A new approach uses a functor from filtered spaces to crossed complexes defined directly and homotopically using relative homotopy groups ; a higher homotopy van Kampen theorem proved for this functor enables basic results in algebraic topology, especially on the border between homology and homotopy, to be obtained without using singular homology or simplicial approximation.

The van body is taller than the cab and bed of the pickup that uses the same style frame and powertrain resulting in the basic van having a higher center of gravity than a similarly loaded pickup from which it is derived.

In continental Europe, a basic diesel van the ' Visa Enterprise ' was sold that used the normal Visa bodyshell with the rear doors welded shut.

In basic painting technique van Leyden was the pupil of his father, from whose hand no works are known, and of Cornelis Engelbrechtsz, but his precocious originality was paramount.

Many commercial ( van ) versions of the Maestro, which shared this campervan's basic bodyshell, had smaller, recessed headlights.

In February 1963 the basic Volkswagen van was updated with Trans-o-lite headlamps as the Volkswagen Toblerone van ( 441 ).

The basic body variant was a universal van, for cargo or persons, with sliding doors on the right or conventional doors ( marked with a letter T-towos ).

The 200 series used the basic bodyshell structure from the Range Rover, door handles from the Morris Marina, tail lights from the Austin Maestro van, and interior switchgear and instrumentation from the Rover " parts bin ".

Whilst the basic pick-up, Station Wagon and van versions were still working vehicles, the County Station Wagons were sold as multi-purpose family vehicles, featuring improved interior trim and more comfortable seats.

The most basic source of minibus is the van conversion, where the minibus is derived by modifying an existing van design.

According to a GMH Price List dated 25 January 1979, a basic HZ Holden panel van was priced at A $ 6, 076, with the Sandman option package an additional A $ 1, 700.

While it has had a few facelifts over the years, the basic van is still the same.

The AD van was designed for very basic duties, and the options list was kept small to enhance economical use and running costs.

The first models on the market were basic, consisting of a small car or van body with no interior.

The second one (= 2 carats ) was suggested as a basic “ Chalcolithic unit ” with the name van ( from the first letters of Varna necropolis ).

In the most basic variant of the hawala system, money is transferred via a network of hawala brokers, or hawaladars.

The Ekottara Āgama in particular contains variant teachings of basic doctrines such as the Noble Eightfold Path, which are different from those found in the Pali Canon.

A variant of the basic approach is to rely on the properties ( including whatever vulnerabilities might be present ) of a product which is not widely adopted, thus lowering the prominence of those vulnerabilities ( should they become known ) against random or even automated attacks.

" The evidence just summarized would indicate rather that " dao with the hand " is but a variant of the basic dao and that the word itself combined both nominal and verbal aspects of the etymon.

After the basic meaning was forgotten, they added a variant word of Old High German gadem ‘ room, one-room hut ’, implying the same meaning: ‘ hay shed ’.

The five basic types of weld joints are the butt joint, lap joint, corner joint, edge joint, and T-joint ( a variant of this last is the cruciform joint ).

Additionally, one would have to prove that a primitive is actually worthy of this status, and not better defined as a variant of something else which is more basic.

After a peek ( which required an address ) or a poke ( which took a word address, and a word of data – 16 or 32 bit depending on the basic word width of the transputer variant ) the transputer would return to waiting for a bootstrap.

The solfège syllables used for movable do differ slightly from those used for fixed do, because the English variant of the basic syllables (' ti ' instead of ' si ') is usually used, and chromatically altered syllables are usually included as well.

This variant of the Burnside problem can also be stated in terms of certain universal groups with m generators and exponent n. By basic results of group theory, the intersection of two subgroups of finite index in any group is itself a subgroup of finite index.

The Shahab-3B differs from the basic production variant.

A subgame perfect variant of tit for tat known as " contrite tit for tat " may be created by employing a basic reputation mechanism.

Touch football is a variant of American football in which the basic rules are similar to those of the mainstream game ( called " tackle football " for contrast ), but instead of tackling players to the ground, the person carrying the ball need only be touched by a member of the opposite team to end a down.

A short variant exists for ease of handling, its length is between the basic rifle and the carbine.

While the SASR uses weapons of essentially the same pattern built by Colt for export ( Colt uses different models to separate weapons for the U. S. military and those for commercial / export purposes ), the British SAS uses a variant on the basic theme, the Colt Canada ( formerly Diemaco ) C8SFW.

The M4A1 carbine is a fully automatic variant of the basic M4 carbine intended for special operations use.

All U. S. Army forces will begin replacing their basic M4 carbines and all 600, 000 M16 rifles with the M4A1 variant in 2014.

A basic variant of the PSO algorithm works by having a population ( called a swarm ) of candidate solutions ( called particles ).

Puckle demonstrated two versions of the basic design: one, intended for use against Christian enemies, fired conventional round bullets, while the second variant, designed to be used against the Muslim Turks, fired square bullets, designed by Kyle Tunis, which were considered to be more damaging and would, according to its patent, convince the Turks of the " benefits of Christian civilization.

To this end the car was comprehensively re-engineered to be cheaper and simpler to build and maintain ; launched in September 1970, was the Triumph Toledo, a cheaper and more basic variant with conventional rear-wheel drive.

Indoor cricket is a variant of and shares many basic concepts with cricket.

This variant is described in the original edition as the basic rules.

A variant of the basic algorithm is sometimes used ; instead of requiring that p − 1 has all its factors less than B, we can require it to have all but one of its factors less than some B < sub > 1 </ sub >, and the remaining factor less than some B < sub > 2 </ sub >.

In 2002 a basic Pointer City version is introduced, the former Comfort version is renamed the Trendline, and the Luxe variant as the Comfortline.

Beyond the two basic tasks mentioned above, no attention was paid by statesman or scholar to an idea of state responsibility, either internally or externally.

In what has aptly been called a `` constitutional revolution '', the basic nature of government was transformed from one essentially negative in nature ( the `` night-watchman state '' ) to one with affirmative duties to perform.

This of course was not true of the educated and sophisticated people we met, who loved their pets, but kindness is not a basic human instinct.

The basic difficulty, I suppose, was in my ultimate inability to feel a burden of sin from which I sought relief.

It was this basic trait that separated Adams from the ranks of professional historians and led him to commit time and time again what was his most serious offense against the historical method -- namely, the tendency to assume the truth of an hypothesis before submitting it to the test of facts.

In 1861, Mr. Brown's attention was called to yet another basic production problem -- the manufacture of twist drills.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.

The word marina was coined by NAEBM originally to describe a waterfront facility where recreational boats could find protection and basic needs to lay over in relative comfort.

This was not a search for a `` magic formula '', but rather an examination of basic principles pertaining especially to all types of communication in marriage.

Swadesh in short was trying to develop a basic list that was universal ; ;

What Parker and his contemporaries -- Gillespie, Davis, Monk, Roach ( Tristano is an anomaly ), etc. -- did was to absorb the musical ornamentation of the older jazz into the basic structure, of which it then became an integral part, and with which it then developed.

This basic principle, the first in a richly knotted bundle, was conveyed to me by Dr. Henry Lee Smith, Jr., at the University of Buffalo, where he heads the world's first department of anthropology and linguistics.

Official reasoning: the bill was a `` wanton invasion of basic property rights ''.

What Gabriel was being asked to do now, however, was to re-examine all his basic assumptions, make value-judgments on them, and give them new and different powers in his mind to govern his motives.

Altruism, the experiment suggested, was not a superior moral faculty that suppresses basic selfish urges but rather was basic to the brain, hard-wired and pleasurable.

This was a basic number to understand, 7 times 13, a close relation conceived between natural phenomena, the underworld and the cycles of the heavens.

Through his father, Alfred Nobel was a descendant of the Swedish scientist Olaus Rudbeck ( 1630 – 1702 ), and in his turn the boy was interested in engineering, particularly explosives, learning the basic principles from his father at a young age.