The Macedonian phalanx of Aelian had many points of resemblance to the solid masses of pikemen and the squadrons of cavalry of the Spanish and Dutch systems, and the translations made in the 16th century formed the groundwork of numerous books on drill and tactics.

In addition to these heavy cavalry, the Macedonian army also employed lighter horsemen called prodromoi for scouting and screening, as well as the Macedonian pike phalanx and various kinds of light infantry.

Although clearly a development of the hoplite, the Macedonian phalanx was tactically more versatile, especially used in the combined arms tactics favoured by the Macedonians.

The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II and used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire and other armies.

The Macedonian cavalry fought in wedge formation and was stationed on the far right ; after these broke through the enemy lines they were followed by the hypaspists, elite infantrymen who served as the king's bodyguard, and then the phalanx proper.

In Phillip's and Alexander's time, the Macedonian phalanx had clear technical superiority.

Emperor Caracalla ( 2nd-3rd c. AD ) had formed a Macedonian phalanx of 16, 000 men all born in Macedonia and commanded by officers bearing the names of Alexander's officers.

Also Severus Alexander ( 3rd c. AD ) had an imitation of the Macedonian phalanx of 30, 000 " phalangarii " and with this he won many victories in the Persian wars.

simple: Macedonian phalanx

However, pankration was more than just an event in the athletic competitions of the ancient Greek world ; it was also part of the arsenal of Greek soldiers – including the famous Spartan hoplites and Alexander the Great's Macedonian phalanx.

* 168 BC: Battle of Pydna — The Macedonian phalanx defeated by Romans.

* The general leading the Achaean League, Philopoemen, introduces heavier Macedonian armour and phalanx tactics.

A similar weapon, the sarissa, was also used by Alexander the Great's Macedonian phalanx infantry to great effect.

Macedonian phalanx

With the later Battle of Pydna, this defeat demonstrates the superiority of the Roman legion over the Macedonian phalanx.

The phalanx took up the center of the Macedonian line, with the elite 3, 000-strong Guard formed to the left of the phalanx.

Lighter peltasts, mercenaries and Thracian infantry guarded the two flanks of the phalanx, while the Macedonian cavalry was also most probably arrayed on both flanks.

The legions of Titus confronted and defeated Philip at the Aous, However the decisive encounter came at Cynoscephalae in Thessaly in June 197 BC, when the legions of Flamininus defeated Philip's Macedonian phalanx.

This defeat was largely due to the inflexibility of Macedonian phalanx tactics compared to the maniple-based tactics of the Roman legions.

he posted his 16, 000 strong phalanx, armed in the Macedonian fashion in the center in brigades ( taxeis ) of 1, 600 men, 50 men wide and 32 men deep.

The traditional hoplite infantry was no match for the novel long-speared Macedonian phalanx: the Theban army and its allies broke and fled, but the Sacred Band, although surrounded and overwhelmed, refused to surrender.

Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

With the assistance of Corinth and Athens, it escaped complete domination at Philip's hands, but was nevertheless forced to accept a Macedonian garrison.

In 294 BC, after forty-three years of semi-autonomy under Macedonian suzerainty, Ambracia was given by the son of Cassander to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, who made it his capital, and adorned it with palace, temples and theatres.

But once the bulk of the Macedonian army had retired, the states of Thessaly feared the return and vengeance of Alexander, and so sent for aid to Thebes, whose policy it was to put a check on any neighbor who might otherwise become too formidable.

In exchange for this support, Amyntas granted them rights to Macedonian timber, which was sent back to Athens to help fortify their fleet.

In 148 BC, in what the Romans called the Fourth Macedonian War, he was defeated by the Roman praetor Q. Caecilius Metellus ( 148 ) at the Second Battle of Pydna, and fled to Thrace, whose prince gave him up to Rome, thus marking the final end to Andriskos ' reign of Macedonia.

Rome declared war on Perseus in 171 BC and after the Macedonian army was crushed at the Battle of Pydna ( 168 BC ), Macedonia was split up into 4 Roman puppet-cantons ( 167 BC ).

In 1934, King Aleksandar was assassinated abroad, in Marseille, by a coalition of the Ustaše and a similarly radical movement, the Macedonian pro-Bulgarian VMORO.

A Discourse of Sallets: " Sellery, apium Italicum, ( and of the Petroseline Family ) was formerly a stranger with us ( nor very long since in Italy ) is an hot and more generous sort of Macedonian Persley or Smallage ... and for its high and grateful Taste is ever plac'd in the middle of the Grand Sallet, at our Great Men's tables, and Praetors feasts, as the Grace of the whole Board ".

The weakness of Germany's strategic position was exacerbated by the rapid collapse of the other Central Powers in late 1918, following Allied victories on the Macedonian and Italian fronts.

It is said that he died in Macedonia after being attacked by the Molossian hounds of King Archelaus and that his cenotaph near Piraeus was struck by lightningsigns of his unique powers, whether for good or ill ( according to one modern scholar, his death might have been caused instead by the harsh Macedonian winter ).

" This was a characteristic of the Macedonian missions, as 2 Cor.

In the 1920s, Fascist Italy pursued an aggressive foreign policy that included an attack on the Greek island of Corfu, aims to expand Italian territory in the Balkans, plans to wage war against Turkey and Yugoslavia, attempts to bring Yugoslavia into civil war by supporting Croat and Macedonian separatists to legitimize Italian intervention, and making Albania a de facto protectorate of Italy, which was achieved through diplomatic means by 1927.

The Foreign Legion was also in the Dardanelles and Macedonian front, and was highly decorated for its efforts.

After the Macedonian conquests of the 4th century BC, the hoplite was slowly abandoned in favour of the phalangite, armed in the Macedonian fashion, in the armies of the southern Greek states.

According to the Suda, he was buried in Macedonian Pella and in the agora in Thurium.

Another direct consequence was that the destruction of the Macedonian Army sealed the fate of the Ottoman Vardar Army, which was fighting the Serbs to the north.

It was taken by the Thebans and afterwards by the Macedonian kings, and Demetrius Poliorcestes gained possession of it for a time, 302 BC.

As the chief city of ancient Thessaly, Larissa was directly annexed by Philip II of Macedon in 344, and from then on Larissa was under Macedonian control ; in 196 B. C.

It is remarkable that the Macedonian converts were, as a class, very poor ( 2 Cor.

Verlan is also very similar, if not identical, to the slang often used in Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia and Macedonia in the Serbo-Croat languages and Macedonian.

Though the decline of the Roman Empire was the main subject which Zosimus selected, it was perhaps his ambition to imitate Polybius which led him to introduce various matters connected with Persian, Grecian, and Macedonian history, which are not very intimately connected with his main design.

After Alexander's death, when the other senior Macedonian officers unloaded their " Susa wives " en masse, Seleucus was one of the very few who kept his, and Apama remained his consort and later Queen for the rest of her life.

Although very long spears had been used since the dawn of organized warfare ( notably illustrated in art showing Sumerian and Minoan warriors and hunters ), the earliest recorded use of a pike-like weapon in the tactical method described above involved the Macedonian sarissa, used by the troops of Alexander the Great's father, Philip II of Macedon, and successive dynasties, which dominated warfare for several centuries in many countries.

The second ruler of the Macedonian dynasty ( although his parentage is unclear ), he was very well-read, leading to his surname.

Contributed to the development of hip hop music in Macedonia, Vladimir Agovski became involved in the Macedonian hip-hop scene since childhood as a very young b-boy in 1986.

Like other European and Asian white pines, Macedonian Pine is very resistant to White Pine Blister Rust ( Cronartium ribicola ).

by the very short-lived Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great, and then successor kingdoms such as Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid state in Western Asia.

In 198 the Second Macedonian War broke out for obscure reasons, but very likely because Rome saw Macedon as a potential ally of the Seleucids, the greatest power in the east.

There is, in fact, very little historical continuity from the insurrections to the modern state, but Macedonian sources tend to emphasize the early goals of political autonomy when IMARO was established.

This time, however, they had to agree to very harsh terms ; a Macedonian garrison would remain in the city and 100 gold talents as well as 4. 000 horses would be given in tax annually.

It would be the first time in history that two very different juggernauts of war clashed: the Roman Legion, and the Macedonian Phalanx.

He became notable as one of very few who wrote an account of his experiences, titled, in the manner of the time, Thirty Years from Home, or a Voice from the Main Deck ; Being the Experience of Samuel Leech, Who Was Six Years in the British and American Navies: Was Captured in the British Frigate Macedonian: Afterwards Entered the American Navy, and Was Taken in the United States Brig Syren, by the British Ship Medway.

Therefore, although a Macedonian phalanx would have formed up in a similar manner to the hoplite phalanx, it possessed very different tactical properties.

He also sang many duets with the very popular female Macedonian singer, Ljupka Dimitrovska.

The name Daska sounds very familiar in Serbian ( Croatian, Macedonian ) and means batten or sill.

In the novel, the very young ( only 17 years old ) and already famous Athenian hetaera Tais meets the exiled heir to the Macedonian throne and his childhood friends Hephaestion, Nearchus and Ptolemy.

The Macedonian phalanx itself was thus not very different from the hoplite phalanx of other Greek states as a formation.

The Resolution of the Comintern for official recognition of the Macedonian nation and Macedonian language, although published as a resolution of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization ( United ), was undoubtedly the most significant international acknowledgement of the Macedonian national individuality, which had very favorable consequences for its development and affirmation.