The Layene are a politically autonomous religious community of the Lebou people, who live in fishing communities on the Cap-Vert peninsula, north of Dakar, Senegal.

The Lebou ( Lébou ) are an ethnic group of Senegal, West Africa, living on the peninsula of Cap-Vert.

The Lebou are noted for their public exorcism dances and rituals, often attended by tourists.

In addition to Yoff, other Lebou centres are nearby Ouakam, Cambérène and Ngor.

Fishing is an important local industry, as are the Lebou ndeup healing ceremonies ( see Saltigue ).

Yumboes, are a kind of fairies in the mythology of the Wolof people ( most likely Lebou ) on Goree Island ( Senegal, West Africa ).

Originally a Lebou fishing village called Tenguedj (), Rufisque became important in the 16th century as the principal port of the kingdom of Cayor, being frequented by Portuguese ( who named it Rio Fresco or " Freshwater River "), Dutch, French and English traders.

In 1857 the French established a military post at Ndakaaru ( which they called " Dakar ") and annexed the Lebou Republic, though its institutions continued to function nominally.

In addition to Cayor, the Damels also ruled over the Lebou area at Cap-Vert ( where modern Dakar is ), and they became the " Teignes " ( rulers ) of the neighboring kingdom of Baol.

However, given the prevailing winds and ocean currents in the region, the islands may well have been visited by Moors or Wolof, Serer, or perhaps Lebou fishermen from the Guinea ( region ) coast.

The Cape Vert peninsula was settled, no later than the 15th century, by the Lebou people, an aquacultural ethnic group related to the neighboring Wolof and Sereer.

The original villages: Ouakam, Ngor, Yoff and Hann, still constitute distinctively Lebou neighborhoods of the city today.

A new Lebou village, called Ndakaaru, was established directly across from Gorée in the 17th century to service the European trading factory with food and drinking water.

In 1795 the Lebou of Cape Verde revolted against Cayor rule.

A new theocratic state, subsequently called the " Lebou Republic " by the French, was established under the leadership of the Diop, a Muslim clerical family originally from Koki in Cayor.

The Serigne ( also spelled Sëriñ, " Lord ") of Ndakaaru is still recognized as the traditional political authority of the Lebou by the Senegalese State today.

As first occupants of the land, the Lebou inhabitants of the city successfully resisted this expropriation.

Meanwhile, the Layene Sufi order, established by Seydina Mouhammadou Limamou Laye, was thriving among the Lebou in Yoff and in a new village called Cambérène.

Sometimes considered a scribal error for Lubim, a reference to the Lebou of Eastern Libya.

Wolof originated as the language of the Lebou people.

In 1812 the political independence of the Lebou from the Kingdom of Cayor was recognized.

The indigenous inhabitants of the peninsula, the Lebou, lived as fishermen and farmers.

Lebou society empahasizes piety and respect for elders.

Lebou families include not only living people but also associated ancestral spirits.

The son of a fisherman, Ousmane Sembène was born in Ziguinchor in Casamance to a Lebou family.

The Wolof with notes on the Serer and the Lebou ", By David P. Gamble & Linda K. Salmon with Alhaji Hassan Njie, San Francisco ( 1985 )

As a creative enterprise, its abilities are primarily in `` swallowing '' creative enterprises developed outside its own organization ( an ability made possible by us, and almost mandatory ).

When these fields are surveyed together, important patterns of relationship emerge indicating a vast community of reciprocal influence, a continuity of thought and expression including many traditions, primarily literary, religious, and philosophical, but frequently including contact with the fine arts and even, to some extent, with science.

Research and development activities undertaken by the Secretary shall be coordinated or conducted jointly with the Department of Defense to the end that developments under this Act which are primarily of a civil nature will contribute to the defense of the Nation and that developments which are primarily of a military nature will, to the greatest practicable extent compatible with military and security requirements, be available to advance the purposes of this Act and to strengthen the civil economy of the Nation.

Some 45 frequencies are assigned for use primarily by dominant Class 1, -- A or Class 1, -- B clear-channel stations, designed to operate with adequate power and to provide service -- both groundwave and ( at night ) skywave -- over large areas and at great distances, being protected against interference to the degree necessary to achieve this objective.

Almost all of the 3,000 lumber dealers who cater primarily to the new-house market and supply 90% of this year's new houses are mechanized.

These widely advertised products, which are used primarily for washing clothes, are based on high-sudsing, synthetic organic actives ( sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates ) and contain up to 50% by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate or a mixture of sodium tripolyphosphate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.

The alveoli and respiratory bronchioles are primarily diffusing tissues.

The growing contacts between Aegean and Orient are also a phase which should be linked primarily to the remarkable broadening of Hellenic culture after 750.

Both are primarily concerned with the uses that can be made of the material that the collector has found.

Chief among the seed crops grown primarily for industrial uses are the oil-bearing seeds -- flax, castor, tung ( nuts from the China wood-oil tree ), perilla ( from an Oriental mint ), and oiticica ( from a Brazilian tree ).

Sizable amounts of soybean, coconut, and palm kernel oil -- seed oils that are produced primarily for food purposes -- also are used to make soaps, detergents, and paint resins.

Afroasiatic languages are today primarily spoken in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel.

Amphibians have a urinary bladder and nitrogenous waste products are excreted primarily as urea.

Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations.

Angola-Israel relations, primarily based on trade and pro-United States foreign policies, are excellent.

Programming languages are primarily intended for expressing algorithms in a form that can be executed by a computer, but are often used as a way to define or document algorithms.

Words primarily used in Austria are Jänner ( January ) rather than Januar, heuer ( this year ) rather than dieses Jahr, Stiege ( stairs ) instead of Treppe, Rauchfang ( chimney ) instead of Schornstein, many administrative, legal and political terms – and a whole series of foods and vegetables such as: Erdäpfel ( potatoes ) German Kartoffeln ( but Dutch Aardappel ), Schlagobers ( whipped cream ) German Schlagsahne, Faschiertes ( ground beef ) German Hackfleisch, Fisolen ( green beans ) German Gartenbohne ( but Czech fazole and Italian fagioli ), Karfiol ( cauliflower ) German Blumenkohl ( but Italian cavolfiore ), Kohlsprossen ( Brussels sprouts ) German Rosenkohl, Marillen ( apricots ) German Aprikosen but Slovak marhuľa, Paradeiser ( tomatoes ) German Tomaten, Palatschinken ( pancakes ) German Pfannkuchen ( but Czech palačinky ), Topfen ( a semi-sweet cottage cheese ) German Quark and Kren ( horseradish ) German Meerrettich ( but Czech křen ).

While the improvements are attributed primarily to changes in the brain and not just the hip and / or ankle joints, it is still unknown whether the improvements are due to adaptations in the cerebellum or compensation by other areas of the brain.