Since RNA is charged, metal ions such as Mg < sup > 2 +</ sup > are needed to stabilise many secondary and tertiary structures.

Since the 1970s specialized FE colleges called “ tertiary colleges ” have been set up to offer courses such as A Levels, that allow progression to HE, alongside vocational courses.

Since the economic reforms of the 1990s and the introduction of user pays in tertiary education, students associations and the national body have shifted their focus to challenging inequities in the student loan scheme and high levels of student debt.

Since the beginning of 1995, it has been involved in dispensing tertiary level programmes in collaboration with overseas institutions through the distance mode.

Since the Act of 2009, Dzongkhag Thromde Tshogdes, Gyelyong Thromde Tshogdus, and chiwogs have been replaced by thromdes ( municipalities ) as tertiary administrative divisions.

Since the 1950s, Toowoomba has added the provision of tertiary services, military installations, public service departments to its traditional role as a commercial, agricultural and educational centre.

Since July 2008, MOE subsidises tertiary education at UniSIM for eligible adult Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents as part of the national initiative to promote continuing education and training.

Since the absorption of radio waves in rocklike material varies with wave length, it should be possible to sample the temperature variation at different depths beneath the surface and possibly detect changes in the structure or composition of the lunar surface material.

Since the Belgian Blue ’ s bone structure is the same as a normal cow, however holding a greater amount of muscle, causes them to have a greater meat to bone ratio.

Since a maximal ideal in A is closed, is a Banach algebra that is a field, and it follows from the Gelfand-Mazur theorem that there is a bijection between the set of all maximal ideals of A and the set Δ ( A ) of all nonzero homomorphisms from A to C. The set Δ ( A ) is called the " structure space " or " character space " of A, and its members " characters.

Since the time of Pāṇini, at least, linguists have described the grammars of languages in terms of their block structure, and described how sentences are recursively built up from smaller phrases, and eventually individual words or word elements.

Since 1978, the Communist Party has attempted to institutionalize transitions of power and consolidate its internal structure.

Since Cauchy sequences can also be defined in general topological groups, an alternative to relying on a metric structure for defining completeness and constructing the completion of a space is to use a group structure.

Since the corona has been photographated at high resolution in the X-rays by the satellite Skylab in 1973, and then later by Yohkoh and the other following space instruments, it has been seen that the structure of the corona is very various and complex: different zones have been immediately classified on the coronal disc

Since then, other variant designs involving building an artificial structure or series of structures to encompass a star have been proposed in exploratory engineering or described in science fiction under the name " Dyson sphere.

Since end 2009, the Navy's structure became simplified.

Since the 2007 election, the party's structure has significantly weakened.

Since 2001, 40 non-natural amino acids have been added into protein by creating a unique codon ( recoding ) and a corresponding transfer-RNA: aminoacyl – tRNA-synthetase pair to encode it with diverse physicochemical and biological properties in order to be used as a tool to exploring protein structure and function or to create novel or enhanced proteins.

Since this loop constitutes the " lid " that covers the top of the ligand binding site, this conformational difference highlights the difficulties in constructing homology models of other GPCRs based only on the rhodopsin structure.

Since a client is unlikely to want to send a version that is less faithful than the plain text version, this structure places the plain text version ( if present ) first.

Since fluorescence emission differs in wavelength ( color ) from the excitation light, an ideal fluorescent image shows only the structure of interest that was labeled with the fluorescent dye.

Since its beginnings, the faith has proclaimed itself to be Christ's Church restored with its original authority, structure and power ; maintaining that existing denominations believed incorrect doctrines and were not acknowledged of God as his church and kingdom.

Since the archegonium is a haploid structure, egg cells are produced via mitosis.

Since the Army XXI reform in 2004, the basic structure of the Land Forces has been reorganised in the following units: infantry brigades ( 2 and 5 ); mountain infantry brigades ( 9 and 12 ); armoured brigades ( 1 and 11 ).

Since the mid-1990s, starspot observations have been made using increasingly powerful techniques yielding more and more detail: photometry showed starspot growth and decay and showed cyclic behavior similar to the Sun's ; spectroscopy examined the structure of starspot regions by analyzing variations in spectral line splitting due to the Zeeman Effect ; Doppler imaging showed differential rotation of spots for several stars and distributions different from the Sun's ; spectral line analysis measured the temperature range of spots and the stellar surfaces.

Since only the poets with the best cumulative scores advance to the final round of the night, the structure assures that the audience gets to choose from whom they will hear more poetry.

Since then, the normal modes of the Earth have given us some of the strongest constraints on the deep structure of the Earth.

Since then, despite some calls for convergence centred on the structure and agency debate, its methodological, theoretical and topical diversity has spread even more, leading to numerours definitions of social geography and, therefore, contemporary scholars of the discipline identifying a great variety of different social geographies.

Since the circulating thyroid hormones are the amino acids thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine ( cf. Section C ), it is clear that some mechanism must exist in the thyroid gland for their release from proteins before secretion.

Since the proteins remain in the native state they may be visualised not only by general protein staining reagents but also by specific enzyme-linked staining.

Since members of the type I and type II cytokine receptor families possess no catalytic kinase activity, they rely on the JAK family of tyrosine kinases to phosphorylate and activate downstream proteins involved in their signal transduction pathways.

( Since Phe is necessary for the synthesis of many proteins, it is required for appropriate growth, but levels must be strictly controlled in PKU patients.

Since the cytosol contains high concentrations of glutathione and is, therefore, a reducing environment, proteins containing disulfide bonds, which are formed from oxidized cysteine residues, cannot be produced in this compartment.

Since that success, over 73761 X-ray crystal structures of proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules have been determined.

Since the regulation of vascularization in the mature retina involves a balance between endogenous positive growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and inhibitors of angiogenesis, such as pigment epithelium-derived factor ( PEDF ), rAAV-mediated expression of PEDF, angiostatin, and the soluble VEGF receptor sFlt-1, which are all antiangiogenic proteins, have been shown to reduce aberrant vessel formation in animal models.

Since phosphorylation of any site on a given protein can change the function or localization of that protein, understanding the " state " of a cell requires knowing the phosphorylation state of its proteins.

Since the membrane has been chosen for its ability to bind protein and as both antibodies and the target are proteins, steps must be taken to prevent

Since the structure of a glycan may depend on the expression, activity and accessibility of the different biosynthetic enzymes, it is not possible to use recombinant DNA technology in order to produce large quantities of glycans for structural and functional studies as it is for proteins.

Since the secretory glands of Droseraceae contain proteases and possibly other degradative enzymes, it may be that the presence of oxygen-activating redox cofactors function as extracellular predigestive oxidants to render membrane-bound proteins of the prey ( insects ) more susceptible to proteolytic attacks.

Since we are dealing with proteins, properties such as charge and affinity are not consistent and vary with pH as molecules are protonated and deprotonated, while size stays relatively constant.

Since photosynthesis and other natural processes create extremely complex molecules to the specifications contained in RNA and stored long-term in DNA form, advocates of molecular engineering claim that an artificial process can likewise exploit a chain of long-term storage, short-term storage, enzyme-like copying mechanisms similar to those in the cell, and ultimately produce complex molecules which need not be proteins.

Since more than one such pathway exists to creating complex molecules, even extremely specific ones such as proteins edible to fish, the likelihood of humans being able to design an entirely new one is considered ( by these advocates ) to be near certainty in the long run, and possible within a generation.

The black salsify is considered nutritious: it contains proteins, fats, asparagine, choline, laevulin, as well as minerals such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, and vitamins A, B < sub > 1 </ sub >, E and C. Since it also contains the glycoside inulin, which mainly consists of fructose, it is particularly suitable for diabetics.

Since these viruses have dsRNA genomes, replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm and the virus encodes several proteins which are needed for replication and conversion of the dsRNA genome into (+)- RNAs.

The concept of protein family was conceived at a time when very few protein structures or sequences were known ; at that time, primarily small, single-domain proteins such as myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c. Since that time, it was found that many proteins comprise multiple independent structural and functional units or domains.

Since the SDS molecules are negatively charged, the result of this is that all of the proteins will have approximately the same mass-to-charge ratio as each other.

Since the glypiation is the sole means of attachment of such proteins to the membrane, cleavage of the group by phospholipases will result in controlled release of the protein from the membrane.

Since most proteins have a net positive charge, nitrocellulose paper is ideal for immobilizing proteins.

Since ABL activates a number of cell cycle-controlling proteins and enzymes, the result of the BCR-Abl fusion is to speed up cell division.