The Terracotta Army commissioned by the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi is a collection of about 8000 life-sized ceramic soldiers and horses buried with the emperor.

* 1945 – Puyi, the last Chinese emperor and ruler of Manchukuo, is captured by Soviet troops.

Several maritime Asian nations sent envoys with tribute for the Chinese emperor.

The Chinese Imperial examination system seems to have been started in 165 BC, when certain candidates for public office were called to the Chinese capital for examination of their moral excellence by the emperor.

Similarly, the Chinese concept of Mandate of Heaven required that the emperor properly carry out the proper rituals, consult his ministers, and made it extremely difficult to undo any acts carried out by an ancestor.

The Chinese emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty oversaw the compilation of the Yongle Encyclopedia, one of the largest encyclopedias in history, which was completed in 1408 and comprised over 370 million Chinese characters in 11, 000 handwritten volumes, of which only about 400 remain today.

In a similar manner, in imperial China, writers of classical Chinese texts were expected to avoid using characters contained within the name of the currently ruling emperor as a sign of respect.

" heavenly sovereign "), which is used exclusively to refer to an emperor of Japan, and kōtei ( 皇帝, the title used for Chinese emperors ), which is used primarily to describe non-Japanese emperors.

Imperial China produced only one reigning empress, Wu Zetian, and she used the same Chinese title as an emperor ( Huangdi, 皇帝 ).

After 1271, the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty also took the Chinese title huangdi, or Chinese emperor.

King Bu, supposed to be Yūryaku, sent an envoy to the emperor of Liu Song, a minor Chinese dynasty, in 478.

* 221 – Liu Bei, a Chinese warlord and member of the Han royal house, declares himself emperor of Shu-Han and claims his legitimate succession to the Han Dynasty.

The Chinese Imperial examination system seem started in 165 BC, when certain candidates for public office were called to the Chinese capital for examination of their moral excellence by the emperor.

Alarmed, the Chinese emperor Qianlong appointed Fukang ' an commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign ; Fu defeated the Gorkhali army and the Gorkhali were forced to accept surrender on China's terms.

* 344 – Jin Kangdi, Chinese emperor ( b. 322 )

A massive confiscation of opium by the Chinese emperor, who tried to stop the opium deliveries, led to two Opium Wars in 1839 and 1858, in which Britain suppressed China and traded opium all over the country.

His fleet carried 30, 000 men aboard 70 vessels, with the goal of bringing glory to the Chinese emperor.

The Yongle emperor designed them to establish a Chinese presence, impose imperial control over trade, impress foreign peoples in the Indian Ocean basin and extend the empire's tributary system.

* Emperor Wen of Sui, founder and first emperor of Chinese Sui Dynasty

* Helian Ding, emperor of the Chinese Xiongnu state Xia

And, after becoming the right-hand man of Enver Pasha, he is sent by the latter to pave the way for a new Turkish Empire embracing `` the union of all Turks throughout Central Asia from Adrianople to the Chinese oases on the Silk Trade Route ''.

The Peiping Chinese were the only major silver seller in the world markets who stopped selling the metal on Monday morning, November 27, anticipating by two days the announcement of the U.S. Treasury that the pegged offering price will be removed.

Bursting from the lips of a charging cavalry trooper was the last sound heard on this earth by untold numbers of Cheyennes, Sioux and Apaches, Mexican banditos under Pancho Villa, Japanese in the South Pacific, and Chinese and North Korean Communists in Korea.

however the President, who would like to woo the former Chinese province away from both Peking and Moscow, would promise Chen nothing more than an abstention by the U.S. if Outer Mongolia's admission comes to a vote.

Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

The Chinese world view during the Han dynasty, when the Lo Shu seems to have been at the height of its popularity, was based in large part on the teachings of the Yin-Yang and Five-Elements School, which was traditionally founded by Tsou Yen.

Two binary abaci constructed by Dr. Robert C. Good, Jr., made from two Chinese abaci

); its design was planned by the government of the day ; and it places individual letters in syllable clusters with equal dimensions, in the same way as Chinese characters, to allow for mixed-script writing ( one syllable always takes up one type-space no matter how many letters get stacked into building that one sound-block ).

Overland road Luanda-Uíge recently rehabilitated by Chinese construction company

As of early 2011, trade with China is dominated by imports of Chinese goods and accounts for about 10 percent of Armenia's foreign trade.

The Physiocrats were partially influenced by Chinese agrarianism ; leading physiocrats like François Quesnay were avid Confucianists that advocated China's agrarian policies.

* 1937 – Chinese Air Force Day: The beginning of air-to-air combat of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II in general, when 6 Imperial Japanese Mitsubishi G3M bombers are shot down by the Nationalist Chinese Air Force while raiding Chinese air bases.

* 1517 – Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary.

It was also widely used by the Chinese for its healing chemicals, curing illnesses such as infections, rashes, and migraines.

American Chinese cuisine refers to the style of food served by many Chinese restaurants in the United States.

In the 19th century, Chinese in San Francisco operated sophisticated and sometimes luxurious restaurants patronized mainly by Chinese, while restaurants in smaller towns served what their customers requested, ranging from pork chop sandwiches and apple pie to beans and eggs.

Restaurants ( along with Chinese laundries ) provided an ethnic niche for small businesses at a time when the Chinese people were excluded from most jobs in the wage economy by ethnic discrimination or lack of language fluency.

Foreign words, mainly proper nouns, continue to enter the Chinese language by transcription according to their pronunciations.

Northern Chinese Islamic cuisine originated in China proper.

Furthermore Chinese population were largely unable to learn English due to the lack of proper educational facilities in pre-1970 Hong Kong.

Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese into Manchuria, as the area was off-limits to the Han Chinese until the Qing government started colonizing the area with them later on in the dynasty's rule, especially since the 1860s.

In 1811, prompted by discussions with a Chinese student about Chinese script, Silvestre de Sacy considered a suggestion made by Georg Zoëga in 1797 that the foreign names in Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions might be written phonetically ; he also recalled that as long ago as 1761, Jean-Jacques Barthélemy had suggested that the characters enclosed in cartouches in hieroglyphic inscriptions were proper names.

In addition, within the city proper there are several smaller schools serving segments of the community such as the Chinese School in Chinatown, St. Andrew's Elementary School and Christ Church Cathedral School.

* When the Chinese prefectural government officials travel to the Tang Dynasty's capital of Chang ' an in this year to give the annual report of the affairs in their districts, Emperor Taizong of Tang discovers that many have no proper quarters to rest in, and are renting rooms with merchants.

The New York City Metropolitan Area contains the largest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, enumerating 682, 265 individuals as of the 2010 United States Census, including at least 8 Chinatowns-six in New York City proper, and one each in Edison, New Jersey and Nassau County, Long Island, not to mention fledgling ethnic Chinese enclaves emerging throughout the New York City metropolitan area.

When the Chinese prefectural government officials traveled to the capital in the year 643 to give the annual report of the affairs in their districts, Emperor Taizong discovered that many had no proper quarters to rest in, and were renting rooms with merchants.

There is no fixed extent for China proper, as many administrative, cultural, and linguistic shifts have occurred in Chinese history.

When describing the Chinese Empire under the Qing Dynasty, Winterbotham divided it into three parts: China proper, Chinese Tartary, and the States Tributary to China.

In the nineteenth century, the term " China proper " was sometimes used by Chinese officials when they were communicating in foreign languages.

The approximate extent of China proper during the late Ming Dynasty, the last Han Chinese dynasty.

One way of thinking about China proper is to refer to ancient Han Chinese dynasties.

On the contrary, it is of interest that Chinese and Islamic culture even considered south as the proper top end for maps.

Bharatanatyam proper is a solo dance, with two aspects, lasya, the graceful feminine lines and movements, and tandava Ananda Thandavam ( Tamil ) ( the dance of Shiva ), masculine aspect, which is identical to the Yin and Yang in the Chinese culture.

Transliteration attempts to render the proper name of an ethnic or social group by rendering the Chinese word as designated in Chinese characters into English as designated by use of the English alphabet.

In some cases authors prefer to render the terms designating these various groups as proper nouns, in other cases all of these various names in Chinese may be translated into English as generic barbarians.