Sir Robert Watson-Watt's `` rebuttal '' of Sir Charles Snow's Godkin Lectures is marred throughout by too forceful a desire to defend Lindemann and apparently himself from Sir Charles' supposed falsehoods while stating those `` falsehoods '' in an unclear incoherent argument.

The argument is that if the money supply is constant, increases in the cost of a good or service will decrease the money available for other goods and services, and therefore the price of some those goods will fall and offset the rise in price of those goods whose prices have increased.

This is the central argument of those who argue for a mixed market, free at the base, but with government oversight to control social problems.

His translation technique utilizes a " Harvard-outline " format which attempts to make the argument flow of Rabbinic texts easier to understand for those unfamiliar with Talmudic reasoning.

The fundamental importance, in Roman Catholic theology, of the sacrament of water baptism gives rise to the argument that, because original sin excludes from the beatific vision enjoyed by the souls in heaven, those who have not been freed from it either by the sacrament or by baptism of desire or baptism of blood are not eligible for entry into heaven.

The central argument of council communism, in contrast to those of Social democracy and Leninist communism, is that workers ' councils arising in the factories and municipalities are the natural and legitimate form of working class organisation and government power.

This is in contrast with the methods found in analytic philosophy, whereby some say a philosopher will sometimes begin by appealing to his or her intuitions on an issue and then form an argument with those intuitions as premises.

Andrés Manuel López Obrador contested the results and demanded a vote-per-vote recount, which was denied by the Federal Electoral Tribunal, based on the argument that inconsistencies could not be proved for all electoral circumscriptions, but order a partial recount of votes of those that did show inconsistencies which represented 9. 2 % of the total, after which the results were not significantly altered.

An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley is ipso facto an argument against materialism.

" Various critics, including historian Norman Cohn and folklorist Jacqueline Simpson, have highlighted what they see as Murray's " extreme selectivity " in choosing only sources that backed her argument, and ignoring those that did not.

Note this does not restrict dormant forms of life to these environments, so this argument only contradicts the widest interpretation of panspermia — that life is ongoing and is spread across many different environments throughout the Universe — and presupposes that any life needs those elements, which the proponents of alternative biochemistries do not consider certain.

" The argument is that, " without drugs, those with the best genes have an unfair advantage.

Bacon in his The Advancement of Learning criticized those who are preoccupied with style rather than " the weight of matter, worth of subject, soundness of argument, life of invention, or depth of judgment.

The indiscernibility argument from the substance theorist targets those bundle theorists who are also metaphysical realists.

Since bundle theory states that all concrete particulars are merely constructions or ' bundles ' of attributes, or qualitive properties, the substance theorist's indiscernibility argument claims that the ability to recognize numerically different concrete particulars, such as concrete objects, requires those particulars to have discernible qualitative differences in their attributes and that the metaphysical realist who is also a bundle theorist must therefore concede to the existence of ' discernible ( numerically different ) concrete particulars ', the ' identity of indiscernibles ', and a ' principle of constituent identity '.

In response to those opposing the independence of Biafra, the solicitor for the indigenous people of Biafra made a strong argument in both national and international law asserting that what Nigeria got after the Biafra War of Independence was a military conquest and not a political victory.

If it were different, states would not have the right, nor be in a position, to maintain that minimum of order on which all civilized life rests .” Calling the concept a “ red herring ” he stated: “ This argument has been used by the terrorists themselves, arguing that there is no difference between their activities and those by governments and states.

The ephemerides of sun, moon and planets in current widespread and official use continue to be those calculated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( updated as from 2003 to DE405 ) using as argument T < sub > eph </ sub >.

African nations have invoked this argument with respect to slavery, other colonized peoples have invoked it with respect to the " brain drain " or " human capital flight " which occurs when the most talented individuals ( those with the most individual capital ) depart for education or opportunity to the colonizing country ( historically, Britain and France and the U. S .).

Contemporary mathematical empiricism, formulated by Quine and Putnam, is primarily supported by the indispensability argument: mathematics is indispensable to all empirical sciences, and if we want to believe in the reality of the phenomena described by the sciences, we ought also believe in the reality of those entities required for this description.

This consideration supports the main argument of those who rejected the consultation considered a violation of human rights, among these gay groups and humanitarian actors.

To those who see the tradition as constantly evolving and supplying answers to question that it itself has raised, the argument that there would be no reason to develop and transmit material which seems derogatory of the Prophet or of Islam is too simple.

They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 which found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug ( Co-phenotrope, Lomotil ) caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated.

Kiernan ’ s argument against an early dating based on a mixture of forms is long and involved, but he concludes that the mixture of forms points to a comparatively straightforward history of the written text as:

Other historicists have seen no significance in the date that Revelation was written, and have even held to an early date while Kenneth L. Gentry, Jr., makes an exegetical and historical argument for the pre-AD 70 composition of Revelation.

An early published notice on him, dating from 1604 and describing his lifestyle three years previously, tells how " after a fortnight's work he will swagger about for a month or two with a sword at his side and a servant following him, from one ball-court to the next, ever ready to engage in a fight or an argument, so that it is most awkward to get along with him.

Another argument in favor of an early dating is that the author seems unfamiliar with the Eucharist ritual ( had the author been familiar, it would have served as a great example ).

An argument for an early date is put forward by Matthew Slick:

In the early 18th century, Nicolas Malebranche wrote " An organized body contains an infinity of parts that mutually depend upon one another in relation to particular ends, all of which must be actually formed in order to work as a whole ," arguing in favor of preformation, rather than epigenesis, of the individual ; and a similar argument about the origins of the individual was made by other 18th century students of natural history.

Strickland and Hardy in 2005 took this argument further, suggesting that the shortbow was a myth and all early English bows were a form of longbow.

Non-centralism has been of particular importance to ethical naturalists in the late 20th and early 21st centuries as part of their argument that normativity is a non-excisable aspect of language and that there is no way of analyzing thick moral concepts into a purely descriptive element attached to a thin moral evaluation, thus undermining any fundamental division between facts and norms.

The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).

His work is notable for the use of the zeta function ζ ( s ) ( for real values of the argument " s ", as are works of Leonhard Euler, as early as 1737 ) predating Riemann's celebrated memoir of 1859, and he succeeded in proving a slightly weaker form of the asymptotic law, namely, that if the limit of π ( x )/( x / ln ( x )) as x goes to infinity exists at all, then it is necessarily equal to one.

) presented an early teleological argument in De Natura Deorum ( On the Nature of the Gods ), arguing that divine power can be found in reason, which exists throughout nature.

" " This argument for the existence of God was advanced early in the 19th century by Reverend Paley " " The only apparent difference between the argument made by Paley and the argument for ID, as expressed by defense expert witnesses Behe and Minnich, is that ID's ' official position ' does not acknowledge that the designer is God.

Concerns that defamation under common law might be incompatible with the new republican form of government caused early American courts to struggle between William Blackstone's argument that the punishment of " dangerous or offensive writings ... necessary for the preservation of peace and good order, of government and religion, the only solid foundations of civil liberty " and the argument that the need for a free press guaranteed by the Constitution outweighed the fear of what might be written.

early forms of the argument appeared as early as 1940.

Broad had a version of the consequence argument as early as the 1930s.

These restrictions remained in force until the early 1870s .< sup > Reference does not support the argument of this paragraph </ sup >

Regarding the argument of implausibility of Muslims fabricating the story, Shahab Ahmed in the Encyclopedia of the Qur ' an states that " the widespread acceptance of the incident by early Muslims suggests, however, that they did not view the incident as inauspicious and that they would presumably not have, on this basis at least, been adverse to inventing it.

The main argument for this is the belief that Taiwan, a small island, ultimately cannot compete with mainland China, and hence will benefit the most by reunifying as early as possible.

She suggests that the line, " He calls his Kate and she must come and kiss him " references The Shrew, as A Shrew contains no kissing scenes, which supports her argument for a date of composition in late 1591 / early 1592.