* 1969 – Vietnam War: At the apartment of French intermediary Jean Sainteny in Paris, American representative Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Xuan Thuy begin secret peace negotiations.

The concept of representative democracy arose largely from ideas and institutions that developed during the European Middle Ages, the Age of Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions.

Politics of French Polynesia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of French Polynesia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Demand in English and demande in French or domanda in Italian are representative of a particularly treacherous sort of false friend, in which – despite a common origin – the words have differently shaded meanings.

Politics of Mayotte takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of the General Council is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

New Caledonia is a French overseas country with a system of government based on parliamentarism and representative democracy.

The representative of the French central state in New Caledonia is the High Commissioner of the Republic ( Haut-Commissaire de la République, locally known as " haussaire "), who is the head of civil services, and who sits in the government of the territory.

* 1803 – In New Orleans, Louisiana, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to a French representative.

The following year, the lands forming the sites of Napoleon ’ s burial and of his home at Longwood House were vested in Napoleon III and his heirs and a French representative or consul has lived on the island ever since, the French flag now flying over these areas.

Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of the Territorial Council is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Philippe Allonneau the French representative even succeeded in being recognized as King of Espiritu Santo by the island's tribal chiefs.

* August 4 – Vietnam War: At the apartment of French intermediary Jean Sainteny in Paris, U. S. representative Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Xuan Thuy begin secret peace negotiations.

* August 28 – Mathieu Luis becomes the first black member to join the French Parliament as a representative of Guadaloupe.

* November 30 – At the Cabildo building in New Orleans, Spanish representatives Governor Manuel de Salcedo and the Marqués de Casa Calvo, officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to French representative Prefect Pierre Clément de Laussat ( just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase ).

The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneur général du Canada, or: Gouverneure générale du Canada ) is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II.

In the 1370s the last representative in the male line of the ruling house of Gwynedd, Owain Lawgoch, twice planned an invasion of Wales with French support.

Aged 16, he was turned down ( because of his age ) by Colonel Henri de La Vaissière ( then representative of the Communist Youth ) when he attempted, in November 1944, to join the French Forces of the Interior ( FFI ).

The Coupe des Alpes struggled on until 1973 until it too succumbed, its demise no doubt hastened by the decision of the French motor sporting authorities to select the Tour de Corse as its representative event in international rally championships.

The French ambassador's representative, Vicomte de Marcellus, arrived just as the statue was being loaded aboard a ship bound for Constantinople and seized the statue and persuaded the island's chief citizens to annul the sale.

The Comorian Security Force ( French Armée nationale de développement ) consist of a small standing army and a 500-member police force, as well as a 500-member defense force.

* The original version of his article " The Production of Security " ( 1849 ), which was entitled in French: " De la production de la sécurité ".

The Israeli Air Force alleged that the reactor's imminent commissioning was a threat to its security, and pre-emptively bombed the Osirak reactor on 7 June 1981, provoking considerable anger from French officials and the United Nations Security Council.

In 1934 Duchamp joined the French Secret Service and between 1935 and 1938 was the Chief of Security at the French Embassy in Berlin.

Only English and French were the Security Council's working languages ( Arabic, Russian, Spanish and Chinese were official but not the working languages ).

The French High Commissioner in Germany André François-Poncet replied that the admiral seemed ill-informed about history and the law, stating that North Korea had attacked South Korea, and that UN forces in Korea were fighting in response to South Korean appeals for help and under the authority of the UN Security Council, which did not correspond at all to the situation with Norway in 1940.

* Financial Security Law of France (" Loi sur la Sécurité Financière ") — French equivalent of Sarbanes – Oxley Act

The DST Economic Security and Protection of National Assets department had units in the 22 regions of France to protect French technology.

He came into the international spotlight as Foreign Minister with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq which culminated with a speech to the UN ( French address on Iraq at the UN Security Council ).

The Political and Security Committee ( PSC or " COPS " from its French acronym ) first established as an interim body in 2000 is described by the Nice European Council Conclusions as the " linchpin " of the European Security and Defence Policy and the Common Foreign and Security Policy.

Jacques Tillier ( a former Directorate of Territorial Security policeman ) had written disparagingly about Mesrine in the French newspaper Minute but on September 10, 1979 he went, rather incautiously, to a clandestine meeting with Mesrine on the promise of an interview.

In his February 9, 2003, column for The Wall Street, Friedman also pointed to the lack of compliance with the United Nations Security Council Resolution regarding Iraq's weapons of mass destruction: " The French position is utterly incoherent.

"– Dominique de Villepin, French Foreign Minister, at the United Nations Security Council on February 14, 2003

The most important French speech during the crisis was made by De Villepin at the Security Council on the 14 February 2003, after Hans Blix presented his detailed report ( see below ).

The project was presented to the United Nations Security Council in mid-April 2007, and quickly gained French and US support.

The first article of the French Code of Social Security describes the principle of solidarity.

Examples of current political groups with strong poujadist leanings include Le Pen's own National Front ( which has a strong anti-tax message ), the Comité de Défense des Commerçants et Artisans of Christian Poucet ( that encouraged French shopkeepers to declare their business in Britain in order to avoid paying the French Social Security taxes ), and the Union des Contribuables Français.

When the UN Security Council discussed Iraq on February 14, 2003, the French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin ended his speech with the words: " This message comes to you today from an old country, France, from a continent like mine, Europe, that has known wars, occupation and barbarity.

A provision decrying human rights abuses by Morocco in Western Sahara had the backing of 14 members of the Security Council, but was deleted due to French objections.

The 2008 French White Paper on Defence and National Security allows for only 300 combat aircraft in service with the French Armed Forces ( French Air Force and French Naval Aviation ).

* CSA-High Council for the Audiovisual Media ( French community )

The French High Council of Biotechnologies Scientific Committee reviewed the 2009 Vendômois et al.

An attempt by the French government to incorporate the independent Breton-language immersion schools ( called Diwan ) into the state education system was blocked by the French Constitutional Council on the grounds that, as the 1992 amendment to the Constitution of the 5th Republic states that French is the language of the Republic, no other language may be used as a language of instruction in state schools.

The French president of the Ministerial Council, Reynaud, attributed the collapse in a speech on 21 May 1940:

Indeed, the Superior Council of the French language of Belgium recommended in 2001 the use of centime, since cent is also the French word for " hundred ".

Due to disagreements between French President Charles de Gaulle and the Commission's agriculture proposals, among other things, France boycotted all meetings of the Council bringing work to a halt until it was resolved the following year by the Luxembourg compromise.

In 1960, with the fall of the ruling Dini administration, Ali Aref Bourhan, a Harbist politician, assumed the seat of Vice President of the Government Council of French Somaliland, representing the UNI party.

The white mantle was assigned to the Templars at the Council of Troyes in 1129, and the cross was most probably added to their robes at the launch of the Second Crusade in 1147, when Pope Eugenius III, King Louis VII of France, and many other notables attended a meeting of the French Templars at their headquarters near Paris.

However, with the Council of Vienne in the fourteenth century, they were proclaimed heretics and persecuted, with large numbers being burned at the stake in Narbonne, Toulouse and other French cities.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

The primary division was between the French and the Imperials ( the followers of the Holy Roman Emperor ), the Imperials wishing to see the Council of Trent reconvened, the French wishing to see it dropped ; a further bone of contention was the Duchy of Parma, for which both the Emperor and the Farnese had claimants.

During the Third French Republic the President of the Council of Ministers acted as President whenever office was vacant.

The French opted out of the Shanghai Municipal Council and maintained its own concession to the south and southwest.

Senior French Cardinal Achille Liénart addressed the Council, saying that the bishops could not intelligently vote for strangers.

The United Nations Economic and Social Council ( ECOSOC ) ( French: ( Le ) Conseil économique et social des Nations unies ; CÉSNU ) constitutes one of the principal organs of the United Nations.

The United Nations Trusteeship Council ( French Le Conseil de tutelle des Nations unies ), one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security.