As the Ottoman Empire further fragmented during the Balkan Wars, much of the non-Christian populations of its former possessions, mainly the Balkan Muslims, flocked to Anatolia and were resettled in various locations, mostly in formerly Christian villages throughout Anatolia.

* In 1990 12 soldiers were sent to Trinidad after a failed coup attempt by radical Black Muslims against the constitutionally elected government headed by Prime Minister A. N. R.

In some cases, however, people that were conquered by the Muslims would rebel and revert to prior forms of worship.

The Muslims and Christians were organized into separate communities, each having its own leader ; five leaders represented the village in the mid-16th century, three of whom were Muslims.

The first group of Ottomans who entered the city were killed almost immediately, with the effect that the other Muslims began to retreat.

In 1939 Muslim leaders Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Ma Fuliang were sent by Chiang to several Middle eastern countries, including Egypt, Turkey, and Syria, to gain support for the Chinese War against Japan, and to express his support for Muslims.

Quotes from the Quran and Hadith were used by Muslims in the Kuomintang-controlled Muslim publication, the Yuehua, to justify Chiang Kai-shek's rule over China.

ROC flags were saluted by Muslims in Ningxia during prayer along with exhortations to nationalism during Chiang's rule.

Shi ' a Muslims believe that Ali, the son-in-law and cousin of Muhammad, should have replaced Muhammad as Caliph and that Caliphs were to assume authority through appointment by God rather than being chosen by the people.

Cases were taken out against Muslims, against other dhimmis and even against members of the dhimmi ’ s own family.

Oaths sworn by dhimmis in the Muslim courts were sometimes the same as the oaths taken by Muslims, sometimes tailored to the dhimmis ’ beliefs.

Muslims and Jews were sometimes partners in trade, with the Muslim taking days off on Fridays and jews taking off on Saturdays.

After India was invaded by the Mongol Khans and Turkic Muslims, the rulers of their major states on the subcontinent were titled Sultān, In this manner, the only empress-regnant ever to have actually sat on the throne of Delhi was Razia Sultan.

Greek medicine was part of Greek culture, and Syrian Eastern Christians came in contact with it while the Eastern Roman Empire ( Byzantium ) ruled Syria and Western Mesopotamia, regions that were conquered from Byzantium in the 7th century by Arab Muslims.

), these verses had previously endorsed them as intercessors for Muslims, but were abrogated.

A series of religiously-motivated military expeditions originally intended to liberate the Levant from Muslims, several Crusader States were founded in the eastern Mediterranean.

The Inquisition was established and Jews and Muslims who refused to convert were expelled from the country.

Tariq's commander, Musa bin Nusair, quickly crossed with reinforcements, and by 718 the Muslims were in control of nearly the whole Iberian Peninsula.

Although until the 13th century religious minorities ( Jews and Muslims ) had enjoyed considerable tolerance in Castilla and Aragon – the only Christian kingdoms where Jews were not restricted from any professional occupation – the situation of the Jews collapsed over the 14th century, reaching a climax in 1391 with large scale massacres in every major city except Ávila.

Over the following decades, Muslims faced the same fate and about 60 years after the Jews, they were also compelled to convert (" moriscos ") or be expelled.

Although further outraged at the League's boycott of the assembly and non-acceptance of the plan of 16 May despite entering government, he was also aware that Jinnah did enjoy popular support amongst Muslims, and that an open conflict between him and the nationalists could degenerate into a Hindu-Muslim civil war of disastrous consequences.

According to a former inmate who was housed at Deuel with Washington the Black Muslims and the BGF, aware of the spread of the Crips in Los Angeles, warned Washington that they weren't going to tolerate a formation of the Crips in the prison.

These and other variations on the theme were all set in the " temper of the times " of the Muslim-Christian conflict as Medieval Europe was becoming aware of its great enemy in the wake of the quickfire success of the Muslims through a series of conquests shortly after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, as well as the lack of real information in the West of the mysterious east.

Muslims had been aware of the printing press since the 15th century, but it was not until 1727 – 272 years after Gutenberg that the Şeyhülislam released a fetva decreeing its compatibility with Islam.

It speaks about the Islamic empire at its best and worst and aims to forewarn the Muslims of the sub-continent, make them more aware of their past and help them learn from their forefathers ' mistakes.

He was aware that he was different from most conservationists of his time-who were either European or were from the Indian aristocracy of Muslims and Rajputs often former hunters-in being a vegetarian.

Kaikobad's literary inspiration derived from his desire to make the backward Muslims aware of their rich tradition and heritage and thereby help restore their glory.

By the 1960s, Muslims had become openly dissatisfied with this system, aware that their own higher birthrate and the higher emigration rate among Christians had by this time almost certainly produced a Muslim majority, which the parliamentary distribution did not reflect.

Serjeant agrees with this and opines that the Qurayza were aware of the two parts of a pact made between Muhammad and the Jewish tribes in the confederation according to which " Jews having their religion and the Muslims having their religion excepting anyone who acts wrongfully and commits crime / acts treacherously / breaks an agreement, for he but slays himself and the people of his house.

Ilyas al-Kandhlawi became aware of the condition of Muslims in Mewat and their deviation from the tenets of Islam.

However, i ' thar is also still an Islamic ideal to which all Muslims should strive to adhere at all times.

In 1885, at the age of eight, he succeeded his father as Imam of the Shi ' a Isma ' ili Muslims.

After friendly correspondence with the caliph at Baghdad, whom he acknowledged as Amir al-Mu ' minin (" Commander of the Faithful "), Yusuf ibn Tashfin in 1097 assumed the title of Amir al Muslimin (" Commander of the Muslims ").

He died in September 1134 after an unsuccessful battle with the Muslims at the Battle of Fraga.

The Islamic conquest of Afghanistan ( 642 – 870 ) began in the middle of the 7th century after the Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, when Arab Muslims defeated the Sassanid Empire at the battles of Walaja, al-Qādisiyyah and Nahavand.

In 1305, after the issuing of a fatwa by the scholar Ibn Taymiyyah calling for jihad against all non-Sunni Muslims like the Druze, Alawites, Ismaili, and twelver Shiites, al-Malik al-Nasir inflicted a disastrous defeat on the Druze at Keserwan and forced outward compliance on their part to orthodox Sunni Islam.

An early Muslim tradition is that the Negus Ashama ibn Abjar offered asylum to a group of Muslims fleeing persecution during Muhammad's life ( 615 ), but Stuart Munro-Hay believes that Axum had been abandoned as the capital by then – although Kobishchanov states that Ethiopian raiders plagued the Red Sea, preying on Arabian ports at least as late as 702.

The Greek fire was utilized to great effect against the Muslim fleets, helping to repel the Muslims at the first and second Arab sieges of the city.

The Christian kingdoms to the North had also, at times, treated Muslims harshly.

He used to give himself titles such as " King of Kings ", " leader of the Arab leaders " and " imam of the Muslims " ( at the 2009 Arab League Summit ).

75. 3 percent of them are Jewish ( about 5, 865, 300 individuals ), 20. 5 percent are Arabs ( about 1, 597, 300 individuals ), while the remaining 4. 3 percent ( about 318, 200 individuals ) are defined as " others " ( family members of Jewish immigrants who are not registered at the Interior Ministry as Jews, non-Arab Christians, non-Arab Muslims and residents who do not have a religious classification ).

Islamists have, at least at times, defined themselves as " Islamiyyoun / Islamists " to differentiate themselves from " Muslimun / Muslims ".

" Despite Afghanistan's great poverty, they had little interest in social, economic and technological development – at one time explaining that " we Muslims believe God the Almighty will feed everybody one way or another.

Muslims believe that Allah ( God ) will hold every human, Muslim and non-Muslim, accountable for his or her deeds at a preordained time unknown to man.

* 920 – Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from Navarre and Léon against the Muslims at Pamplona.

This is because it does not explicitly state the aims of the war Muslims are obliged to wage ; the passages concerning jihad rather aim at promoting fighters for the Islamic cause and do not discuss military ethics.

More recently, modern Muslims have tried to re-interpret the Islamic sources, stressing that Jihad is essentially defensive warfare aimed at protecting Muslims and Islam.

Admittedly Muslims were discouraged from performing most Hindu rites, with Jahangir lamenting that many Muslims prayed at a temple dedicated to Durga, and worshipped at a black stone.

Being a surprisingly tolerant and pluralistic society, even its army incorporated Jews, Christians, Muslims and Pagans at a time when religious warfare was the order of the day around the Mediterranean and in Western Europe.