On the other hand, the year of the consecration derives from the grant of the first privilege to the Abbey from Pope Constantine " written in the seven hundred and ninth year of our Lord ’ s incarnation.

Otherwise, Philologists such as Pope ( 1934 ) estimate that perhaps still fifteen percent of the vocabulary of modern French derives from Germanic sources, but its proportion was bigger in Old French, because the French language was consequently relatinized and partly italianized by the clerics and the “ grammarians ” in the Middle Ages and later.

In this view, the Catholic Church — composed of all baptized, professing Catholics, both clergy and laity — is the unified, visible society founded by Christ himself, and its hierarchy derives its spiritual authority through the centuries, via apostolic succession of its bishops, most especially through the bishop of Rome ( the Pope ) whose successorship comes from St. Peter the Apostle, whom Christ gave " the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven ".

Its association with St Gregory derives from a vision by Pope Gregory the Great when celebrating mass of Christ's real presence and sacrifice in the eucharistic bread.

Pope Innocent I ( 401-417 ) claimed that all major cases should be reserved to the see of Rome and wrote: " All must preserve that which Peter the prince of the apostles delivered to the church at Rome and which it has watched over until now, and nothing may be added or introduced that lacks this authority or that derives its pattern from somewhere else.

In the Catholic Church, the style, which derives from the Latin Sanctitas, is used when referring to the Pope.

The present name " Congregation for Catholic Education ( in Seminaries and Institutes of Study )" derives from Pope John Paul II's 1988 apostolic constitution entitled Pastor Bonus.

The word Pope derives from Greek πάππας meaning " Father ".

During the pontificate of Pope Paul III the Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent ( 1545 – 7 ), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna ( 1547 ).

Following his accession to the papacy, Urban VIII is reported to have said, " Your luck is great to see Cardinal Maffeo Barberini Pope, Cavaliere ; but ours is much greater to have Cavalier Bernini alive in our pontificate.

Other historians suggest that this title was already used in this way in association with the pontificate of Pope Eugenius III ( 1145 – 1153 ).

He went to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Urban VIII ( 1623 – 44 ), and was made governor of Terni, Rieti, and Spoleto.

After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or " stop-gap " pope.

Twenty-two Johns of indisputable legitimacy have Pope, and almost all had a brief pontificate.

The 16th-century Italian historian Onofrio Panvinio, commenting on one of Bartolomeo Platina's works that refer to Pope Joan, theorized that the story of Pope Joan may have originated from tales of Pope John XII ; John reportedly had many mistresses, including one called Joan, who was very influential in Rome during his pontificate.

Practically nothing is recorded of Pope Anastasius III, his pontificate falling in the period when Rome and the Papacy were in the power of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, and his wife Theodora, who approved Anastasius III's candidacy.

During his pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French political policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV.

His good fortune increased during the pontificate of Pope Clement XI ( 1700 – 21 ), who employed his talents as a courtier and rewarded him with a cardinal's hat, on 17 May 1706, retaining his services as papal treasurer.

As a young man, he was placed into the papal court, and was made a subdeacon and sacellarius ( or treasurer ) of the Roman See during the pontificate of Pope Sergius I ( 687 – 701 ).

During the pontificate of Pope Constantine Gregory was made a papal secretary, and accompanied him to Constantinople in 711 to deal with the issues raised by Rome ’ s rejection of the canons of the Quinisext Council.

Consecrated a priest during the pontificate of Pope Paschal I, at the time of Pope Valentine ’ s death in 827, Gregory was the Cardinal priest of the Basilica of St Mark in Rome.

Gregory ’ s elevation to the papal see is believed to represent a continuation of the attempts to control the local political situation in Rome which had begun during Pope Eugene II ’ s pontificate.

" In his bull of 21 March 1591, Cogit nos, he forbade under pain of excommunication all betting concerning the election of a Pope, the duration of a pontificate, or the creation of new cardinals.

Two prominent sources do exist for Urban's pontificate: Eusebius ' history of the early Church and also an inscription in the Coemeterium Callisti which names the Pope.

Coming to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Gregory III, he was placed in the monastery of St. Chrysogonus, where he was ordained a Benedictine monk.

During the pontificate of Pope Zachary, he was ordained a priest, after which the pope decided to keep him to work at the Lateran Palace.

At a young age he was raised at the Lateran Palace during the pontificate of Pope Adrian I, and it was under Stephen's predecessor Pope Leo III that he was first ordained a Subdeacon before he was subsequently made a Deacon.

On January 28, 1835, Andrew Jackson removed Pope from office and elevated Territorial Secretary William S. Fulton to the position.

There had been reading at table, especially from two books, Pope Gregory The Great's account of St. Scholastica in his Dialogues and my own The World Of Washington Irving.

Pope Pius 12, declared in 1951 that it is possible to be exempt from the normal obligation of parenthood for a long time and even for the whole duration of married life, if there are serious reasons, such as those often mentioned in the so-called medical, eugenic, economic and social `` indications ''.

Pope Pius the Sixth, at Rome, in April, 1778, wrote the following: `` The faithful should be excited to the reading of the Holy Scriptures: For these are the most abundant sources which ought to be left open to everyone, to draw from them purity of morals and of doctrine, to eradicate errors which are so widely disseminated in these corrupt times ''.

Pope complied with Lincoln's strategic desire to move toward Richmond from the north, thus protecting the capital from attack.

However, lacking requested reinforcements from McClellan, now commanding the Army of the Potomac, Pope was soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1862, forcing the Army of the Potomac to defend Washington for a second time.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, an Allocution is a solemn form of address or speech from the throne employed by the Pope on certain occasions.

The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

Territorial abbots follow all of the above, but in addition must receive a mandate of authority from the Pope over the territory around the monastery for which they are responsible.

Angilbert delivered the document on Iconoclasm from the Frankish Synod of Frankfurt to Pope Adrian I, and was later sent on three important embassies to the pope, in 792, 794 and 796.

Pope Innocent III espoused the cause of Ingeborg ; but Philip did not submit until 1200, when, nine months after interdict had been added to excommunication, he consented to a separation from Agnes.

In 1260 Pope Alexander IV made him Bishop of Regensburg, an office from which he resigned after three years.

" On his arrival in Rome, however, charges of simony, or the buying of ecclesiastical office, and lack of learning were brought against him, and his elevation to York was refused by Pope Nicholas II, who also deposed him from Worcester.

* Pope Alexander I, Pope from 106 to 115

* Pope Alexander II, Pope from 1061 to 1073

* Pope Alexander III, pope from 1159 to 1181

1185 – 1261 ), Pope from 1254 until his death

In the year 883, though there is some debate over the year, King Alfred, because of his support and his donation of alms to Rome, received a number of gifts from the Pope Marinus.

According to Asser, because of Pope Marinus ’ friendship with King Alfred, the pope granted an exemption to any Anglo-Saxons residing within Rome from tax or tribute.

Alfred's first translation was of Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care, which he prefaced with an introduction explaining why he thought it necessary to translate works such as this one from Latin into English.