* 1945 – Puyi, the last Chinese emperor and ruler of Manchukuo, is captured by Soviet troops.

Unlike the police and security forces, the Army and the People's Militia is organized along Soviet / Chinese models and precepts.

In addition, the Chinese Communists were able to fill the political vacuum left in Manchuria after Soviet forces withdrew from the area and thus gained China's prime industrial base.

The Soviet Union supported a strong Vietnam to maintain a second front against China in case of hostilities and to prevent further Chinese expansion.

In 1934, driven from their mountain bases such as the Chinese Soviet Republic, the CPC forces embarked on the Long March across China's most desolate terrain to the northwest, where they established a guerrilla base at Yan ' an in Shaanxi Province.

The Cultural Revolution, motivated by power struggles within the Party and a fear of the Soviet Union, led to a major upheaval in Chinese society.

The Chinese had long been a source of aid and apparently wished to maintain contact with Comoros to counterbalance Indian and Soviet ( later Russian ) influence in the Indian Ocean.

Allied with a number of Chinese Communists and advised by Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin, Wang declared the National Government as having moved to Wuhan.

Now with an established national government in Nanjing, and supported by conservative allies including Hu Hanmin, Chiang's expulsion of the Communists and their Soviet advisers led to the beginning of the Chinese Civil War.

After assembling his forces in Jiangxi, Chiang led his armies against the newly established Chinese Soviet Republic.

Stalin opposed the Chinese Communist Party in Xinjiang because he wanted to expand Soviet influence in the province.

Of a different kind is, for instance, the antithesis between ( say ) the Italian and the American Law, and of a different kind that between the Soviet, Muslim, Hindu, or Chinese Law.

Moreover, according to this thesis, a major motivational factor for Gorbachev was his realization that the Soviet Union could not compete economically with the USA However, if economic premises are taken into account, it is not clear why the Soviet leaders did not adopt the Chinese option — economic liberalization with preservation of political system.

Category: Chinese expatriates in the Soviet Union

* 1927 – Guangzhou Uprising: Communist militia and worker Red Guards launch an uprising in the Chinese city of Guangzhou, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.

Chinese Marxists used the term to denounce the Soviet Union during the Sino-Soviet Split, and likewise, the Soviets used the term to identify Chinese Marxists.

The tactics of guerrilla warfare were used successfully in the 20th century by — among others — the Soviet partisans and the Polish Home Army and the OSS in Burma in World War II ; Mao Zedong and the People's Liberation Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War.

And the second course of action led to my going to Pakistan a month or so after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, for the purpose of coordinating with the Pakistanis a joint response, the purpose of which would be to make the Soviets bleed for as much and as long as is possible ; and we engaged in that effort in a collaborative sense with the Saudis, the Egyptians, the British, the Chinese, and we started providing weapons to the Mujaheddin, from various sources again – for example, some Soviet arms from the Egyptians and the Chinese.

Hoxha and Shehu apparently decided in May or June 1960 that Albania was assured of Chinese support, and they openly sided with the PRC when sharp polemics erupted between the PRC and the Soviet Union.

Examples include the German Marder and Puma, the Chinese ZBD-97, the Soviet / Russian BMP-3, the Indian Abhay IFV, the Yugoslavian BVP M-80, the Canadian LAV III, the British Warrior, the American M2 Bradley, the Spanish Pizarro / ASCOD, the Italian Dardo, the South African Ratel, the French AMX-10P and VBCI, the Swedish Combat Vehicle 90 and the Dutch YPR-765 AIFV.

Zhuyin ( sometimes called Bopomofo ) is a semi-syllabary used to phonetically transcribe Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China.

* 1972 – The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.

Continuing the coalition's free-trade strategy, in August 2006 President Bachelet promulgated a free trade agreement with the People's Republic of China ( signed under the previous administration of Ricardo Lagos ), the first Chinese free-trade agreement with a Latin American nation ; similar deals with Japan and India were promulgated in August 2007.

Other languages use fricative and often trilled segments as syllabic nuclei, as in Czech and several languages in Democratic Republic of the Congo, and China, including Mandarin Chinese.

15: The People's Republic, Part 2: Revolutions within the Chinese Revolution, 1966-1982.

15: The People's Republic, Part 2: Revolutions within the Chinese Revolution, 1966-1982.

Although the People's Republic of China has been historically hostile to the philosophy of ancient China, the influences of past are still deeply ingrained in the Chinese culture.

On 27 November 2007 Cessna announced the new Cessna 162 would be made in the People's Republic of China by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, which is a subsidiary of China Aviation Industry Corporation I ( AVIC I ), a Chinese government-owned consortium of aircraft manufacturers.

In 1927, when he was setting up the Nationalist government in Nanjing, he was preoccupied with " the elevation of our leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen to the rank of ' Father of our Chinese Republic '.

It would be embarrassing to have our Father of the Chinese Republic shown in a subordinate position ".

Chiang Kai-shek considered both the Han Chinese and all the minority peoples of China, the Five Races Under One Union, as descendants of Huangdi, the Yellow Emperor and semi mythical founder of the Chinese nation, and belonging to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into Kuomintang ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China.

Most Chinese history that is published in the People's Republic of China is based on a Marxist interpretation of history.

The official historical view within the People's Republic of China associates each of these stages with a particular era in Chinese history as well as making some subdivisions.

The Communist Party of China ( CPC ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP ), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China ( PRC ).

* 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The government of Republic of China moves from Nanking to Taipei.

* 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The People's Liberation Army begins its siege of Chengdu, the last Kuomintang-held city in mainland China, forcing President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to Taiwan.

* 1932 – The Empire of Japan declares Manzhouguo ( the obsolete Chinese name for Manchuria ) independent from the Republic of China.

Standard Chinese has official status as the standard spoken form of the Chinese language in the People's Republic of China ( PRC ), the Republic of China ( ROC ) and the Republic of Singapore.

* CSR Corporation Limited, a Chinese railway equipment manufacturer

They range in size from the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), which can grow to a length of, to the diminutive Thorius pennatulus from Mexico which seldom exceeds.

A number of fossil cryptobranchids have been found but there are only three living species, the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), the Japanese giant salamander ( Andrias japonicus ) and the hellbender ( Cryptobranchus alleganiensis ) from North America.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Y is otherwise found mainly among Nivkhs, and with lower frequency among Tungusic peoples, Koreans, Mongols ( including Kalmyks and Buryats ), Chinese, Japanese, Central Asians, South Siberian Turkic peoples ( e. g. Tuvans, Todjins, Soyots ), Koryaks, Alyutors, Itelmens, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, and Malaysians.

Amaranth greens, also called Chau lai ( Hindi ) and Chu or Chua ( Kumauni ), Chinese spinach, hinn choy or yin tsoi (); callaloo, dhantinasoppu ( ದ ಂ ಟ ಿ ನ ಸ ೊ ಪ ್ ಪ ು) / harive ( ಹರ ಿ ವ ೆ) ( Kannada ); త ో టక ూ ర ( Telugu ); Rajgira ( र ा जग ी र ा) ( Marathi ); ம ு ள ை க ் க ீ ர ை ( Tamil ); cheera ച ീ ര ( Malayalam ); bayam ( Indonesian ); phak khom ผ ั กโขม ( Thai ); tampala, or quelite ( Oriya ); Khada Saga, are a common leaf vegetable throughout the tropics and in many warm temperate regions.

* Egg roll – While native Chinese spring rolls have a thin crispy skin with mushrooms, bamboo, and other vegetables inside, the Westernized version ( specifically the version found in such American Northeast metro areas as Boston and New York ) uses a thick, fried skin stuffed with cabbage and usually bits of meat or seafood ( such as pork or shrimp ), but no egg.

Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Homeopathy and Naturopathy are cited as examples The term appears to have entered into usage through the National Institute of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( NCCAM ), which began to employ it as a substitute for alternative medical systems as a way of differentiating widely comprehensive systems of medicine, such as Ayurvedic medicine, from specialized alternative approaches.

* Aquila ( Chinese astronomy ), a traditional constellation

The Thai zodiac includes a Naga in place of the Dragon and begins, not at Chinese New Year, but at either on the first day of fifth month in Thai lunar calendar, or during the Songkran festival ( now celebrated every 13 – 15 April ), depending on the purpose of the use.

The system of Chinese astrology was elaborated during the Zhou dynasty ( 1046 – 256 BC ) and flourished during the Han Dynasty ( 2nd century BC to 2nd century AD ), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the 5 elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.

** " ABC " ( Jin song ), Jin's first single off his 4th album " ABC " ( American-born Chinese )

Modern weapons include the Russian ZSU-23-4 Shilka and Tunguska-M1, South Korean K30 Biho and K263A1 radar-guided Vulcan, Chinese Type 95 SPAAA, Swedish CV9040 AAV, Polish PZA Loara, American M6 Bradley Linebacker and M1097 Humvee Avenger, Yugoslavian BOV-3, Canadian ADATS, aging German Gepard, Japanese Type 87 SPAAG and similar versions with the British Marksman turret ( which was also adapted for a number of other users ), Italian SIDAM 25 and Otomatic, and versions of the French AMX-13.

* Au ( surname ), a Chinese family name

** Ai Weiwei ( born 1957 ), Chinese artist, curator, architectural designer, cultural and social commentator, dissident, disappeared April 2011

* Beidou ( disambiguation ), Chinese name of Big Dipper

), Brassica rapa ( turnip, Chinese cabbage, etc.

During the Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 – 1945 ) and World War II ( 1939 – 1945 ), the Special Research Units of the Imperial Japanese Army, such as Unit 731, conducted human experimentation on thousands of Chinese, among others.

Genetically altered mammalian cells, such as Chinese Hamster Ovary cells ( CHO ), are also used to manufacture certain pharmaceuticals.

In Chinese manuscripts, gold, camphor, tortoise shells, hornbill ivory, rhinoceros horn, crane crest, beeswax, lakawood ( a scented heartwood and root wood of a thick liana, Dalbergia parviflora ), dragon's blood, rattan, edible bird's nests and various spices were among the most valuable items from Borneo.

Chinese characters can also be written in either direction as well as vertically ( top to bottom then right to left ), especially in signs ( such as plaques ), but the orientation of the individual characters is never changed.

The racial makeup of Berkeley was 66, 996 ( 59. 5 %) White, 11, 241 ( 10. 0 %) Black or African American, 479 ( 0. 4 %) Native American, 21, 690 ( 19. 3 %) Asian ( 8. 4 % Chinese, 2. 4 % Indian, 2. 1 % Korean, 1. 6 % Japanese, 1. 5 % Filipino, 1. 0 % Vietnamese, 0. 3 % Pakistani, 0. 3 % Thai, 0. 2 % Nepalese ), 186 ( 0. 2 %) Pacific Islander, 4, 994 ( 4. 4 %) from other races, and 6, 994 ( 6. 2 %) from two or more races.

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.