Since the mass numbers of these are 12, 13 and 14 respectively, the three isotopes of carbon are known as carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14, often abbreviated to < sup > 12 </ sup > C, < sup > 13 </ sup > C, and < sup > 14 </ sup > C.

Since diamond also consists of carbon arranged in a crystalline lattice ( though of a different configuration ), scientists have nicknamed this star " Lucy " after the Beatles song " Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds.

Since unsaturated fats contain fewer carbon-hydrogen bonds than saturated fats with the same number of carbon atoms, unsaturated fats will yield slightly less energy during metabolism than saturated fats with the same number of carbon atoms.

Since originally taking interest in climate studies in the 1970s, Dyson has suggested that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere could be controlled by planting fast-growing trees.

Since carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, and poses a potentially fatal threat, detectors have become commercially available to warn of dangerous levels in residences.

Since in organic chemistry non-carbons usually are considered to replace carbon atoms, they are called heteroatoms, meaning ' different from carbon and hydrogen ' ( rings of heteroatoms of the same element are homocyclic ).

Automobile exhaust gas capture has also been proposed to be economical but would require extensive design changes or retrofitting .< ref name = Musadi2011 > Since carbonic acid in seawater is in chemical equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, extraction of carbon from seawater has been studied.

Since the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths ( 280 – 315 nm ) of ultraviolet light ( UV light ) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere, observed and projected decreases in ozone have generated worldwide concern leading to adoption of the Montreal Protocol that bans the production of CFCs, halons, and other ozone-depleting chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethane.

Since the complete combustion of both of these carbon compounds produce carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) and water ( H < sub > 2 </ sub > O ), there is more bond-breaking and bond-making when Methane is burnt.

Since photosynthesis is also limited by ambient carbon dioxide levels, light curves are often repeated at several different constant carbon dioxide concentrations.

Since 2001, carbon dioxide, R-744, has increasingly been used, utilizing the transcritical cycle.

Since GHG emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels are closely related to the carbon content of the respective fuels, a tax on these emissions can be levied by taxing the carbon content of fossil fuels at any point in the product cycle of the fuel.

Since the EGR system recirculates a portion of exhaust gases, over time the valve can become clogged with carbon deposits that prevent it from operating properly.

Since there is one carbon on each side of the arrow, the first atom ( carbon ) is balanced.

Since carbon dioxide indoors comes from occupants and outdoor air, the adequacy of ventilation per occupant is indicated by the concentration indoors minus the concentration outdoors.

Since then, carbonated water is made by passing pressurized carbon dioxide through water.

Since cooking and cleaning will tend to destroy the impregnated oil it is important to repeat this process whenever the griddle exhibits excessive sticking or carbon buildup-daily seasoning of the griddle surface is common.

Since the Supreme Court's decision of that year this is more doubtful ; ;

( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity, it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order, something permanent and unchanging.

Since it is not far from Viareggio, he will visit Puccini's house, as he never fails to do, to pay his respects to the memory of the composer of La Boheme, which he considers one of Puccini's masterpieces.

Since attack serves to stimulate interest in broadcasts, I added to my opening statement a sentence in which I claimed that German youth seemed to lack the enthusiasm which is a necessary ingredient of anger, and might be classified as uninterested and bored rather than angry.

Since the air is a continuum, the network of communication remains intact regardless of the positions or motions of the points ( the people ) in the net.

Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.

Since the difficulty of drawing the net is great, we will merely discuss it.

Since a civilizational crisis involves also a crisis in private interests and in the ruling class, reaction is normally found among those who feel themselves to be among the ruling class.

Since civilizational change is the most difficult to perceive and analyze, it seldom is given adequate attention.

Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.

Since more is known about Quiney than about any other acquaintance of Shakespeare in Stratford, his career may be followed to its sudden end in 1602.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Since Laos is of no more purely military value to Moscow itself than it is to Washington, this approach might be expected to head off Mr. Khrushchev for the moment.

Since little is known about autism, and almost nothing has been written for the layman, we'd like to share one experienced mother's comments.

Since the work is done by hand, the only limitation, it is said, `` is that of human conception ''.

Since the apparatus is new, it requires experimentation and changes in technique.

Since the obvious is not always true, the Republican National Committee wisely analyzed its defeat of last autumn and finds that it occurred, as suspected, in the larger cities.

Since he has just shown who is top dog, he may not be ready to receive this highest honor in the gift of the Soviet people.

Since appeals to morality, to humanity, and to sanity have had such small effect, perhaps our last recourse is the deterrent example.

Since the goal of our international planners is a World Government, this Atlantic Community would mark a giant step in that direction for, once American economic autonomy is absorbed, a larger grouping is a question of time.

Since strong nociceptive stimuli produce an experimental neurosis during which the animals fail to eat in the experimental situation, Wolpe thought that he could utilize the feeding-pain antagonism to inhibit the neurotic symptoms through feeding.

Since the writer had established this democratic procedure in the beginning he had to go along with their decision -- after, of course, pointing out whether he thought their decision was a wise or an unwise one.

Since Congress was in recess, Johnson thought he could suspend Stanton without Senate approval and avoid violating the Tenure of Office Act.

Since computers can make arithmetic calculations much faster and more accurately than humans, it was thought to be only a short matter of time before the technical details could be taken care of that would allow them the same remarkable capacity to process language.

Since the Byzantine army was still holding on after this defeat the sultan thought it was time to set up his secret weapon, a huge mobile tower.

Since Chinese traditional thought focuses more on ethics rather than metaphysics, it has developed several schools distinct from the originating Indian schools.

" Since my mind has been engaged in the service of the lotus feet of Lord Krsna, and I have been enjoying an ever new transcendental humor, whenever I think of sex life with a woman, my face at once turns from it, and I spit at the thought.

Since the observation of the Champagne Supernova in 2003, more very bright type Ia supernovae are thought to have originated by white dwarfs whose masses exceeded the Chandrasekhar limit.

Since the turn of the 21st century, many aspects of animal communication, animal emotions, animal culture, learning, and even sexual conduct that experts long thought they understood, have been reexamined, and new conclusions reached.

Since buckminsterfullerenes have a shape similar to that sort of dome, the name was thought appropriate.

Since black holes are exact solutions of Einstein's equations, they were thought not to have any entropy either.

According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the " classical definition of income :" the 1938 Haig-Simons definition, " income may be defined as the ... sum of ( 1 ) the market value of rights exercised in consumption and ( 2 ) the change in the value of the store of property rights ..." Since the consumption potential of non-monetary goods, such as leisure, cannot be measured, monetary income may be thought of as a proxy for full income.

Since Crawfurd was Scottish, he thought the Scottish " race " superior and all others inferior ; whilst Hunt, on the other hand, believed in the supremacy of the Anglo-Saxon " race ".

Since M-theory is thought to operate in 11 dimensions this problem then becomes very difficult.

Since the University of Illinois was unhappy with the company's use of the Mosaic name, the company changed its name to Netscape Communications ( thought up by Product Manager Greg Sands ) and named its flagship web browser Netscape Navigator.

If one adds two whole parts the result is one whole and if one whole is subtracted from another whole the result is another whole-it means there is one whole universe and it is all prevaded by " Him ". Since the universe has come forth from the Divine, all things and beings are sacred and must be treated so in human thought and action.

Since Lowell astronomers thought Pluto was massive enough to perturb planets, they assumed that it should have an albedo of 0. 07 ( meaning that it reflected only 7 % of the light that hit it ); about as dark as asphalt and similar to that of Mercury, the least reflective planet known.

Since Whitehead, process thought is distinguished from Hegel in that it describes entities which arise or coalesce in becoming, rather than being simply dialectically determined from prior posited determinates.

Since the 1990s, new discoveries and more thorough study of old specimens have shown that crests are far more widespread among pterosaurs than previously thought, due mainly to the fact that they were frequently extended by or composed completely of keratin, which does not fossilize as often as bone.

Although catalysis of the peptide bond involves the C2 hydroxyl of RNA's P-site ( see Function section below ) adenosine in a protein shuttle mechanism, other steps in protein synthesis ( such as translocation ) are caused by changes in protein conformations. Since their catalytic core is made of RNA, ribosomes are classified as " ribozymes ," and it is thought that they might be remnants of the RNA world.

Since many of the Mitzvot themselves are thought to postdate the Book ( s ) of Samuel ( according to the documentary hypothesis ), Chronicles is probably making its claim based on religious bias.

Since it was his long-standing advocacy of Athenian naval power which enabled the Allied fleet to fight at all, and it was his stratagem that brought about the Battle of Salamis, it is probably not an exaggeration to say, as Plutarch does, that Themistocles " is thought to have been the man most instrumental in achieving the salvation of Hellas ".

Since the field is non-local and quantized, the phenomena which previously were thought of as paradoxes are explained.

Since the Indic writing systems used for Sanskrit are syllabic, each syllable can be thought of as representing a square on a chess board.

Since it has been thought that Dál Riata swallowed Pictland to create the Kingdom of Alba, the later history of Dál Riata has tended to be seen as a prelude to future triumphs.