The traditional class Reptile | Reptilia ( green field ) is a paraphyletic group comprising all amniote s other than the mammals and birds. Paraphyly is a characteristic of some groups of organisms and families of languages.

* Rice, Nathan H. ( 2005b ): Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae ( Passeriformes ).

* Rice, Nathan H. ( 2005b ): Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae ( Passeriformes ).

* Rice, Nathan H. ( 2005b ): Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae ( Passeriformes ).

* Rice, Nathan H. ( 2005b ): Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae ( Passeriformes ).

* ( 2007 ): Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops ( Anura, Ranidae ) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus.

* Cai, Hong-xia ; Che, Jing, Pang, Jun-feng ; Zhao, Er-mi & Zhang, Ya-ping ( 2007 ): Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops ( Anura, Ranidae ) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus.

This is an ancient ( known from the Upper Permian ) and fairly isolated group that is often known as the " flowering ferns " because of the striking aspect of the ripe sporangia in Osmunda and Osmundastrum.

The most striking finding is that O. cinnamomeum, despite its apparent similarity to Osmunda claytoniana, is actually the most anciently-derived species of the family, and so is a sister clade to the clade that comprises Osmunda, Todea, and Leptopteris ( Jud et al.

Species of the genus Anemia are sometimes called flowering ferns, but this term is more commonly applied to ferns of the genus Osmunda.

Osmunda is a genus of primarily temperate-zone ferns of family Osmundaceae.

The genus is known in the fossil record back to the Triassic period from fragmentary foliage nearly identical to the living Osmunda claytoniana.

Osmunda claytoniana, the Interrupted fern, is a fern native to Eastern Asia and eastern North America, in the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada.

claytoniana has been found in the fossil record as far back as the Triassic, and is known as † Osmunda claytoniites

Osmunda claytoniana is found in humid zones, mostly in forests, but also in more open habitats and biomes, although rarely in bogs.

Osmunda × ruggii, is a hybrid between O. claytoniana and O. spectabilis ( American Royal Fern ).

The hybrid is considered important because it suggests a closer genetic relationship between O. claytoniana and O. spectabilis than between O. claytoniana and O. cinnamomeum ( a fact which has led to moving O. cinnamomeum out of Osmunda and into its own genus Osmundastrum ).

Osmunda × ruggii is sterile and is known from only about two natural populations, despite the many areas in which both O. claytoniana and O. regalis are found.

Osmunda claytoniana is cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in traditional, native plant, and wildlife gardens ; for woodlands and natural landscaping ; and for habitat restoration projects.

Osmunda regalis, the Old World Royal fern, is a species of Osmunda, native to Europe, Africa, and Asia, growing in woodland bogs.

Osmunda regalis is a deciduous, herbaceous plant which produces separate fertile and sterile fronds.

Recent genetic analysis ( Metzgar et al., 2008 ) has shown that the New World varieties are in a clade that is sister to the Old World varieties of Osmunda regalis.

Osmunda species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the engrailed.

The flushes are dominated by Purple Moor-grass Molinia caerulea and typical species occurring here include Cross-leaved Heath Erica tetralix, Tormentil Potentilla erecta, Sharp-flowered Rush Juncus acutiflorus and Royal Fern Osmunda regalis.

In Japan, fiddleheads of flowering fern ( Osmunda japonica ), known as zenmai ( 薇 ) in Japanese, as well as those of the ostrich fern ( Matteuccia struthiopteris ), known as kogomi ( コゴミ ), are commonly eaten in springtime.

* Osmunda × ruggii: O. claytoniana × O. spectabilis

* Osmunda × intermedia: O. lancea × O. japonica

* Osmunda mildei: apparently a species, but arising from O. angustifolia × O. japonica

Osmunda cinnamomea var.

Osmunda ( Osmundaceae ) from the Triassic of Antarctica: An example of evolutionary stasis.

Fragmentary foliage resembling Osmunda.

The Osmunda claytoniana fronds are bipinnate, 40 – 100 cm tall and 20 – 30 cm broad, the blade formed of alternate segments forming an arching blade tightening to a pointed end.

* Confirmed: a clinically compatible case that is either laboratory-confirmed or epidemiologically linked to a laboratory-confirmed case

An example of the usage of this word is as follows: "... Thomas Fraser, Gregor Van Iveren and John Schaver having some time since been Confirmed by the Committee of the County of Albany for being Persons disaffected to the Cause of America and whose going at large may be dangerous to the State, Ordered Thereupon that a Mittimus be made out to keep them confined till such time as they be discharged by the Board or any other three of the Commissioners.

In Islam, the turban is a Sunnah Mu ' akkadah ( Confirmed Tradition ).

* A Forward Confirmed reverse DNS verification can create a form of authentication that there is a valid relationship between the owner of a domain name and the owner of the network that has been given an IP address.

Simply, a ' Proforma Invoice ' is a Confirmed Purchase Order where buyer and Supplier agree on the Product Detail and cost to be shipped to buyer.

Exposure level is assessed as Confirmed Exposure, Unknown Exposure, and Confirmed Absence of Exposure by the IOM, CDC and Canadian diagnostic systems.

Confirmed polymyositis with the skin signs is known as dermatomyositis.

This fact is acknowledged by Locke in " Confirmed Dead ".

It is possible, although highly doubtful, that he killed none at all but merely let his reputation work for him by privately claiming every unsolved murder in the state.

The place is inhabited by several hundred warlike women who are anachronisms of the Twentieth Century -- stone age amazons who live in an all-female, matriarchal society which is self-sufficient ''.

since Bourbon whiskey, though of Kentucky origin, is at least as much favored by liberals in the North as by conservatives in the South.

In fact it has caused us to give serious thought to moving our residence south, because it is not easy for the most objective Southerner to sit calmly by when his host is telling a roomful of people that the only way to deal with Southerners who oppose integration is to send in troops and shoot the bastards down.

But apart from racial problems, the old unreconstructed South -- to use the moderate words favored by Mr. Thomas Griffith -- finds itself unsympathetic to most of what is different about the civilization of the North.

The two main charges levelled against the Bourbons by liberals is that they are racists and social reactionaries.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

Ratified in the Republican Party victory in 1952, the Positive State is now evidenced by political campaigns being waged not on whether but on how much social legislation there should be.

He was, and is, with the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit pool of thinkers financed by the U.S. Air Force.

They are huge areas which have been swept by winds for so many centuries that there is no soil left, but only deep bare ridges fifty or sixty yards apart with ravines between them thirty or forty feet deep and the only thing that moves is a scuttling layer of sand.

It is softened by the saltbush and the bluebush, has a peaceful quality, the hills roll softly.

On Fridays, the day when many Persians relax with poetry, talk, and a samovar, people do not, it is true, stream into Chehel Sotun -- a pavilion and garden built by Shah Abbas 2, in the seventeenth century -- but they do retire into hundreds of pavilions throughout the city and up the river valley, which are smaller, more humble copies of the former.

Poetry in Persian life is far more than a common ground on which -- in a society deeply fissured by antagonisms -- all may stand.

Nostalgic Yankee readers of Erskine Caldwell are today informed by proud Georgians that Tobacco Road is buried beneath a four-lane super highway, over which travel each day suburbanite businessmen more concerned with the Dow-Jones average than with the cotton crop.

All but the most rabid of Confederate flag wavers admit that the Old Southern tradition is defunct in actuality and sigh that its passing was accompanied by the disappearance of many genteel and aristocratic traditions of the reputedly languid ante-bellum way of life.

Westbrook further bemoans the Southern writers' creation of an unreal image of their homeland, which is too readily assimilated by both foreign readers and visiting Yankees: `` Our northerner is suspicious of all this crass evidence ( of urbanization ) presented to his senses.

As his disciples boast, even though his emphasis is elsewhere, Faulkner does show his awareness of the changing order of the South quite keenly, as can be proven by a quick recalling of his Sartoris and Snopes families.

The unit of form is determined subjectively: `` the Heart, by the way of the Breath, to the Line ''.