The French High Council of Biotechnologies Scientific Committee reviewed the 2009 Vendômois et al.

Translations into the vernacular were done by famous notables, including King Alfred ( Old English ), Jean de Meun ( Old French ), Geoffrey Chaucer ( Middle English ), Queen Elizabeth I ( Early Modern English ), and Notker Labeo ( Old High German ).

For this purpose, an agreement was signed with the French government, represented by the High Commissioner for French Polynesia, whereby Clipperton became French state property.

On February 21, 2007, the administration of Clipperton was transferred from the High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia to the Minister of Overseas France.

The French Territory of Afars and Issas also differed from French Somaliland in terms of government structure, as the position of Governor General changed to that of High Commissioner.

The older mixed Vulgate / Diatessaron text type also appears to have continued as a distinct tradition, as such texts appear to underlie surviving 13th-14th century Gospel harmonies in Middle Dutch, Middle High German, Middle French, Middle English, Tuscan and Venetian ; although no example of this hypothetical Latin sub-text has ever been identified.

The French word owes something to both Old High German olbenta " camel ", and to Latin elephantus " elephant ", a word of Greek origin.

The first languages for which standardisation was promoted included Italian (" questione della lingua ": Modern Tuscan / Florentine vs. Old Tuscan / Florentine vs. Venetian > Modern Florentine + archaic Tuscan + Upper Italian ), French ( the standard is based on Parisian ), English ( the standard is based on the London dialect ) and ( High ) German ( based on the dialects of the chancellery of Meissen in Saxony, Middle German and the chancellery of Prague in Bohemia (" Common German ")).

The word flute first entered the English language during the Middle English period, as floute ,, or else flowte, flo ( y ) te, possibly from Old French flaute and from Old Provençal flaüt, or else from Old French fleüte, flaüte, flahute via Middle High German floite or Danish fluit.

The term gambeson is a loan from Old French gambeson, gambaison, originally wambais, formed after the Middle High German term wambeis " doublet ", in turn from Old High German wamba " stomach " ( cognate to womb.

The " difficulty " of English as a written language thus began in the High Middle Ages, when French orthographic conventions were used to spell a language whose original, more suitable orthography had been forgotten after centuries of nonuse.

* Togoland was split into British Togoland ( under an Administrator, a post filled by the colonial Governor of the British Gold Coast ( present Ghana ) except 30 September 1920 – 11 October 1923 Francis Walter Fillon Jackson ) and French Togoland ( under a Commissioner ) ( United Kingdom and France ), 20 July 1922 separate Mandates, transformed on 13 December 1946 into United Nations trust territories, French Togo Associated Territory ( under a Commissioner till 30 August 1956, then under a High Commissioner as Autonomous Republic of Togo ) and British Togoland ( as before ; on 13 December 1956 it ceased to exist as it became part of Ghana )

Unlike in the past there are many types of lutes encountered today: 5-course medieval lutes, renaissance lutes of 6 to 10 courses in many pitches for solo and ensemble performance of Renaissance works, the archlute of Baroque works, 11-course lutes in d-minor tuning for 17th century French, German and Czech music, 13 / 14-course d-minor tuned German Baroque Lutes for later High Baroque and Classical music, theorbo for basso continuo parts in Baroque ensembles, gallichons / mandoras, bandoras, orpharions and others.

The judiciary is modeled on the French system, with a High Constitutional Court, High Court of Justice, Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, criminal tribunals, and tribunals of first instance.

* 2003 – Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, French United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( b. 1933 )

The French State is represented in the territory by a High Commissioner.

The representative of the French central state in New Caledonia is the High Commissioner of the Republic ( Haut-Commissaire de la République, locally known as " haussaire "), who is the head of civil services, and who sits in the government of the territory.

They are written in three different languages: Medieval Latin, Langue d ′ oïl ( Old French ) and Old High German.

* Kamerun was split on 20 July 1922 into British Cameroons ( under a Resident ) and French Cameroun ( under a Commissioner until 27 August 1940, then under a Governor ), on 13 December 1946 transformed into United Nations Trust Territories, again a British ( successively under senior district officers officiating as Resident, a Special Resident and Commissioners ) and a French Trust ( under a Haut Commissaire )

A brief dramatic episode of Marxist-Leninist revolution took place in North America during the October Crisis in the province of Quebec in Canada, where the Marxist-Leninist and Quebec separatist Front de libération du Québec ( FLQ ) kidnapped the British Trade Commissioner in Canada, James Cross, and Quebec government minister Pierre Laporte who was later killed, it issued a manifesto condemning what it considered English Canadian imperialism in French Quebec calling for an independent, socialist Quebec.

The French government ruled it through a Governor-General until the elections of 1957 when a High Commissioner of the République took over.

The Saar Protectorate was headed by a military governor from 30 August 1945: Gilbert Yves Édmond Grandval ( b. 1904 – d. 1981 ), who remained on 1 January 1948 as High Commissioner, and January 1952 – June 1955 as the first of two French ambassadors, his successor being Eric de Carbonnel ( b. 1910 – d. 1965 ) until 1956.

** Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, French U. N. High Commissioner for Refugees ( d. 2003 )

In 2004, France Télécom is likely to have to pay back € 1 billion in alleged unlawful subsidies ( in breach of state aid rules ) it received from the French government, following an 18-month investigation by Mario Monti, the EC Competition Commissioner.

Free French General Georges Catroux was appointed High Commissioner of the Levant.

In late 1942, after the Battle of Madagascar, the Vichy French forces — under Governor-General Armand Léon Annet — were defeated and Free French General Paul Legentilhomme was appointed High Commissioner for Madagascar.

`` Ah, then please tell me where the frontier is because this gentleman here '' -- I indicated the French occupation officer -- `` informs me that Germany is just on the other side of him ''.

The name of Germany and the German language, in French, Allemagne, allemand, in Portuguese Alemanha, alemão, in Spanish Alemania, alemán, and in Welsh ( Yr ) Almaen, almaeneg are derived from the name of this early Germanic tribal alliance.

These were differently sized in different countries, for instance, the historical French acre was 4, 221 square metres, whereas in Germany as many variants of " acre " existed as there were German states.

In the campaign of 1799 he once more opposed Jourdan, whom he defeated in the battles of Ostrach and Stockach, following up his success by invading Switzerland and defeating Masséna in the First Battle of Zürich, after which he re-entered Germany and drove the French once more over the Rhine.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries ' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany.

Germany and its allies infected French cavalry horses and many of Russia ’ s mules and horses on the Eastern Front.

The word borough derives from common Germanic * burg, meaning fort: compare with bury ( England ), burgh ( Scotland ), Burg ( Germany ), borg ( Scandinavia ), burcht ( Dutch ) and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as borgo ( Italian ), bourg ( French ) and burgo ( Spanish and Portuguese ).

The Jansenist and Gallican influence was also strongly felt in Italy and in Germany, where Breviaries based on the French models were published at Cologne, Münster, Mainz and other towns.

Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany.

Félix Éboué in a contemporary World War II cartoonDuring World War II, Chad was the first French colony to rejoin the Allies ( August 26, 1940 ), after the defeat of France by Germany.

Following the downfall of Czechoslovakia and occupation of its Czech part by Nazi Germany in 1939, Czechoslovak units and formations served with the Polish Army ( Czechoslovak Legion ), the French Army, the Royal Air Force, the British Army ( the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade ), and the Red Army ( I Corps ).

Some Chaosium products have been translated into French, Portuguese, Japanese, German, Spanish and Italian, and were available in France from Jeux Descartes, in Germany from Pegasus Press, in Spain from Joc Internacional and La factoría de ideas and in Italy from Stratelibri and Grifo Edizioni.

So a map made in English may use the name Germany for that country, while a German map would use Deutschland and a French map Allemagne.

The democratization of the American, British, and French sectors of occupied Germany ( disputed ), Austria, Italy, and the occupied Japan served as a model for the later theory of regime change.

As he had threatened the French in their rejection of EDC, he afterwards moved to restore Germany, as a full NATO partner.

These theories were given credence by the fact that when Germany surrendered in November 1918, its armies were still in French and Belgian territory, Berlin remained 450 miles from the nearest front, and the German armies retired from the field of battle in good order.

The American, British and French sectors became West Berlin, a part strongly associated with West Germany but a free city.

During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later.

German sociologist Johann Plenge spoke of the rise of a " National Socialism " in Germany within what he termed the " ideas of 1914 " that were a declaration of war against the " ideas of 1789 " ( the French Revolution ).

During the Napoleonic Wars, Freikorps were formed for the purpose of shaking off French rule in Germany.

After 1918, following the defeat of Germany, the League of Nations divided the German colony of Togoland from north to south, a decision that divided the Ewe people among the Gold Coast, British Togoland, and French Togoland.

Post-war occupied Germany: The British ( green ), Soviet ( Red ), American ( Yellow ), and French ( Blue ) occupation zones.