The earliest historical records of Anatolia stem from the south east of the region, and are from the Mesopotamian based Akkadian Empire during the reign of Sargon of Akkad in the 24th century BC.

The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia.

The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests of its founder Sargon of Akkad ( 2334 – 2279 BC ).

fr: Empire d ' Akkad

These alleged refugees claimed the ancestry of Sargon of Akkad ( whose dynasty died out some 15 centuries before the fall of Assyria ), they also contradictionally claimed ancestry from Nabopolassar, a Babylonian king of Chaldean extraction who played a major part in the destruction of the Assyrian Empire.

* c. 2240 BC: Akkad, capital of the Akkadian Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Memphis, capital of Egypt.

* Sargon of Akkad, founder of the Akkadian Empire and the earliest empire builder in recorded history

The name of the language is derived from the city of Akkad, a major center of Semitic Mesopotamian civilization, during the Akkadian Empire ( ca.

There is evidence that they were allied with the Akkadian Empire indicating they had a firm hold on the area by the reign of Naram-Sin of Akkad ( ca.

In his inscriptions, he styles himself as a new man, rarely referring to his predecessors ; however he took the name Sharru-kinu (" true king "), after Sargon of Akkad — who had founded the first Semitic Empire in the region some 16 centuries earlier.

It was so valued in early times that the first great Mesopotamian empire — the Empire of Sargon of Akkad -- listed the taking of diorite as a purpose of military expeditions.

Akkad bore the brunt of this as the center of the Empire, so that it was in Akkad that the Guti established their own center in place of the destroyed Akkad.

2296-2271 BC short chronology ) was the last Sumerian king before the conquest of Sumer by Sargon of Akkad and the rise of the Akkadian Empire, and was considered as the only king of the third dynasty of Uruk.

Each city, kingdom and trade guild had its own standards until the formation of the Akkadian Empire when Sargon of Akkad issued a common standard.

According to Arab tradition, the ensuing war pushed Ghana over the edge, ending the kingdom's position as a commercial and military power by 1100, as it collapsed into tribal groups and chieftaincies, some of which later assimilated into the Almoravids while others founded the Mali Empire.

According to a single unsupported piece of recent research, refugees from the collapsed Assyrian Empire claim to have reached the region of Lake Chad and founded the kingdoms of Kanem and Kebbi.

After the Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476, with the beginning of the Migration Period, Julius Nepos shortly ruled his diminished domain from the Diocletian palace after his 476 flight from Italy.

It failed and by October the armies were in retreat, the Austro-Hungarian Empire had collapsed, and the German people had lost faith in the political system.

The Empire collapsed overnight in the November 1918 Revolution as all the royals abdicated and a republic took over.

Civil war and rivalling claims to the throne, combined with the external threat of the Sea Peoples weakened the Hittites and by 1160 BC, the Empire had collapsed.

In the 5th century, The Western Roman Empire collapsed leading to Christian migration into Palastina and development of a Christian majority.

The Sunni Seljuqs had formerly ruled the Great Seljuq Empire, but this empire had collapsed into several smaller states after the death of Malik-Shah I in 1092.

Some researches try to connect the creation of Kanem-Bornu with exodus from the collapsed Assyrian Empire c. 600 BC to the northeast of Lake Chad.

It is generally assumed that trade collapsed with the Roman Empire, but this is to overstate the case.

and since by the war's end, Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire had collapsed, Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania were allowed to unite with the Kingdom of Romania in 1918.

In its wake, Hungarian resistance collapsed and the Ottoman Empire became the pre-eminent power in Eastern Europe.

The Western Roman Empire collapsed starting the Early Middle Ages.

It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 402 until that empire collapsed in 476.

Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815 Austria, which had emerged as the Austrian Empire became part of the German Confederation till the Austro-Prussian war of 1866, and then the Austro-Hungarian Empire which collapsed at the end of World War I. Austria was briefly independent ( First Republic ) till annexation by the German Third Reich, partitioned after the Second World War and then became the independent sovereign state ( Second Republic ) that has existed to the present day.

As the Roman Empire collapsed in the fourth and fifth centuries, the rustic villas were more and more isolated and came to be protected by walls.

After the Roman Empire collapsed ( 5th century ), Germanic tribes invaded the Roman province of " Gallia ".

In the 11th century, the First Bulgarian Empire collapsed under Rus ' and Byzantine attacks, and became part of the Byzantine Empire until 1185.

When the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921 broke out, Mongolian revolutionaries expelled Russian White Guards ( during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1923 following the Communist October Revolution of 1917 ) from Mongolia, which became independent when the Qing Empire of China collapsed in 1911, with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army.

Their kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533 – 4, in which Justinian I managed to reconquer the Africa province for the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire.

The Crisis of the Third Century ( also " Military Anarchy " or " Imperial Crisis ") ( A. D. 235 – 284 ) was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression.

This had the predictable effect of causing runaway inflation and by the time Diocletian came to power, the old coinage of the Roman Empire had nearly collapsed.

The collapse of the Akkadian Empire in 2154 BC saw the arrival of peoples using Khirbet Kerak Ware pottery, coming originally from the Zagros Mountains ( in modern Iran ) east of the Tigris.

He believed he had left Section 31 behind when he was posted aboard Enterprise in 2151 ; however, in 2154, he was reactivated as an agent during a mission to recover Phlox, who had been kidnapped by a group of Klingons trying to stop a genetically engineered virus running rampant in the Empire.

During the Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 600 BC the Persians first began to use the abacus.

In the 6th century BC the kingdom of Lydia almost expanded to the whole of Asia Minor, until it became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.

After 1180 BC, the Hittite empire disintegrated into several independent " Neo-Hittite " states, subsequent to losing much territory to the Middle Assyrian Empire and being finally overrun by the Phrygians, another Indo-European people who are believed to have migrated from The Balkans.

From the 10th to late 7th centuries BC, much of Anatolia ( particularly the east, central, south western and south eastern regions ) fell to the Neo Assyrian Empire, including all of the Neo-Hittite and Syro-Hittite states, Phrygia, Urartu, Nairi, Tabal, Cilicia, Commagene, Caria, Lydia, the Cimmerians and Scythians and swathes of Cappadocia.

Later during the 6th century BC, most of Anatolia was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Persians having usurped the Medes as the dominant dynasty in Iran.

Augustus (, September 23, 63 BC – August 19, 14 AD ) was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.

Sparta Between Empire and Revolution ( 404-243 BC ): Internal Problems and Their Impact on Contemporary Greek Consciousness.

The Delian League, founded about 477 BC, was an association of Greek city-states, members numbering between 150 to 173, under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

The Greco-Persian Wars had their roots in the conquest of the Greek cities of Asia Minor, and particular Ionia, by the Achaemenid Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great shortly after 550 BC.

The Second Athenian Empire, a maritime self-defense league, was founded in 377 BC and was led by Athens ; but Athens would never recover the full extent of her power, and her enemies were now far stronger and more varied.

By 150 BC, Assyria was under the control of the Parthian Empire as Athura ( the Parthian word for Assyria ) where the Assyrian city of Ashur seems to have gained a degree of autonomy, and temples to the native gods of Assyria were resurrected.

After 128 years of Bithynian rule, Nicomedes IV, the last King of Bithynia, bequeathed the entire kingdom to the Roman Empire in 74 BC.

The Neo-Babylonian Empire | Chaldean Empire around 600 BC.

Authored by Darius the Great sometime between his coronation as king of the Persian Empire in the summer of 522 BC and his death in autumn of 486 BC, the inscription begins with a brief autobiography of Darius, including his ancestry and lineage.

Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the deaths of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II in which he fought nineteen battles in a period of one year ( ending in December of 521 BC ) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the Persian Empire.

In 500 BC the Persian Empire was still relatively young and highly expansionistic, but prone to revolts amongst its subject peoples.

In his commentary on Daniel 8: 14 published in 1831, he stated that the 2, 300-year period should be calculated from 334 BC, the year Alexander the Great began his conquest of the Persian Empire.