The only independent textual source for Ammianus lies in M, another ninth-century Frankish codex which was, unfortunately, unbound and placed in other codices during the fifteenth century.

" It has been theorised that Smith failed to mention the Beowulf manuscript because of his reliance on previous catalogues or because either he had no idea how to describe it or because it was temporarily out of the codex.

As far back as the early 2nd century, there is evidence that the codex — usually of papyrus — was the preferred format among Christians: in the library of the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum ( buried in AD 79 ), all the texts ( Greek literature ) are scrolls ( see Herculaneum papyri ); in the Nag Hammadi " library ", secreted about AD 390, all the texts ( Gnostic Christian ) are codices.

The codex was an improvement over the scroll in several ways.

It could be opened flat at any page, allowing easier reading ; the pages could be written on both front and back ( recto and verso ); and the codex, protected within its durable covers, was more compact and easier to transport.

Binding the codex was clearly a different procedure from binding the " case ".

There, with the active aid of the Russian government, he at length got access to the remainder of the precious Sinaitic codex, and persuaded the monks to present it to Tsar Alexander II of Russia, at whose cost it was published in 1862 ( in four folio volumes ).

The Komondor was brought to Europe by the Cumans and it was mentioned for the first time in 1544 in a Hungarian codex.

An 1873 edition by Wölfflin was based on Salmasius's copy of the lost codex.

Its most common use was as a material for writing on, for documents, notes, or the pages of a book, codex or manuscript.

The oldest liturgical drama ( 12th century ) written already in old Spanish language was a codex found in the library of the Toledo Cathedral.

The codex was produced in Zürich, for the Manesse family.

The compilation of the codex was patornized by the Manesse family of Zürich, presumably by Rüdiger II Manesse ( b. before 1252, d. after 1304 ).

The Laurentian codex was compiled in what are today Russian lands by the Nizhegorod monk Laurentius for the Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich in 1377.

The original text he used was a lost codex compiled for the Grand Duke Mikhail of Tver in 1305.

The language of this work is the East Slavic version of Church Slavonic language with many additional irregular east-slavisms ( like other east-Slavic codices of the time ). Whereas the Laurention ( Muscovite ) text traces the Kievan legacy through to the Muscovite princes, the Hypation text traces the Kievan legacy through the rulers of the Halych principality. The Hypatian codex was re-discovered in Kiev in the 1620s and copy was made for Prince Kostiantyn Ostrozhsky.

Aside from the Littera Florentina, a 6th-century codex of the Pandects that was preserved at Pisa, apparently without ever being publicly consulted, ( and removed to Florence after Florence conquered Pisa in 1406 ), there may have been other manuscript sources for the text that began to be taught at Bologna, by Pepo and then by Irnerius.

Before the advent of the codex ( book ), Latin and Greek script was written on scrolls.

Tezcatlipoca depicted in the codex Rios in the aspect of a Jaguar — in this form he was called Tepeyollotl.

A new Tyranid codex was released on January 16, 2010, written by Robin Cruddace.

According to the prefatory letters, the work was composed at the urging of his friend Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa, to whom Isidore, at the end of his life, sent his codex inemendatus (" unedited book "), which seems to have begun circulating before Braulio was able to revise it, and issue it, with a dedication to the late Visigothic King Sisebut.

A codex of his speeches was seen at Buda in 1525. in the library of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, but was destroyed by the Turks in 1526.

In the codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Cortés, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which as described verbatim in the codex ( written by Sahagún's Tlatelolcan informants who were probably not eyewitnesses of the meeting ) included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as, " You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you ," and, " You have graciously arrived, you have known pain, you have known weariness, now come on earth, take your rest, enter into your palace, rest your limbs ; may our lords come on earth.

The fate of the codex during the 15th century is unknown, but by the 1590s it had passed into possession of baron Johann Philipp of Hohensax ( two of whose forebears are portrayed in the codex, on foll.

The manuscripts were found bound into a Latin codex ( manuscript book ).

According to a tradition which has historical confirmation, it was Akiva who systematized and brought into methodic arrangement the Mishnah, or Halakah codex ; the Midrash, or the exegesis of the Halakah ; and the Halakot, the logical amplification of the Halakah ( Yer.

The Greek text of the codex has some copying errors, e. g., errors of metathesis: in John 1: 3, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ was changed into ΕΝΕΓΕΤΟ ; in Acts 1: 9, ΥΠΕΛΑΒΕΝ into ΥΠΕΒΑΛΕΝ.

Latin manuscripts of De Materia Medica were combined with a Latin herbal by Apuleius Platonicus ( Herbarium Apuleii Platonici ) and were incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon codex Cotton Vitellius C. III.

The biggest Belgian codex is the Florex published by the Corporatio Brabantia Bruxelliensis, both in French and Dutch, with more than 2300 pages divided into two parts.

Most importantly, in the 1850s, R. Shalom Shachne Yellin sent his son in law, Moses Joshua Kimchi, to Aleppo, to copy information about the Codex ; Kimchi sat for weeks, and copied thousands of details about the codex into the margins of a small handwritten Bible.

These editions incorporate reconstructions of the missing parts of the codex based on the methodology of Mordechai Breuer or similar systems, and by taking into account all available historical testimony about the contents of the codex.

Two paper fragments incorporated into the front and last pages of the codex contain Spanish writing, which led Thompson to suggest that a Spanish priest acquired the document at Tayasal in Petén.

At the end of the Second World War the codex went missing, looted by a US army officer and sold into the rare book trade.

For this, he divided the original codex into two parts, labeled Codex A and Codex B.

Most likely the main guideline to collect the quires into one codex was not the authorship of Jacob van Maerlant but the virgin Mary, which is in perfect harmony with the name of the monastery ' Marienweert '.

Using the resources of the Royal Library in Copenhagen and of the libraries of Exeter, Oxford and Cambridge in three successive summer visits to England ( 1829 – 31 ), he went on to make transcriptions of two of the four great codices of Anglo-Saxon poetry: the Exeter Book and the codex designated Junius 11 in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

To, the Toledo codex now kept in the National Library in Madrid, is the earliest collection and contains 129 songs.

The portion of the codex held by the British Library consists of 346½ folios, 694 pages ( 38. 1 cm x 34. 5 cm ), constituting over half of the original work.

The bombardment of Dresden, on 18 July 1760, destroyed all his possessions, including an almost finished edition of Lucian, based on a valuable codex of the Dresden Library.

The codex remains to this day at the Uppsala University Library house in the Carolina Rediviva building.

Rylands Library Papyrus P52 | P52, a papyrus fragment from a codex ( c. 90 – 160 ), one of the earliest known New Testament manuscripts.

" From June to August 2007, the codex was the centerpiece of a two-month exhibition hosted by the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin, Ireland.

A digital facsimile of the codex is available from Cambridge University Library, which holds the manuscript.

* before 1780-it occupied ff 241-259 of a larger collective binding titled, Arte di armeggiare a piedi ed acavallo ( codex Soranzo MCCLXI ) in the Biblioteca Soranzo in Venice ( Library of Jacopo Soranzo, Venetian senator, 18th century ).

Per Abbad puts the date 1207 after his name, but the existing copy forms part of a 14th century codex in the Biblioteca Nacional de España ( National Library ) in Madrid, Spain.

A 10th century codex, Codex Vossianus Latinus Q 69 found by Gino Zaninotto in the Vatican Library contains an 8th-century account saying that an imprint of Christ's whole body was left on a canvas kept in a church in Edessa: it quotes a man called Smera in Constantinople: " King Abgar received a cloth on which one can see not only a face but the whole body " ( in Latin: tantum faciei figuram sed totius corporis figuram cernere poteris ).

The Egerton Gospel ( British Library Egerton Papyrus 2 ) refers to a group of papyrus fragments of a codex of a previously unknown gospel, found in Egypt and sold to the British Museum in 1934 ; the physical fragments are now dated to the very end of the 2nd century AD, although the date of composition is less clear – perhaps 50-100 AD.

The Exeter Book, Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501, also known as the Codex Exoniensis, is a tenth-century book or codex which is an anthology of Anglo-Saxon poetry.

The Rylands Library Papyrus P52, also known as the St. John's fragment, is a fragment from a papyrus codex, measuring only 3. 5 by 2. 5 inches ( 8. 9 by 6 cm ) at its widest ; and conserved with the Rylands Papyri at the John Rylands University Library ( Gr. P. 457 ), Manchester, UK.

* Les heures de Croy: Vienna, National Library, codex 1858

The majority of Hungarian scholars take the codex to be a hoax of Sámuel Literáti Nemes ( 1796 – 1842 ), Transylvanian-Hungarian antiquarian, co-founder of the National Széchényi Library in Budapest, infamous for many historical forgeries ( mostly made in the 1830s ) which even deceived some of the most renowned Hungarian scholars of the time.

The codex is now preserved in the National Library of Russia, accessioned as " Firkovich B 19 A ".

Its former owner, the Karaite collector Abraham Firkovich, left no indication in his writings where he had acquired the codex, which was taken to Odessa in 1838 and later transferred to the Imperial Library in St Petersburg.

Although in 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city's original name was restored to St Petersburg, the National Library of Russia requested that " Leningrad " be retained in the name of the codex.

The codex first appeared in 1832 as an acquisition of France's Bibliothèque Impériale ( later the Bibliothèque Nationale, or National Library ) in Paris.

The codex has four parts: the Letter of Peter to Philip, already known from the Nag Hammadi Library ; the First Apocalypse of James, also known from the Nag Hammadi Library ; the first few pages of a work related to, but not the same as, the Nag Hammadi work Allogenes ; and the Gospel of Judas.