Modern weapons include the Russian ZSU-23-4 Shilka and Tunguska-M1, South Korean K30 Biho and K263A1 radar-guided Vulcan, Chinese Type 95 SPAAA, Swedish CV9040 AAV, Polish PZA Loara, American M6 Bradley Linebacker and M1097 Humvee Avenger, Yugoslavian BOV-3, Canadian ADATS, aging German Gepard, Japanese Type 87 SPAAG and similar versions with the British Marksman turret ( which was also adapted for a number of other users ), Italian SIDAM 25 and Otomatic, and versions of the French AMX-13.

# REDIRECT Chinese turret ship Dingyuan

# REDIRECT Chinese turret ship Zhenyuan

The southwest turret is also called the Hitsuji-saru ( sheep-monkey ) turret, because these two animals denoted the southwest compass direction in the Chinese zodiac.

* Chinese turret ship Zhenyuan

* Chinese turret ship Dingyuan

The structure of the gate is similar to that of Chinese three-bay turret gates, and is covered with a red tiled hip roof.

It has the same turret as the ZSU-57-2, but it is armed with the Type 59 twin anti-aircraft autocannon ( a copy of the Soviet S-68 ), mounted on the chassis of a Chinese Type 69-II MBT.

* ZSU-57-2 with the turret mounted on the Chinese Type 59 ( a copy of the T-54A ) tank chassis.

# REDIRECT Chinese turret ship Zhenyuan

# REDIRECT Chinese turret ship Zhenyuan

# REDIRECT Chinese turret ship Dingyuan

Chinese turret ship Dingyuan, built by AG Vulcan Stettin in 1881 for the Qing Dynasty | Chinese Imperial Beiyang Fleet

American clipper ship, painted in typical style by Chinese artist

However, a mulatto who escaped the destruction of Syn's previous ship stowed away in Clegg's ship and accused him before the crew ; Clegg quelled the potential mutiny by having the mulatto's tongue cut out, marooning him on a coral reef and violently killing Yellow Pete, the ship's Chinese cook, who represented the crew in their wish to rescue the mulatto.

The capitão refused to recognize his title of Nuncio, asked Pereira to resign from his title of ambassador, named a new crew for the ship and demanded the gifts for the Chinese Emperor be left in Malacca.

* 1848 – California Gold Rush: The first ship with Chinese immigrants arrives in San Francisco, California.

The League of Nations agreed to a request for help from the Chinese government, but the long voyage by ship delayed League officials.

* 1948 – Off southern Manchuria, 6, 000 people are killed as a Chinese merchant ship explodes and sinks.

In the Chinese Yuejueshu ( Lost Records of the State of Yue ) written by the later Han Dynasty author Yuan Kang in the year 52 AD, Wu Zixu ( 526 BC-484 BC ) purportedly discussed different ship types with King Helü of Wu ( r. 514 BC-496 BC ) while explaining military preparedness.

Solid line: main fleet ; dashed line: a possible route of Hong Bao's squadron ; dotted line: a trip of seven Chinese sailors, including Ma Huan, from History of Kozhikode | Calicut to Mecca on a native ship.

Zheng He made one more voyage during the reign of Hongxi's son Xuande Emperor ( reigned 1426 – 1435 ), but after that the voyages of the Chinese treasure ship fleets were ended.

* April 22 – The Chinese steamer ship Hsin Yu capsizes off the Chinese coast ; at least 1, 000 are killed.

* Confirming the descriptions of bulkhead hull compartments for Chinese sailing ships in Zhu Yu's Pingzhou Table Talks of 1119, a large Song Dynasty trade ship of c. 1277 A. D. is dredged up from the waters near the southern coast of China that had 12 bulkhead compartment rooms in its hull.

* The Chinese engineer and prince Li Gao invents a successful model of a paddle-wheel ship.

* Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, spends 2 years in Ceylon and is more than 200 days at sea as storms drive his ship off its course, but returns with sacred Buddhist texts back to China ( see 414 ).

Srivijaya's wealth and influence faded when changes in nautical technology in the 10th century enabled Chinese and Indian merchants to ship cargo directly between their countries and also enabled the Chola state in southern India to carry out a series of destructive attacks on Srivijaya's possessions, ending Palembang's entrepot function.

In Europe, early Chinese were generally seamen who jumped ship and began to provide services for other Chinese mariners.

File: Chinese export porcelain with Dutch ship Vryburg 1756 Qianlong period Canton. jpg | The ship Vryburg on a platter, commissioned 1756

The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship.

This style originated from some Chinese refugees while they were detained in America and is also called Golden Venture folding from the ship they came on.

Junk ( ship ) | Chinese boats from Zhang Zeduan's ( 1085 – 1145 ) painting Along the River During Qingming Festival ; Chinese ships of the Song period featured Hull ( watercraft ) | hulls with Bulkhead ( partition ) | watertight compartments.

Dingyuan stayed afloat and had a casualties of 14 dead and 25 wounded, but a total of about 850 Chinese sailors were lost in the battle with 500 wounded.

# In 1895 during the Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese battleship Dingyuan was put out of action in port by multiple torpedo hits over the course of two nights by several Japanese torpedo boats.

And one cannot but wonder whether Marshal Malinovsky, who was blowing hot and cold, exalting peace but also almost openly considering the possibility of preventive war against the West, wasn't trying to keep the Chinese quiet.

The ledger was full of most precise information: date of laying, length of incubation period, number of chick reaching the first week, second week, fifth week, weight of hen, size of rooster's wattles and so on, all scrawled out in a hand that looked more Chinese than English, the most jagged and sprawling Alex had ever seen.

Bursting from the lips of a charging cavalry trooper was the last sound heard on this earth by untold numbers of Cheyennes, Sioux and Apaches, Mexican banditos under Pancho Villa, Japanese in the South Pacific, and Chinese and North Korean Communists in Korea.

The concept of the Middle Kingdom at peace, strong and united under a forceful ruler, which had been only a longed-for ideal in the time of the Warring States, was finally realized by the establishment of a Chinese Empire under the Ch'in dynasty ( 221-207 B.C. ).

Although modern scholars have expressed surprise that `` the simple magic square of three '', a mere `` mathematical puzzle '', was able to exert a considerable influence on the minds and imaginations of the cultured Chinese for so many centuries, they could have found most of the answers right within the square itself.

Such an analysis speedily reveals why the middle number of the Lo Shu, 5, was so vitally significant for the Chinese ever since the earliest hints that they had a knowledge of this diagram.

Although the primary mathematical properties of the middle number at the center of the Lo Shu, and the interrelation of all the other numbers to it, might seem enough to account for the deep fascination which the Lo Shu held for the Old Chinese philosophers, this was actually only a beginning of wonders.

The Chinese world view during the Han dynasty, when the Lo Shu seems to have been at the height of its popularity, was based in large part on the teachings of the Yin-Yang and Five-Elements School, which was traditionally founded by Tsou Yen.

but in this respect it was merely following the accepted Chinese convention for all maps.

In its monastic form, Mahayana was merely an organization of magic-practicing monks ( bonzes ), who catered to the Chinese faith in the supernatural.

But in the Chinese mind, there was little difference between the two -- the bonzes were no more metaphysical than a magician has to be.

Early Chinese anchoritism was theoretically aimed at a mystic pantheist union with the divine, personal salvation being achieved when the mystical recluse united with divine essence.

In the popular Chinese mind, Ch'an ( Zen ) was no exception to the ideas of coarse magic that dominated.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

); its design was planned by the government of the day ; and it places individual letters in syllable clusters with equal dimensions, in the same way as Chinese characters, to allow for mixed-script writing ( one syllable always takes up one type-space no matter how many letters get stacked into building that one sound-block ).

In Chinese astronomy, the stream of water flowing from the Water Jar was depicted as the " Army of Yu-Lin " ( Yu-lin-kiun ).

Even though this period-known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period-in its latter part was fraught with chaos and bloody battles, it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely.

The Agrarians believed that Chinese society should be modeled around that of the early sage king Shen Nong, a folk hero which was portrayed in Chinese literature as " working in the fields, along with everyone else, and consulting with everyone else when any decision had to be reached.

The main question of this school was whether Being came before Not-Being ( in Chinese, ming and wuming ).

Mahayana Buddhism was far more successful in China than its rival Hinayana, and both Indian schools and local Chinese sects arose from the 5th century.

The Chinese School of Agrarianism was a philosophy that advocated peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism.

It was also widely used by the Chinese for its healing chemicals, curing illnesses such as infections, rashes, and migraines.

First catering to miners and railroad workers, they established eateries in towns where Chinese food was completely unknown.