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Page "Seigniorage" ¶ 17
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Since and costs
Since marginal costs rise when the wage rate rises, the profit-maximizing price also rises when the public-limit price is elevated, and is likely to remain well above the latter.
Since this book is concerned only incidentally with railroad rates, it will not attempt to analyze the methods by which the staff of the Interstate Commerce Commission has estimated out-of-pocket costs and apportioned residue costs.
Since being liberalized in 1991, the Colombian telecommunications sector has added new services, expanded coverage, improved efficiency, and lowered costs.
Since the quality of most services depends largely on the quality of the individuals providing the services, it is true that " people costs " are a high component of service costs.
Since each firm has large initial costs, as the firm gains market share and increases its output the fixed cost ( what they initially invested ) is divided among a larger number of customers.
Since the creation of heavier nuclei by fusion costs energy, nature resorts to the process of neutron capture.
Since remote memory cards are more accessible and have lower costs, remote memory phone cards have proliferated.
Since then, and to help reduce costs, the remaining submarine sections are recycled, returning reusable materials to production.
Since the planned outcomes are the desired ends of the project, they form a relatively stable set of categories in which the costs of the planned actions needed to achieve them can be collected.
Since telecommunications costs were coming down, banks and brokerage firms could move away from Wall Street to more affordable locations.
Since the road network is placed under ground at the initial construction of the city the roads do not have to be dug in but can be included as an additional " basement layer " under all buildings, something that should keep construction costs affordable.
Since cnidae are " single use " cells, and this costs a lot of energy, in order to regulate discharge, cnidocytes are connected as " batteries ", containing several types of cnidocytes connected to supporting cells and neurons.
Since the early 1990s, Ontario has implemented several systematic reforms to reduce health care costs.
Since costs of computers has fallen, some sites opt for fully redundant Archives, rather than just protecting the drives through RAID.
Since September 2010 the towncouncil, decided to stop the cooperation between the municipalities because of the high costs and too low benefit.
Since then, most local manufacturers have moved their production facilities to Asia and Mexico as a way to reduce costs and remain competitive in a global market.
Since the MacSharry reforms, cereal prices have been closer to the equilibrium level, there is greater transparency in costs of agricultural support and the ' de-coupling ' of income support from production support has begun.
Since the costs of the school surpassed the family's means, the boy was supported by public resources and spent his school years in a dwelling for poor students ; he was given special attention and instruction by the rector of the Gymnasium, Georg Nikolaus Köhler, who sparked his interest in languages, loaned him Greek texts, and devised special exercises in which the boy had to reconstruct intelligible texts from fragments.
Since the late 1990s, there has been a resurgence in the popularity of analog synthesizers spurred on by physical standardization practices, an increase in ' retro ' gear and interest, decreased production costs and increased electronic reliability and stability, the rediscovered ability of modules to control things other than sound, and a generally heightened education through the development of virtual synthesis systems such as MAX / MSP and Pd.
Since costs and advantages are usually considered in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts, full or true cost efforts are collectively called the " triple bottom line ".
Since Champ Car's restructuring, a desire to keep costs down and the existence of one engine manufacturer has helped to create a series with far more parity than its European-based cousin.
Since non-recurring engineering costs are minimized and development cost is spread over multiple units, the cost of such systems is improved.

Since and Mint
Since 1980, the Tic Tac line has been " The 1½ Calorie Breath Mint.
Since then, the Mint ’ s refinery has undergone several changes and expansions.
Since opening its doors in 1976, the Mint ’ s Winnipeg facility has produced coinage for over 70 countries: centavos for Cuba, kroner for Norway, fils for Yemen, pesos for Colombia, kroner for Iceland, baht for Thailand, and a thousand-dollar coin for Hong Kong.
Since 2007, Nepalese rupee banknotes have been produced by Perum Peruri, the National Mint Public Company of Indonesia.
Since the silver dollar was still in use, but had last been recorded as produced in 1804, Mint employees struck several dollars with an 1804 date.
Since its conception in 1991, Mint has put out over 130 releases.
Since 1989 MBUK has carried the ovine-based cartoon strip, ' Mint Sauce ', the tales of a mountain-biking sheep and his friends.
Since there was little interest in the coin as a circulating medium, most were placed in United States Mint and Federal Reserve vaults throughout the country, and mintage ceased after 1981.
Since 1975, the San Francisco Mint has been used only for proof coinage, with the exception of the Susan B. Anthony dollar from 1979 – 81 and a portion of the mintage of cents in the early 1980s.
Since the establishment of the United States Mint Police, one officer has died in the line of duty.

Since and about
Since he introduces so much modern music, I could not resist asking how he felt about it.
Since more is known about Quiney than about any other acquaintance of Shakespeare in Stratford, his career may be followed to its sudden end in 1602.
Since little is known about autism, and almost nothing has been written for the layman, we'd like to share one experienced mother's comments.
Since her bereavement this individual has reported to the writer on numerous occasions about how helpful the class discussions were to her in this adjustment crisis.
Since the A.L.A.M. holdings embraced only about twenty-five per cent of motor vehicle patents, the denial of rights to independent companies did not retard technical progress in unlicensed sectors of the industry.
Since the difference between the U. S. and International acre is only about a quarter of the size of an A4 sheet of paper ( 0. 016 square metres, 160 square centimetres or 24. 8 square inches ), it is usually not important which one is being discussed.
Since about 2005, computer scientists have attempted to develop automated methods to infer aesthetic quality of images.
Since about 2001, territorial defence forces, which as of 2002 number around 150, 000, have been forming, organized into battalions, companies, and platoons spread across Belarus.
Since independence, Botswana has had the highest average economic growth rate in the world, averaging about 9 % per year from 1966 to 1999.
Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of perhaps 250, 000 people and the displacement of about 800, 000 others.
Since the Persian force obviously contained a high proportion of missile troops, a static defensive position would have made little sense for the Athenians ; the strength of the hoplite was in the melee, and the sooner that could be brought about, the better, from the Athenian point of view.
Since about 2005, Oi Polloi ( from Scotland ) have recorded in Scottish Gaelic.
Since 1987 the Congress operates in the port city of Valparaíso, about 110 kilometers (~ 70 mi.
Since most people, and most cultures, substantially agree about most pure ethical situations, casuistry often creates ethical arguments that can persuade people of different ethnic, religious and philosophical beliefs to treat particular cases in the same ways.
Since that time, the rate of crater production on Earth has been considerably lower, but it is appreciable nonetheless ; Earth experiences from one to three impacts large enough to produce a 20 km diameter crater about once every million years on average.
Since the design of such high-end chips nominally takes about five years to complete, to stay competitive a company has to fund at least two of these large design teams to release products at the rate of 2. 5 years per product generation.
Since the tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystems on Earth and about 80 % of the world's known biodiversity could be found in tropical rainforests, removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.
Since the great majority of people who first attempted to transcribe Chinese were not linguists ( and even if they were, the principles of modern phonemics were not discovered for another two centuries ), their endeavour was marred by a lack of systematic approach and many contemporary European misconceptions about language.
Since early childhood Don Rosa had been fascinated by Carl Barks ' stories about Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck.
Since 1990, Estonia lost about 15 % of its population ( 230, 000 people ).
Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, not machines or techniques.
Since history and memory ( representations of or belief about the past ) are distinct in all philosophy and ontology from plan, vision or intent ( representations of or will to change the future ), statements that confuse these are category errors: No statement about history or memory can imply a similar statement about a plan or vision or intent, nor vice versa-a distinction sometimes credited to Hume who distinguished also the morality of a statement from its truth.

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