richard Corliss wrote, " John Carpenter is offering this summer's moviegoers a rare opportunity: to escape from the air-conditioned torpor of ordinary entertainment into the hothouse humidity of their own paranoia.

Shakespeare almost certainly wrote the role of Hamlet for Richard Burbage.

This criticism did not match the typical idealized, romantic view of Richard the Lion-Hearted that was popular when Scott wrote the book, and yet it accurately echoes the way King Richard is often judged by historians today.

" Richard Kluger, reviewing it for Harper's Magazine wrote: " Extraordinary ... literally staggering ... one of the most powerful books I have ever read.

Hoover, perhaps at the behest of Richard Nixon, investigated ex-Beatle John Lennon by putting the singer under surveillance, and Hoover wrote this letter to the Attorney General in 1972.

The poet Richard Barnfield wrote that Dowland's " heavenly touch upon the lute doth ravish human sense.

The British historian Richard Overy wrote that what Hitler thought he was starting in September 1939 was only a local war between Germany and Poland, and his decision to do so was largely because he vastly underestimated the risks of a general war.

One group of chroniclers wrote early in John's life, or around the time of his accession, including Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto.

However, sexologists Richard von Krafft-Ebbing from Germany, and Britain's Havelock Ellis wrote some of the earliest and more enduring categorizations of female same-sex attraction, approaching it as a form of insanity.

Benjamin Franklin was a proponent in the 1770s ; the Honourable Artillery Company had an archer company between 1784 and 1794 ; and a man named Richard Mason wrote a book proposing the arming of militia with pike and longbow in 1798.

In 2004 Richard Jones wrote Soft Machines ( nanotechnology and life ), a book for lay audiences published by Oxford University.

The English cleric Richard Cumberland wrote a lengthy and influential attack on Hobbes's depiction of individual self-interest as the essential feature of human motivation.

By 1598, they were so famous, London poet and sonneteer Richard Barnefield wrote:

In 1976, Richard Posner and William Landes coined the term " super-precedent ," in an article they wrote about testing theories of precedent by counting citations.

Economist Richard C. Koo wrote that under ideal conditions, a country's economy should have the household sector as net savers and the corporate sector as net borrowers, with the government budget nearly balanced and net exports near zero.