The bundle theory of substance thus rejects the substance theories of Aristotle, Descartes, and more recently, J. P. Moreland, Jia Hou, Joseph Bridgman, Quentin Smith, and others.

Maynard Smith was jointly awarded the 1999 Crafoord Prize for his development of the concept of evolutionarily stable strategies and the application of game theory to the evolution of behaviour.

Eight game-theorists have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology.

Based on principles laid out by William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independently of evolutionary thought.

Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution and theorized on other problems such as the evolution of sex and signalling theory.

Quite unhappy with the lack of formal science education at Eton College, Maynard Smith took it upon himself to develop an interest in Darwinian evolutionary theory and mathematics, after having read the work of old Etonian J. B. S.

In 1973 Maynard Smith formalised a central concept in evolutionary game theory called the evolutionarily stable strategy ( ESS ), based on a verbal argument by George R. Price.

The labor theory of value, as presented by Adam Smith, however, did not require the quantification of all past labor, nor did it deal with the labor needed to create the tools ( capital ) that might be employed in the production of a commodity.

" Adam Smith theorized that the labor theory of value holds true only in the " early and rude state of society " but not in a modern economy where owners of capital are compensated by profit.

As a result, " Smith ends up making little use of a labor theory of value.

Complementing this proposal is the theory that Smith borrowed the names of the Comoros islands and applied them to the hill where he found the golden plates, which he named Cumorah.

* Leslie Howard's 1943 anti-Nazi film, " Pimpernel " Smith, features dialogue by the protagonist Horatio Smith, a professor of archaeology at Cambridge, endorsing the Oxfordian theory.

Furthermore, the labor theory of value popularized by classical economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo were utilized by a new ideology called socialism to critique the relations of property to other economic issues, such as profit, rent, interest, and wage-labor.

* Smith, A. M. ( 1996 ) Ptolemy's theory of visual perception: An English translation of the Optics with introduction and commentary.

How often males will physically engage each other, and in what manner, can best be understood by applying game theory developed for biology, most notably by John Maynard Smith.

* Carl H. Smith, A recursive introduction to the theory of computation, Springer, 1994, ISBN 0-387-94332-3.

Harsanyi claimed that his theory is indebted to Adam Smith, who equated the moral point of view with that of an impartial but sympathetic observer ; to Kant who insisted on the criterion of universality and which may also be described as a criterion of reciprocity ; to the classical utilitarians who made maximising social utility the basic criterion of morality ; and to ‘ the modern theory of rational behaviour under risk and uncertainty, usually described as Bayesian decision theory ’.

* 1776: The Wealth of Nations, foundation of the modern theory of economy, was published by Adam Smith

The production-side theory of urban gentrification derives from the work of Professor Neil Smith, explaining gentrification as an economic process consequent to the fluctuating relationships among capital investments and the production of urban space.

The classical economics of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and their followers focuses on physical resources in defining its factors of production, and discusses the distribution of cost and value among these factors.

The final sentence shows us how Smith sees value of a product as relative to labor of buyer or consumer, as opposite to Marx who sees the value of a product being proportional to labor of laborer or producer.

Adam Smith held that, in a primitive society, the amount of labor put into producing a good determined its exchange value, with exchange value meaning in this case the amount of labor a good can purchase.

However, according to Smith, in a more advanced society the market price is no longer proportional to labor cost since the value of the good now includes compensation for the owner of the means of production: " The whole produce of labour does not always belong to the labourer.

Conversely, Slam poetry movement founder Marc Smith has been critical of the commercially successful Def Poetry television and Broadway live stage shows produced by Russell Simmons, decrying it as " an exploitive entertainment that diminished the value and aesthetic of performance poetry ".

In The Wealth of Nations, Smith generally assumed that the supply price was fixed but that its " merit " ( value ) would decrease as its " scarcity " increased, in effect what was later called the law of demand also.

Adam Smith maintained that exchange value was made up of rent, profit, labour and the costs of wear and tear on the instruments of husbandry.

David Ricardo, a follower of Adam Smith, modified Smith's approach on this point by alleging that labour alone is the content of the exchange value of any good or service.

Although the efficiency of a land value tax has been established knowledge since Adam Smith, it was perhaps most famously promoted by Henry George.

Smith's replacement was Ron Suart, who wanted Matthews to stay out wide, and did not value his contribution in the way that Smith had done.

Ecological Extension is roughly the same classification of Smith ’ s eco-holism, and it argues for the intrinsic value inherent in collective ecological entities like ecosystems or the global environment as a whole entity.

The labour theory of value was the explanation that had been reached by Adam Smith among others, and the Marxist school of economics still relies on this theory.

This is the opposite of the labor theory of value maintained by classical economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo.

There is only one catch to this idyllic arrangement: Adam Smith was wrong.

Governor Alfred E. Smith was the official host at the children's party.

To the Weston house came once William Allen Neilson, the president of Smith College who had been one of my old professors and who still called me `` Boy '' when I was sixty.

This connection was clarified by Smith and Smith ( 1922 ), who showed that saline extracts of fresh bovine pituitary glands could re-activate the atrophied thyroids of hypophysectomised tadpoles.

This basic principle, the first in a richly knotted bundle, was conveyed to me by Dr. Henry Lee Smith, Jr., at the University of Buffalo, where he heads the world's first department of anthropology and linguistics.

Thus, when Dartmouth's Winter Carnival -- widely recognized as the greatest, wildest, roaringest college weekend anywhere, any time -- was broadcast over a national television hookup, Prexy John Sloan Dickey appeared on the screen in rugged winter garb, topped off by a tam-o'-shanter which he confessed had been acquired from a Smith girl.

A 12-year-old girl, Susan Elaine Smith, 9329 NE Schuyler St. was in serious condition Friday at Bess Kaiser Hospital, victim of a bicycle-auto collision in the Gateway Shopping Center, parking area, Deputy Sheriff W. H. Forsyth reported.

The power was off for about five minutes in houses along Smith Street as far away as Fruit Hill Avenue shortly before 5 p.m. when the accident occurred.

Sitting quietly on an equally big pork barrel was another Judge Smith ally, Georgia's Carl Vinson, chairman of the Armed Services Committee.

Thus `` America '', the most widely sung of the patriotic songs, was written by a New England Baptist clergyman, Samuel Francis Smith ( 1808-1895 ), while a student in Andover Theological Seminary.

Half of it was natural, half was Smith College.

The division of labour was initially discussed by Adam Smith, regarding the manufacture of pins, in his book The Wealth of Nations ( published in 1776 ).

Wilson's first success came during a business trip to Akron, Ohio, where he was introduced to Dr. Robert Smith, a surgeon and Oxford Group member who was unable to stay sober.

To store matte information, the concept of an alpha channel was introduced by Alvy Ray Smith in the late 1970s, and fully developed in a 1984 paper by Thomas Porter and Tom Duff.

On January 23, Jacksonville Jaguars defensive coach and former linebackers coach for the 2000 Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens Mike Smith was named the Falcons ' new head coach.

First-year head coach Mike Smith was named 2008 NFL Coach of the Year.

Smith led expeditions to explore the regions surrounding Jamestown, and it was during one of these that the chief of the Powhatan Native Americans captured Smith.

According to an account Smith published in 1624, he was going to be put to death until the chief's daughter, Pocahontas, saved him.

* The Star-Spangled Banner's tune was adapted from an old English drinking song by John Stafford Smith called " To Anacreon in Heaven ".

In 2008 she was awarded the Louis P. and Evelyn Smith First Amendment Award by the Ford Hall Forum.

Trapping was minimal and, after traveling about 1300 miles ( 650 on foot ), he finally arrived at Fort Smith, Arkansas.