* James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, 17th century statesman, served as Lord Deputy of Ireland on two occasions and commanded Royalist forces in Ireland in the Irish Confederate Wars negotiating with the Irish Confederates on behalf of Charles I.

* Murrough O ' Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin, 6th Baron Inchiquin ( 1618 – 1674 ), of Gaelic Irish descent ; a Parliamentary commander in the Irish Confederate Wars 1644-48 before changing sides to become one of the leaders of the Royalist troops in Ireland during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland ( 1649 – 53 ).

The Protestant leaders of the embattled English parliament, faced with the threat of Irish Catholic troops joining with the Royalist army, requested the aid of the Scots.

So alienated was O ' Neill by the terms of the peace the Confederates had made with Ormonde that he refused to join the Catholic / Royalist coalition and in 1648 his Ulster army fought with other Irish Catholic armies.

In the Royalist centre, Colonel Henry Warren's " Irish " regiment broke, and Erneley's own regiment retreated.

The Parliamentarians mistakenly thought that the " Irish " regiments were Catholics, who they loathed, and also feared their professionalism, but in fact the Royalist general Sir Ralph Hopton wrote of some " Irish " units which joined his army in the South of England at about the same time:

1669 ), Irish soldier and Royalist

The Royalist allied Irish Confederates sent 2000 disciplined Irish soldiers led by Alasdair MacColla across the sea to assist him.

His great-great-great-grandson, the sixth Baron, was a prominent military commander during the Irish Confederate Wars ( 1643 – 48 ), first for the English Parliament, then as a Royalist commander during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland ( 1649 – 53 ) during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Although initially under the command of the Royalist Marquis of Ormonde ( later James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde ), Lord Broghill consented to serve under the parliamentary commissioners in Cork against the Irish Confederates.

However, the Irish and Royalist field armies did not hold any strategic line of defence and instead were demoralised by a constant stream of defeats and withdrawals.

By 1651, the remaining Royalist / Irish forces were hemmed into an area west of the River Shannon, holding only the fortified cities of Limerick and Galway and an enclave in County Kerry, under Donagh MacCarthy, Viscount Muskerry.

The last organised Irish troops surrendered in Cavan in April 1653, when the Cromwellians agreed to let them be transported to serve in the French army – the English Royalist Court was in exile in France.

The village is besieged by Irish Royalist troops searching for John Fowler, the village head man who has sided with Parliament.

* 1644: Scottish Civil War started by the Scottish Royalist Montrose, with the aid of Irish Confederate troops under Alasdair MacColla, including the Scots-Irish forces serving under Manus O ' Cahan

In 1792 elements of the Brigade who had rallied to the emigre Royalist forces were presented with a " farewell banner ," bearing the device of an Irish Harp embroidered with shamrocks and fleurs-de-lis.

The well trained and supplied Parliamentarians crushed all Confederate and Royalist resistance and imposed a harsh settlement on Irish Catholics.

* Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick ( 1634-1715 ), a member of Irish Parliament, Royalist military officer during the English Civil War, and father of the first governor of the Province of New York.

Partly as a result of this disunity, the Irish / Royalist coalition was driven from eastern Ireland by Cromwell, who beat down all resistance by his skill, and even more by his ruthless severity, in a brief campaign of nine months ( storming of Drogheda, 11 September, and of Wexford, 11 October, by Cromwell ; capture of the Irish Confederate capital Kilkenny, 28 March 1650, and of Clonmel, 10 May ).

By May 1652, Cromwell's Parliamentarian army had defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country — bringing to an end the Irish Confederate Wars ( or Eleven Years ' War ).

* 1798 – Wolfe Tone's United Irish and French forces clash with the British Army in the Battle of Castlebar, part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, resulting in the creation of the French puppet Republic of Connaught.

* 1647 – The Irish Confederate Wars and Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Dungan's Hill – English Parliamentary forces defeat Irish forces.

* 1598 – Nine Years ' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford – Irish forces under Hugh O ' Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.

* 1599 – Nine Years ' War: Battle of Curlew Pass – Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O ' Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle.

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

The Irish Volunteers — the smaller of the two forces resulting from the September 1914 split over support for the British war effort — set up a " headquarters staff " that included Patrick Pearse as Director of Military Organisation, Joseph Plunkett as Director of Military Operations and Thomas MacDonagh as Director of Training.

Elsewhere, rebel forces took up positions at the Four Courts, the centre of the Irish legal establishment, at Jacob's Biscuit Factory and Boland's Mill and at the hospital complex at South Dublin Union and the adjoining Distillery at Marrowbone Lane.

* 1876 – A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Pennsylvanian Irish anti-owner coal miners, the " Molly Maguires ", to disband.

Emigration continued into the next century ; over half a million Irish went to Britain in World War II to work in industry and serve in the British armed forces.

* Irish military diaspora, notable individuals, Irish by birth or extraction, who served in non-Irish military forces.

* Irish regiments, many Irish regiments served in non-Irish military forces and took part in several conflicts of world history.

This " Irish Republican Army " of the 1860s comprised the American Fenians ' paramilitary forces, organised into a number of regiments.

However the term Irish Republican Army in its modern sense was first used in the second decade of the 20th century for the rebel forces of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army during the Easter Rising.

The sweeping political dramas ( Land and Freedom, Bread and Roses, The Wind that Shakes the Barley ) examine wider political forces in the context of relationships between family members ( Bread and Roses, The Wind that Shakes the Barley, Carla's Song ), comrades in struggle ( Land and Freedom ) or close friends ( Route Irish ).

An Irish parliament committee, and others, allege that British security forces were involved.

This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

The Irish were gay but made trouble in the house ; the English were of all kinds " She proposes this, after the fact, knowing the chosen Charlotte lasts decades.

For a while there were two different dialects of Irish being spoken on Achill.

A large part of the convict body were the Irish, 25 % of the total convict population.

While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans.

These were followed by significant numbers of freed Africans in the War of 1812, Irish immigrants in the mid 19th century and Dutch immigrants after World War II.

There have been several players in the VFL / AFL who were born outside Australia and since 1982, an increasing number of players have been recruited from outside Australia through initiatives such as the Irish experiment and more recently, international scholarship programs.

On the 1930 tour a delegation led by the Irish lock George Beamish expressed their displeasure at the fact that whilst the blue of Scotland, white of England and red of Wales were represented in the strip there was no green for Ireland.

The Lions were captained by Irish lock Paul O ' Connell.

In June 2009 the British media reported that Argentina were lobbying for the 2013 British and Irish Lions Tour to Australia to incorporate a series of games in Argentina.

Count Horn directed the Prince of Holstein-Beck to take the village, but his two Dutch brigades were cut down by the French and Irish troops, capturing and badly wounding the Prince during the action.

Regarding Ireland the major Liberal achievements were land reform, where he ended centuries of landlord oppression ), the disestablishment of the ( Anglican ) Church of Ireland through the Irish Church Act 1869.

Banshees were said to appear for particular Irish families, though which families made it onto this list varied depending on who was telling the story.

While the crew spent six weeks shooting on location in Scotland, the major battle scenes were shot in the Republic of Ireland using members of the Irish Army Reserve as extras.

Additional awards were presented to the British fleet: Nelson was awarded £ 2, 000 (£ as of ) a year for life by the Parliament of Great Britain and £ 1, 000 per annum by the Parliament of Ireland, although the latter was inadvertently discontinued after the Act of Union dissolved the Irish Parliament.

A number of other European languages have cognate words that were borrowed from the Germanic languages during the Middle Ages, including brog in Irish, bwr or bwrc, meaning " wall, rampart " in Welsh, bourg in French, burg in Catalan ( in Catalonia there is a town named Burg ), borgo in Italian, and burgo in Spanish ( hence the place-name Burgos ).

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

It was faced with the prospect of battling Anglo-Irish and Ulster Scots peoples in Ireland, who alongside their other Irish groups had raised their own volunteer army and threatened to emulate the American colonists if their conditions were not met.

The Black and Tans () were one of two ad hoc paramilitary units employed by the Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC ) as Temporary Constables from 1920 to 1921 to suppress revolution in Ireland, the other body being the Auxiliaries.

The late 19th and early 20th centuries in Ireland were dominated by Irish nationalists ' pursuit of Home Rule ( or even independence ) from the United Kingdom.

However, many of the atrocities popularly attributed to the Black and Tans may have been committed by the Auxiliary Division ; and some were committed by Irish RIC men.

A total of 404 members of the Royal Irish Constabulary died in the conflict and more than 600 were wounded but it is not clear how many of these were pre-war RIC men and how many were Black and Tans or Auxiliaries.