It is clear that patterns of stress sometimes show construction unambiguously in the spoken language where without the help of context it would be ambiguous in the written.

In the first of these sentences if by is the complement of come and Tuesday is an adjunct of time equivalent to on Tuesday, there will be strong stress on by in the spoken language ; ;

The most widely spoken Afroasiatic language is Arabic ( including all its colloquial varieties ), with 230 million native speakers, spoken mostly in the Middle East and North Africa.

Other widely spoken Afroasiatic languages are Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, with 18 million native speakers ; Somali, spoken by around 19 million people in Greater Somalia ; and Hausa, the dominant language of northern Nigeria and southern Niger, spoken by 18. 5 million people and used as a lingua franca in large parts of the Sahel, with some 25 million speakers in total.

Estimates of the date at which the Proto-Afroasiatic language was spoken vary widely.

Augmentative and alternative communication ( AAC ) is an umbrella term that encompasses methods of communication for those with impairments or restrictions on the production or comprehension of spoken or written language.

AAC can be used to aid both spoken and written language, and can supplement or replace speech and writing as necessary.

An alphabet is a standard set of letters ( basic written symbols or graphemes ) which is used to write one or more languages based on the general principle that the letters represent phonemes ( basic significant sounds ) of the spoken language.

In accordance with the principle on which alphabets are based, these rules will generally map letters of the alphabet to the phonemes ( significant sounds ) of the spoken language.

Sometimes, countries have the written language undergo a spelling reform to realign the writing with the contemporary spoken language.

One camp, often called the " Altaicists ", views these similarities as arising from common descent from a proto-Altaic language spoken several thousand years ago.

Austrian German (), or Austrian Standard German, is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Austria and in the autonomous Province of South Tyrol ( Italy ).

With German being a pluricentric language, Austrian dialects should not be confused with the variety of Standard German spoken by most Austrians, which is distinct from that of Germany or Switzerland.

The " Former Standard ," used for about 300 years or more in speech in refined language, was the " Schönbrunner Deutsch ", a sociolect spoken by the imperial Habsburg Family and the nobility of Austria-Hungary.

Also, the preterite ( simple past ) is very rarely used in Austria, especially in the spoken language, except for some modal verbs ( ich sollte, ich wollte ).

Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rheato-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan.

The Rochester Method focuses on oral language and speech, spelling spoken words.

It was inspired by the English garden city movement ; hence the original English name Park ( in the Catalan language spoken in Catalonia where Barcelona is located, the word for " Park " is " Parc ", and the name of the place is " Parc Güell " in its original language ).

Mercer's lyrics are characterized by an unerring ear for rhythmic nuances, a puckish sense of humor expressed in language with a colloquial flair.

Some of the poetic cadence of the older version certainly is lost in the newer one, but almost anyone, with a fair knowledge of the English language, can understand the meaning, without the necessity of interpretation by a Biblical scholar.

But first, we must define two terms so that their meaning will be clearly understood: form -- any unique sequence of alphabetic characters that can appear in a language preceded and followed by a space ; ;

Here again, in the written language it is possible to help the reader get his stresses right by using underlining or italics, but much of the time there is simply reliance on his understanding in the light of context.

This second conclusion, independently arrived at by independent study of material from two pairs of language families as different and remote from one another as these four are, cannot be ignored.

It has become painfully clear that the very attempt to make the language of social research free of values by erecting mathematical and physical models, is itself a conditioned response to a world which pays a premium price for technological manipulation.

The bondage endurable by an oral poet is to be estimated only by a very skilful oral poet, but it appears safe to assume that no sustained narrative in rhyme could be composed without extreme difficulty, even in a language of many terminal inflections.

aside from her specifically regional accent, she reveals by the use of the triad, `` irritable, tense, depressed '', a certain pedantic itemization that indicates she has some familiarity with literary or scientific language ( i.e., she must have had at least a high-school education ), and she is telling a story she has mentally rehearsed some time before.

Dr. Hilprecht was uncertain as to the language used by the ancient priest in his dream.

So, too, was the insistence on the relativity of the external world, and the ideas that language and things perceived by consciousness were poor substitutes indeed for immediate perception by pure, indwelling spirit: the opposition of pure consciousness to ratiocinating consciousness.

The complexities of communication have been considerably abetted in this case by appropriately stilted English language that has been excellently dubbed in place of the Russian dialogue.

The only man alive who seems qualified by his learning, his disposition and his addiction to a baroque luxuriance of language to inherit the literary mantle of Sacheverell Sitwell, Mr. Sansom writes of foreign parts with a dedication to decoration worthy of a pastry chef creating a wedding cake for the marriage of a Hungarian beauty ( her third ) and an American multimillionaire ( his fourth ).

Greek Christian scribes played a crucial role in the preservation of Aristotle by copying all the extant Greek language manuscripts of the corpus.

The Afroasiatic language family was originally referred to as " Hamito-Semitic ", a term introduced in the 1860s by the German scholar Karl Richard Lepsius.

Swift has his proposer further degrade the Irish by using language ordinarily reserved for animals.

A Specimen of typeset font s and language s, by William Caslon, letter founder ; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences | Cyclopaedia.

By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel ( or no vowel ) to be supplied by the native speaker.

Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is Australia's de facto official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

It also remained the spoken tongue of the indigenous Assyrian / Babylonian citizens of all Mesopotamia under Persian, Greek and Roman rule, and indeed well into the Arab period it was still the language of the majority, particularly in the north of Mesopotamia, surviving to this day among the Assyrian Christians.

It is the majority language of the western half of South Africa — the provinces of the Northern Cape and Western Cape — and the primary language of the coloured and white communities.

Research shows that the majority of our communication is non verbal, also known as body language.

Sangho, the language of a small group along the Oubangui River, is the national language spoken by the majority of Central Africans.

The difference between the pronunciation and spelling of " chicano " and " mexicano " stems from the fact that the modern-day Spanish language experienced a change in pronunciation regarding a majority of words containing the " x " ( for example: México, Ximenez, Xavier, Xarabe ).

Czech (; čeština ) is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers ; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide.

According to Ethnologue, the majority of the population speaks Somali ( 297, 000 speakers ) or Afar ( 99, 200 speakers ) as a first language, which are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively.

In 18th and 19th century Germany, several thousand local languages of the continental west Germanic dialect continuum were reclassified as dialects of modern New High German although the vast majority of them were ( and still are ) mutually incomprehensible, despite the fact that they all existed long before New High German, which had at least in part been shaped as a compromise or mediative language between these local languages.

Similarly, the Norwegian language is classified as a descendant of West Norse, while the written language used by the vast majority in Norway is derived from an older variant of standard Danish.

Since the great majority of people who first attempted to transcribe Chinese were not linguists ( and even if they were, the principles of modern phonemics were not discovered for another two centuries ), their endeavour was marred by a lack of systematic approach and many contemporary European misconceptions about language.

The majority consensus is that Etruscan is related only to other members of what is called the Tyrsenian language family which is an isolate family, that is, unrelated to other language groups by any known relationship ( see Language isolate ).

It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties ( thus excluding languages used by recent immigrants from other states, see immigrant languages ), which significantly differ from the majority or official language ( thus excluding what the state party wishes to consider as mere local dialects of the official or majority language ) and that either have a territorial basis ( and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State ) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole ( thereby including such languages as Yiddish and Romani, which are used over a wide geographic area ).

The majority of patients go through a period of spontaneous recovery following brain injury in which they regain a great deal of language function.

Few tensions exist between the Finnish-speaking majority and the Swedish-speaking minority, although in certain circles there is an unending debate about the status of the Swedish language.

This is a grammar, and — at least in the case of one's native language — the vast majority of the information in it is acquired not by conscious study or instruction, but by observing other speakers ; much of this work is done during infancy.