Since Edward Simpson did not actually discover this statistical paradox, some writers, instead, have used the impersonal names reversal paradox and amalgamation paradox in referring to what is now called Simpson's Paradox and the Yule-Simpson effect.

Since the amalgamation of New Toronto into Etobicoke in 1967 and Etobicoke into Toronto in 1997, St. Teresa has been challenged by the deindustrialisation of New Toronto which has led to an exodus of working families to newer suburbs.

Since the amalgamation of Alliston, Beeton and Tottenham under the Town of New Tecumseth, New Tecumseth Fire Rescue has 3 stations with a total force of 105 personnel.

Since the 1990s the left has dominated as the Old City of Toronto shifted to the left, but amalgamation in 1997 added many suburban areas with more right-leaning voters.

Since the amalgamation, the regiment itself has not been involved in any hostilities but has constantly provided individuals to augment the Regular Force in both NATO and United Nations peacekeeping duties as well as domestic operations such as Operation RECUPERATION during the Ice Storm of 1998.

Since the amalgamation of the Gloucestershire Regiment, this tradition has been assumed by the 1st Battalion, Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Light Infantry until its amalgamation into The Rifles in 2007.

Since amalgamation took place, it is less clear whether " Birkenhead " includes Verrans Corner, Birkdale and Beach Haven.

Since amalgamation, it has been sometimes referred to as Miramichi East.

Since that time, during the next twenty years, there was a process of administrative amalgamation of neighboring settlements within the limits of Kohtla-Järve.

Since its establishment, it has merged the Auxiliary Police forces of CIAS, PSA Corporation and ST Kinetics as a result of an amalgamation exercise initiated by Temasek Holdings ..

Since amalgamation, apparatus numbers are numbered by a letter and 3 digits.

Since amalgamation, the Symphony Orchestra Musicians Association ( SOMA ) & the NSW Artworkers Union have joined the Alliance, a Professional Sports Branch has been created & the Screen Technicians Association of Australia ( STAA ) reconstituted itself under the Alliance banner.

Since then the corporate headquarters have moved to New York City at 1 Park Avenue in Manhattan.

Since 2001, both baronies have been redesignated the City of Dublin.

Since 1926, the telephone service was operated by the City Council.

Since its inception in 1857, the City Market has been one of the largest and most enduring public farmers ' markets in the midwest, linking growers and small businesses to the Kansas City community.

Since August 19, 1991, Romania has an embassy in Luxembourg City.

Since then, former next-door neighbor RKO closed up shop in 1957 ; Warner Bros. ( whose old Sunset Boulevard studio was sold to Paramount in 1949 as a home for KTLA ) moved to Burbank in 1930 ; Columbia joined Warners in Burbank in 1973 then moved again to Culver City in 1989 ; and the Pickford-Fairbanks-Goldwyn-United Artists lot, after a lively history, has been turned into a post-production and music-scoring facility for Warners, known simply as " The Lot ".

Since 2000, Saks has closed a number of locations, including White Plains, Garden City, and Southampton in New York, as well as other suburban, and " downtown " locations around the country.

Since its first meeting, the Council, which exists in continuous session, has travelled widely, holding meetings in many cities, such as Paris and Addis Ababa, as well as at its current permanent home at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

Since 1970, the Pontifical Swiss Guard has been the only active military of the Vatican City.

Since the beginning of the transition, foreign donors have funded no less than ten urban transport plans and studies for Tirana, prepared mainly by foreign consultants ( in some cases invited by the City, in others hired directly by the donor organization ).

Since 2002 Smale is a Professor at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago ; starting August 1, 2009, he is also a Distinguished University Professor at the City University of Hong Kong.

Since 1435, the Lord Mayor has been chosen from amongst the Aldermen of the City of London.

Since 2009, Hasle, a psychiatrist, who was acknowledged by the artist and had his parentage legally established in France in the 1980s, has been party to a lawsuit with the City of Paris to establish his claim to his father's estate.

Since that time former Green Party of British Columbia leader, and deputy-leader of the federal Green party, Adriane Carr won the Greens ' first seat on Vancouver City Council, in 2011 municipal elections.

Since consolidation with New York City in 1898, Brooklyn has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides for a " strong " mayor-council system.

Since 1990 the Borough President has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York state government, and corporations.

Since 1996, the City has staged open-air theatre shows based on the Lutheran history still alive in many historical places of the ancient town.

Since then the southern part ( from Poughkeepsie south ) of the county has developed into a largely residential area, suburban in character, with many of its residents commuting to jobs in New York City.

Since 1996 Gower has been part of the City and County of Swansea.

Since 2001, these have been led by democratically elected local councils, each headed by a Nazim ( the word means " supervisor " in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as Mayor ). Some districts, incorporating large metropolitan areas, are called City District.

Since the 2000 Census, the Census Bureau has added Summit and Tooele counties to the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, but removed Davis and Weber counties and designated them as the separate Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area.

Since 1979 Salt Lake City has had a nonpartisan mayor-council form of government.

" Since then, kosher Subways have opened in New York, Los Angeles, Kansas City, and Baltimore, and plans were announced for Milwaukee and Boston.

Since the introduction of these low floor Combino trams on the route, accessible stops have been built in Bourke Street, Fitzroy Street and St Kilda Esplanade, increasing customer safety and comfort.

( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity, it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order, something permanent and unchanging.

Since 1944 he has also conducted regularly at the San Francisco Opera, where he made his debut with a memorable performance of Verdi's Falstaff.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Those famous lines of the Greek Anthology with which a fading beauty dedicates her mirror at the shrine of a goddess reveal a wise attitude: `` Venus, take my votive glass, Since I am not what I was, What from this day I shall be, Venus, let me never see ''.

Since the Connally amendment has the effect of giving the same right to the other party to a dispute with the United States, it also prevents us from using the court effectively.

Since ordinary breakfast-table conversation was impossible, it was at least something that they were able to offer Eugene the sugar bowl with their sugar in it, and the plate of bread and butter, and that Eugene could return the pitcher of hot milk to them handle first.

Since these duties fit neatly with those of the proposed presidential aide, one person, with adequate staff assistance, could fill both jobs.

Since brevity is the soul of ambiguity as well as wit, newspaper headlines continually provide us with amusing samples.

Since the absorption of radio waves in rocklike material varies with wave length, it should be possible to sample the temperature variation at different depths beneath the surface and possibly detect changes in the structure or composition of the lunar surface material.

Since D' and N' commute with one another and Af, we see that D' and N' commute with T.

Since a ruled surface of order N with N concurrent generators is necessarily a cone, it follows finally that every line through a point, P, of **zg meets its image at P, as asserted.

Since the writer had established this democratic procedure in the beginning he had to go along with their decision -- after, of course, pointing out whether he thought their decision was a wise or an unwise one.

Since the details of the elections were settled the change of government had no direct effect on the technical aspects of the elections, and may have been more important as an indication of royal displeasure with the U.N.F.P.

Since this type of item was not in the statute when section 381 was enacted in 1954, one cannot say with certainty what effect the enactment of that section should have.

Since on the one hand school desegregation has come in Virginia hand-in-glove with pupil assignment, shall we support the plan??

Since this book is concerned only incidentally with railroad rates, it will not attempt to analyze the methods by which the staff of the Interstate Commerce Commission has estimated out-of-pocket costs and apportioned residue costs.

Since the strength of the Mexicans had been underrated, too small a posse had been collected, and since the deputy had not been provided with search warrants, MacPherson and his men decided it was much wiser to withdraw.

Since they commonly translate thoughts and feelings into deeds, hands naturally represent action, and since nearly half the characters in Great Expectations are of the underworld or closely allied to it, the linking of hands with crime or violence is not to be wondered at.

Since by the principle of optimality the remaining stages use an optimal Af-stage policy with respect to Af, we may enter section Af of the table at this state Af and read off the optimal policy for stage Af and the resulting state Af.

Since the earth is rotating and the unleveled gyro-stabilized platform is fixed with respect to a reference in space, an observer on the earth will see the platform rotating ( with respect to the earth ).

Since Mr. Clark believes firmly that the chewing of hard foods helps develop healthy gums and teeth, raw vegetables and raw whole-wheat grains are handed out with fresh fruit and whole-wheat cookies at snack time in the afternoons.