Since the invention of the MIDI system in the early 1980s, for example, some people have worked on programs which map MIDI notes to an algorithm and then can either output sounds or music through the computer's sound card or write an audio file for other programs to play.

Since recuperating from the heart surgery, Bowie has reduced his musical output, making only one-off appearances on stage and in the studio.

Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, the signal may easily be altered using electronic circuits to add " color " to the sound.

Since each firm has large initial costs, as the firm gains market share and increases its output the fixed cost ( what they initially invested ) is divided among a larger number of customers.

Since there is no feedback from the output to either input, this is an open loop circuit acting as a comparator.

Since Seychelles ' independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level.

Since the final RF amplification is now concentrated in a single sideband, the effective power output is greater than in normal AM ( the carrier and redundant sideband account for well over half of the power output of an AM transmitter ).

Since the E1 component of nuclear EMP depends on the prompt gamma ray output, which was only 0. 1 % of yield in Starfish Prime but can be 0. 5 % of yield in pure fission weapons of low yield, a 10 kiloton bomb can easily be 5 x 8 % = 40 % as powerful as the 1. 44 megaton Starfish Prime at producing EMP.

Since a single integrated circuit can provide a complete phase-locked-loop building block, the technique is widely used in modern electronic devices, with output frequencies from a fraction of a hertz up to many gigahertz.

Since plasma has minimal mass, but is charged and therefore can be manipulated by an electric field, the result is a very linear output at frequencies far higher than the audible range.

Since 3D models are the typical primary output for CAD design, users in these industries require an efficient and accurate method of generating 2D computational drawings directly from the 3D models.

Since 1987, however, backyard barrel burning has showed almost no decrease, and is now the largest source of dioxin emissions, producing about one third of the total output.

Since the inhibitory output is reduced by cholinergic input to the cerebral cortex, this provides the brainstem with adjustable " gain control for the relay of lemnsical inputs ".

Since failure probabilities on fault trees tend to be small ( less than. 01 ), P ( A ∩ B ) usually becomes a very small error term, and the output of an OR gate may be conservatively approximated by using an assumption that the inputs are mutually exclusive events:

Since most ROMs do not have input or output registers, they cannot be used stand-alone for sequential logic.

Since the load resistance is large compared to the other resistances, the output voltage will be approximately:

Since the output voltage is proportional to the number of turns, generators could be easily designed to produce any desired voltage by varying the number of turns.

Since the input, calculations and output were all mixed on a sheet, changing the layout could lead to serious problems if data moved.

Since the early 1980s, Japan has produced a significant output of characteristically harsh bands, sometimes referred to under the portmanteau Japanoise, with perhaps the most well known being Merzbow ( pseudonym for the Japanese noise artist Masami Akita who himself was inspired by the Dada artist Kurt Schwitters's Merz art project of psychological collage ).

Since the output of this factory constituted one third of the country's ration allocation, this led to a severe strain on the supply of margarine in the UK.

Since it has the capacity to amplify the current output many a times a normal transistor configuration.

Since impedance varies inversely with capacitance, the internode capacitance, C, will be seen to have been replaced by a capacitance of KC from input to ground and a capacitance of ( K-1 ) C / K from output to ground.

Since input data fields were in any case frequently built from the output of earlier computer processing, the actual probability of a field containing invalid data was exceedingly low and usually the result of some ' corruption '.

Since then, he has essentially become the face of the BBC's output on science and the history of science, but at the same time is heavily critical of the standard of science output on British television ( including, to a certain extent, his own programmes ), which he sees as dumbed down.

Since then, there has been a notable increase in the number of stations and also the accumulation of additional data and the development of new techniques for using it, leading to a better understanding of propagation phenomena.

Since then, there have been many refinements to increase the field of view, mass and position resolution, and data acquisition rate of the instrument.

Since database structures are complex, in most cases, and especially for not-very-simple queries, the needed data for a query can be collected from a database by accessing it in different ways, through different data-structures, and in different orders.

Since database structures are complex, in most cases, and especially for not-very-simple queries, the needed data for a query can be collected from a database by accessing it in different ways, through different data-structures, and in different orders.

Since the overwhelming majority of scientists accept the modern evolutionary synthesis as the best explanation of current data, the term is seldom used in the scientific community ; to say someone is a scientist implies acceptance of evolutionary views, unless specifically noted otherwise.

Since about 93 % of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.

Since about year 2000, with the power of computers to crunch vast quantities of data, a new career has been invented.

Since the data goes through the computer, people tend to believe it:

Since its inception it has broadened to find applications in many other areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography, neurobiology, the evolution and function of molecular codes, model selection in ecology, thermal physics, quantum computing, plagiarism detection and other forms of data analysis.

Since " information " in electronic media is often used synonymously with " data ", the term information explosion is closely related to the concept of data flood also dubbed data deluge.

* interface to personal computers: Since the late 1990s, most pumps can interface with personal computers for managing and documenting pump programming and / or to upload data from the pump.

Since the inception of the theories, various studies have expanded the range of possible cycles, finding longer or shorter cycles in the data.

Since RFC 2822, conforming message header names and values should be ASCII characters ; values that contain non-ASCII data should use the MIME encoded-word syntax ( RFC 2047 ) instead of a literal string.

Since processors are built to interpret and process digital data, i. e. 1s and 0s, they are not able to do anything with the analog signals that may be sent to it by a device.

Since no accurate data were recorded, it is only possible to give estimates on the size and population of these nesting areas.

Since there is no correlation between a peer and the content managed by it, there is no guarantee that flooding will find a peer that has the desired data.

Since these used Socket 2 / 3, some modifications had to be made to compensate for the 32-bit data bus and slower on-board L2 cache of 486-motherboards.

Since transmit data and receive data are separate circuits, the interface can operate in a full duplex manner, supporting concurrent data flow in both directions.

Since it only depends on two of the observations, it is most useful in representing the dispersion of small data sets.

Since throughput is normally defined in terms of quantified digital data, the term ' throughput ' is not normally used ; the term ' bandwidth ' is more often used instead.