By running DNA through an EtBr-treated gel and visualizing it with UV light, any band containing more than ~ 20 ng DNA becomes distinctly visible.

A probe that hybridizes only to a single DNA segment that has not been cut by the restriction enzyme will produce a single band on a Southern blot, whereas multiple bands will likely be observed when the probe hybridizes to several highly similar sequences ( e. g., those that may be the result of sequence duplication ).

The same year The Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to Neil Davidge, a relatively unknown producer whose main claim to fame thus far had been an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit DNA.

For example, a λ DNA-HindIII Digest: a common lambda DNA ladder that has band sizes ( in base pairs ) of 23, 130 ; 9, 416 ; 6, 557 ; 4, 361 ; 2, 322 ; 2, 027 ; 564 ; and 125 bp

DNA was a No Wave band formed in 1978 by guitarist Arto Lindsay and keyboardist Robin Crutchfield.

DNA originally consisted of Lindsay, Crutchfield, Gordon Stevenson and Mirielle Cervenka, and took their name from a song by another no wave band, Mars.

Shortly after the recording of No New York, Crutchfield left DNA to form a new band, Dark Day.

Some live DNA tracks appeared on compilation albums while the band was still in existence.

DNA on DNA, a comprehensive CD chronicle of the band, was released by No More Records in 2004.

When the DNA of tumor cells is analyzed using electrophoresis, a clonal band can be demonstrated, since identical IgH genes will move to the same position.

* DNA, a rock band formed in 1983 by Rick Derringer and Carmine Appice

* DNA ( band ), a no wave band

* DNA ( dance music band )

Her first musical experience was as the drummer for seminal no wave band DNA, which also featured East Village hero Arto Lindsay.

The name " satellite DNA " refers to how repetitions of a short DNA sequence tend to produce a different frequency of the nucleotides adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, and thus have a different density from bulk DNA-such that they form a second or ' satellite ' band when genomic DNA is separated on a density gradient.

They were heavily influenced by so-called no wave music ( Arto Lindsay had played in the seminal no-wave band DNA ), but their music also contained elements of funk and of the improvisational jazz stylings that would become Zorn's trademark.

Later, while trying to sell his art work, he encounters many downtown New York characters, from musician Arto Lindsay and his band DNA to David McDermott to graffiti artists Lee Quinones and Fab Five Freddy.

The soundtrack features music by: Jean Michel Basquiat with Andy Hernandez ; Basquiat's own band, Gray ; John Lurie ( who cameos in the film ) and the Lounge Lizards, DNA, Tuxedomoon, the Plastics, Marvin Pontiac, Kenny Burrell, the Specials, Chris Stein, Melle Mel with Blondie, Kid Creole and the Coconuts, James White and the Blacks, Vincent Gallo, Lydia Lunch, Steve French and Suicide.

Abzymes are usually artificial constructs, but are also found in normal humans ( anti-vasoactive intestinal peptide autoantibodies ) and in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, where they can bind to and hydrolyze DNA.

With the use of gel electrophoresis, it can be observed that OROV causes DNA fragmentation in HeLa cells.

These oxidants can damage cells by starting chemical chain reactions such as lipid peroxidation, or by oxidizing DNA or proteins.

Damage to DNA can cause mutations and possibly cancer, if not reversed by DNA repair mechanisms, while damage to proteins causes enzyme inhibition, denaturation and protein degradation.

These programs can compensate for mutations ( exchanged, deleted or inserted bases ) in the DNA sequence, to identify sequences that are related, but not identical.

Chemical analogs of nucleotides can take the place of proper nucleotides and establish non-canonical base-pairing, leading to errors ( mostly point mutations ) in DNA replication and DNA transcription.

The transferred DNA can then be integrated into the recipient genome via homologous recombination.

DNA microarray chip – some can do as many as a million blood tests at once

This is DNA which contains units named genes that can produce proteins through a code ( genetic code ) in which a series of triplets ( codons ) of four possible nucleotides are translated into one of twenty possible amino acids.

Several in vitro studies indicated that high concentrations of chromium ( III ) in the cell can lead to DNA damage.

The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 100, 000 to over 3, 750, 000, 000 nucleotides in a long chain.

However in nature DNA can form three structures, A -, B-and Z-DNA.

Calreticulin can inhibit the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and can inhibit androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation.

In cells with a nucleus ( eukaryotes ), the cell cycle can be divided in two periods: interphase — during which the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis and duplicating its DNA — and the mitosis ( M ) phase, during which the cell splits itself into two distinct cells, often called " daughter cells " and the final phase, cytokinesis, where the new cell is completely divided.

" Regional centromeres " is the term coined to describe most centromeres, which typically form on regions of preferred DNA sequence, but what can form on other DNA sequences as well.

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes is that eukaryotic genes can contain introns ( intervening DNA sequences ) which are not coding sequences, in contrast with exons, which are DNA coding sequences.

# A poly-T oligonucleotide primer is hybridized onto the poly-A tail of the mature mRNA template, or random hexamer primers can be added which contain every possible 6 base single strand of DNA and can therefore hybridize anywhere on the RNA ( Reverse transcriptase requires this double-stranded segment as a primer to start its operation.

# From the hairpin loop, a DNA polymerase can then use it as a primer to transcribe a complementary sequence for the ss cDNA.

CMT can be diagnosed through symptoms, through measurement of the speed of nerve impulses ( electromyography ), through biopsy of the nerve, and through DNA testing.

Base stacking interactions in DNA and RNA are due to dispersion attraction, short-range exchange repulsion, and electrostatic interactions, which also contribute to stability.

If the F-plasmid that is transferred has previously been integrated into the donor ’ s genome some of the donor ’ s chromosomal DNA may also be transferred with the plasmid DNA.

Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.

In addition to RNA and DNA a large number of artificial nucleic acid analogues have also been created to study the proprieties of nucleic acids, or for use in biotechnology.

DDT may be directly genotoxic, but may also induce enzymes to produce other genotoxic intermediates and DNA adducts.

The nucleic acid is usually double-stranded DNA ( dsDNA ) but may also be single-stranded DNA ( ssDNA ).

This isolate also appears to be related to the pig stool-associated single-stranded DNA virus.

The cell cycle ( mitosis ) also pertains to the DNA replication / reproduction process.

DNA replication can also be performed in vitro ( artificially, outside a cell ).

The energetics of this process also help explain the directionality of synthesis-if DNA were synthesized in the 3 ' to 5 ' direction, the energy for the process would come from the 5 ' end of the growing strand rather than from free nucleotides.

Even so, some DNA polymerases also have proofreading ability ; they can remove nucleotides from the end of a strand in order to correct mismatched bases.

In the single stranded DNA viruses-a group that includes the circoviruses, the geminiviruses, the parvoviruses and others-and also the many phages and plasmids that use the rolling circle replication ( RCR ) mechanism, the RCR endonuclease creates a nick the genome strand ( single stranded viruses ) or one of the DNA strands ( plasmids ).

This structure is also found in the catalytic domains of topoisomerase Ia, topoisomerase II, the OLD-family nucleases and DNA repair proteins related to the RecR protein.

DNA is also indirectly damaged by reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet A, which has energy too low to damage DNA directly.

Evidence from autosomal DNA also predominantly supports a Recent African origin.

Functional groups are also used to covalently link molecules such as fluorescent dyes, nanoparticles, proteins, DNA, and other compounds of interest for a variety of applications such as sensing and basic chemical research.

Many of his other novels, such as The Andromeda Strain and Jurassic Park, also incorporated large quantities of fabricated scientific documents in the form of diagrams, DNA sequences, footnotes and bibliography.

Helical diffraction theory turned out to also be useful for understanding the structure of DNA.

Given Pauling's recent success in discovering the Alpha helix, they feared that Pauling might also be the first to determine the structure of DNA.

Furberg's results had also provided the correct orientation of the DNA sugars with respect to the bases.