The first syllable of the term bretwalda may be related to ' Briton ' or ' Britain ' and would thus mean ' sovereign of Britain ' or ' wielder of Britain '.

According to Pasqualini it was a deity similar to Vediove, wielder of lightningbolts and chthonic, who was connected to the cult of the founders who first inhabited the Alban Mount sanctuary.

* The main antagonist of the first and third series of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, Dio Brando, is the wielder of The World, a powerful Stand that enables him to stop time.

A prospective wielder, upon drawing the blade for the first time, is made to confront all their personal flaws, shortcomings, fears, delusions and morally questionable acts.

Mama was now the first maid to Mrs. Coolidge, because Catherine, the previous first maid, had become ill and died.

Meynell once again paid his debts and it was Katie, rather than Thompson, whose life was soon ended, for she died in childbirth in April, 1901, in the first year of her marriage.

It is no common thing for a listener ( critical or otherwise ) to hear a singer `` live '' for the first time only after he has died.

Ward died in 1903, not knowing the national stature his music would attain, as the music was only first applied to the song in 1904.

He was the fourth child of Ondrej Varchola ( Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889 – 1942 ) and Júlia ( née Zavacká, 1892 – 1972 ), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U. S. Andy had two older brothers, Paul, born about 1923, and John, born about 1925.

Poirot's first appearance was in The Mysterious Affair at Styles ( published 1920 ) and his last in Curtain ( published 1975, the year before Christie died ).

# Siegfried ( died 24 October 1184 ), Bishop of Brandenburg from 1173 – 1180, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, the first ranked prince, from 1180 – 1184

Some time before 568, Alboin's first wife Chlothsind died, and after his victory against Cunimund Alboin married Rosamund, to establish a bond with the remaining Gepids.

In the first, according to the Megarians, Alcmene was walking from Argos to Thebes when she died at Megara.

* Alphonso, Earl of Chester, first son of Edward I of England, who died at the age of ten.

Andronikos III was first married, in 1318, with Irene of Brunswick, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ; she died in 1324.

Fleming's first wife, Sarah, died in 1949.

The camp's first commandant, Rudolf Höss, testified after the war at the Nuremberg Trials that up to three million people had died there ( 2. 5 million gassed, and 500, 000 from disease and starvation ).

Peter Lombard ( died 1160 ) is the first writer known to have used the term, which did not become the usual name in the West till towards the end of the twelfth century, and never became current in the East.

Berg completed the orchestration of only the first two acts of his later three-act opera Lulu, before he died.

* 1922 – The first Aggie Muster is held as a remembrance for fellow Texas A & M graduates who had died in the previous year.

This doctrine is a 17th century innovation, although it is now applied retrospectively for centuries ; the seventh Baron De La Warr had three surviving sons ; the first died without children, the second left two daughters, the third left a son.

The first born was a son Mihdí Effendi who died aged about 3.

Unfortunately, he never came back to Portugal ; he died in the region and is credited for bringing to Lisbon the first pepper that ever came out of those parts.

Seretse Khama, a leader in the independence movement and the legitimate claimant to the Ngwato chiefship, was elected as the first president, re-elected twice, and died in office in 1980.

In the summer of 1930 in Lübeck, 240 infants were vaccinated in the first 10 days of life ; almost all developed tuberculosis and 72 infants died.

It is first mentioned in the Tanakh and the Bible as the place where the matriarch Rachel died and was buried " by the wayside " ( Gen. 48: 7 ).

Following some success illustrating cards and booklets, Potter wrote and illustrated The Tale of Peter Rabbit publishing it first privately in 1901, and a year later as a small, three-colour illustrated book with Frederick Warne & Co. She became unofficially engaged to her editor Norman Warne in 1905 despite the disapproval of her parents, but he died suddenly a month later, of leukemia.

In 1942 she was named President-elect of The Herdwick Sheepbreeders ’ Association, the first time a woman had ever been elected to that office, but died before taking office.

At first, the expansion is slowed down by gravitation due to the radiation and matter content of the universe.

The cosmic microwave background is radiation left over from decoupling after the epoch of recombination when neutral atoms first formed.

The radiation, first observed in 1965 by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson, has a perfect thermal black-body spectrum.

The first radiation of the diatoms ( generally siliceous, rather than calcareous ) in the oceans occurred during the Cretaceous ; freshwater diatoms did not appear until the Miocene.

The Devonian period experienced the first significant adaptive radiation of terrestrial life.

Besides being the first U. S. satellite, it is known for discovering the Van Allen radiation belt.

Fick's first law is also important in radiation transfer equations.

He designed the first instruments used in satellites to measure cosmic radiation and ozone, and in 1951 or 1952 designed the MOUSE (" Minimal Orbital Unmanned Satellite, Earth "), a proposed satellite that would contain Geiger counters for measuring cosmic rays, photo cells for scanning the Earth, telemetry electronics for sending data back to Earth, a magnetic data storage device, and rudimentary solar energy cells.

The existence of infrared radiation was first discovered in 1800 by astronomer William Herschel.

In 1917, Albert Einstein established the theoretical foundations for the laser and the maser in the paper Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung ( On the Quantum Theory of Radiation ); via a re-derivation of Max Planck ’ s law of radiation, conceptually based upon probability coefficients ( Einstein coefficients ) for the absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation ; in 1928, Rudolf W. Ladenburg confirmed the existences of the phenomena of stimulated emission and negative absorption ; in 1939, Valentin A. Fabrikant predicted the use of stimulated emission to amplify “ short ” waves ; in 1947, Willis E. Lamb and R. C. Retherford found apparent stimulated emission in hydrogen spectra and effected the first demonstration of stimulated emission ; in 1950, Alfred Kastler ( Nobel Prize for Physics 1966 ) proposed the method of optical pumping, experimentally confirmed, two years later, by Brossel, Kastler, and Winter.

In 1953, Charles Hard Townes and graduate students James P. Gordon and Herbert J. Zeiger produced the first microwave amplifier, a device operating on similar principles to the laser, but amplifying microwave radiation rather than infrared or visible radiation.

When the first scientific satellites were launched in the first half of 1958 — Explorers 1 and 3 by the US, Sputnik 3 by the Soviet Union — they observed an intense ( and unexpected ) radiation belt around Earth, held by its magnetic field.

In this early work, TTAPS carried out the first estimates of the total smoke and dust emissions that would result from a major nuclear exchange, and determined quantitatively the subsequent effects on the atmospheric radiation balance and temperature structure.

However, when confronted with totally unexpected phenomena, such as the first evidence for invisible radiation, experimental scientists often use the same approach as historical scientists: construct a set of hypotheses about the causes and then look for a " smoking gun ".

‪ File: Roentgen2. jpg ‬‬| Wilhelm Röntgen ( 1845-1923 ): produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range of X-rays or Röntgen rays in 1895, for which he earned the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901, namesake of element 111, Roentgenium ‬‬‬‬

File: Ernest Rutherford 1908. jpg | Ernest Rutherford ( 1871-1937 ): considered " Father of Nuclear Physics ", showed how the atomic nucleus has a positive charge, first to change one element into another by an artificial nuclear reaction, differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation, awarded Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1908

Polonium solutions are first colored in pink by the Po < sup > 2 +</ sup > ions, but then rapidly become yellow because alpha radiation from polonium ionizes the solvent and converts Po < sup > 2 +</ sup > into Po < sup > 4 +</ sup >.

Work by Gordon Brownell, Charles Burnham and their associates at the Massachusetts General Hospital beginning in the 1950s contributed significantly to the development of PET technology and included the first demonstration of annihilation radiation for medical imaging.

Warren Maltzman, of the Waksman Institute of Rutgers University first demonstrated that TP53 was responsive to DNA damage in the form of ultraviolet radiation.

At around the same time, the atomic theory and the corpuscular theory of light ( as updated by Einstein ) first came to be widely accepted as scientific fact ; these latter theories can be viewed as quantum theories of matter and electromagnetic radiation, respectively.

The first formulation of a quantum theory describing radiation and matter interaction is due to British scientist Paul Dirac, who, during the 1920s, was first able to compute the coefficient of spontaneous emission of an atom.