In mathematics, the absolute value ( or modulus ) of a real number is the numerical value of without regard to its sign.

The station unit number was 91 and the radio call sign was NRN-1.

A number of Banda ’ s orang kaya were persuaded ( or deceived ) by the Dutch to sign a treaty granting the Dutch a monopoly on spice purchases.

They present a number of artifacts, only some of which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama, and if the boy chooses the items which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama, this is seen as a sign, in conjunction with all of the other indications, that the boy is the reincarnation.

Especially for negative numbers, we have to distinguish between the fractional part of the notation and the fractional part of the number itself, because the latter gets its own decimal sign.

Thus it works as a separation sign and not as an indication for an alternative version of the i. Diacritics can be used for emphasis ( érg koud for very cold ) or for disambiguation between a number of words that are spelled the same when context doesn't indicate the correct meaning ( één appel

This led to the addition of the number sign (#, sometimes called ' octothorpe ,' ' pound ' or ' diamond ' in this context-' hash ' or ' gate ' in the UK ) and asterisk or " star " (*) keys as well as a group of keys for menu selection: A, B, C and D. In the end, the lettered keys were dropped from most phones, and it was many years before these keys became widely used for vertical service codes such as * 67 in the United States of America and Canada to suppress caller ID.

Among other things Thomas suggested to Sanders that were implemented ; KFC's signature chicken bucket ( to keep the chicken crisp ), reduce the number of items on the menu, focus on a signature dish, and introduce the trademark sign featuring a revolving red-striped bucket of chicken.

These manual alphabets ( also known as finger alphabets or hand alphabets ), have often been used in deaf education, and have subsequently been adopted as a distinct part of a number of sign languages around the world.

* Logarithmic number systems represent a real number by the logarithm of its absolute value and a sign bit.

On a typical computer system, a ' double precision ' ( 64-bit ) binary floating-point number has a coefficient of 53 bits ( one of which is implied ), an exponent of 11 bits, and one sign bit.

The German edition includes all of his papers on number theory: all the proofs of quadratic reciprocity, the determination of the sign of the Gauss sum, the investigations into biquadratic reciprocity, and unpublished notes.

The gamma function must alternate sign between the poles because the product in the forward recurrence contains an odd number of negative factors if the number of poles between and is odd, and an even number if the number of poles is even.

* Samples Sales: Used car salesman role for Junior Samples, with Misty Rowe as his later assistant, in his guise as a magician called Junior the Great, would try to palm off a major ' clunker ' and then hold up a sign to remind viewers that his phone number was " BR-549 ".

Whether these initiatives will have the desired effect of curbing such activities has yet to be seen ; although a number of hawala networks have been closed down and a number of hawaladars have been successfully prosecuted for money laundering, there is little sign that these actions have brought the authorities any closer to identifying and arresting a significant number of terrorists or drug smugglers.

A number sign indicates a word boundary ; at the beginning, that the sound following is word-initial.

More broadly the term is used in a wide number of contexts for an image, picture, or representation ; it is a sign or likeness that stands for an object by signifying or representing it either concretely or by analogy, as in semiotics ; by extension, icon is also used, particularly in modern culture, in the general sense of symbol — i. e. a name, face, picture, edifice or even a person readily recognized as having some well-known significance or embodying certain qualities: one thing, an image or depiction, that represents something else of greater significance through literal or figurative meaning, usually associated with religious, cultural, political, or economic standing.

In the case of the rational numbers this means that any number has two irreducible fractions, related by a change of sign of both numerator and denominator ; this ambiguity can be removed by requiring the denominator to be positive.

A call sign can be any number of letters and numerals but each country must only use call signs that begin with the characters allocated for use in that country.

However, block ciphers may also be used as building blocks in other cryptographic protocols, such as universal hash functions and pseudo-random number generators.

The discovery of differential cryptanalysis is generally attributed to Eli Biham and Adi Shamir in the late 1980s, who published a number of attacks against various block ciphers and hash functions, including a theoretical weakness in the Data Encryption Standard ( DES ).

If it's not found, the key's hash is turned into another number in the same range, and the request is routed to the node whose location is closest to the key.

This requirement excludes hash functions that depend on external variable parameters, such as pseudo-random number generators or the time of day.

The reason for this last requirement is that the cost of hashing-based methods goes up sharply as the number of collisions — pairs of inputs that are mapped to the same hash value — increases.

( In an ideal " perfect hash function ", no bucket should have more than one record ; but a small number of collisions is virtually inevitable, even if n is much larger than m – see the birthday paradox ).

In those situations, one needs a hash function which takes two parameters — the input data z, and the number n of allowed hash values.

A hash function that will relocate the minimum number of records when the table is resized is desirable.

What is needed is a hash function H ( z, n ) – where z is the key being hashed and n is the number of allowed hash values – such that H ( z, n + 1 ) = H ( z, n ) with probability close to n /( n + 1 ).

), and each input may independently occur with uniform probability, then a hash function need only map roughly the same number of inputs to each hash value.

In some applications, such as substring search, one must compute a hash function h for every k-character substring of a given n-character string t ; where k is a fixed integer, and n is k. The straightforward solution, which is to extract every such substring s of t and compute h ( s ) separately, requires a number of operations proportional to k · n.

A universal hashing scheme is a randomized algorithm that selects a hashing function h among a family of such functions, in such a way that the probability of a collision of any two distinct keys is 1 / n, where n is the number of distinct hash values desired — independently of the two keys.

In computational complexity theory, the complexity class # P ( pronounced " number P " or, sometimes " sharp P " or " hash P ") is the set of the counting problems associated with the decision problems in the set NP.

On the other hand some algorithms like hash tables have very poor worst case behaviours, but a well written hash table of sufficient size will statistically never give the worst case ; the average number of operations performed follows an exponential decay curve, and so the run time of an operation is statistically bounded.

Pre-computed dictionary attacks can be thwarted by the use of salt, a technique that forces the hash dictionary to be recomputed for each password sought, making precomputation infeasible provided the number of possible salt values is large enough.

A manifest describes the assembly in detail including unique identification ( via a hash, version number, etc.

* When random bits are requested, return that many bits derived from the entropy pool ( by a cryptographic hash function, say ) and decrement the estimate of the number of random bits remaining in the pool.

It is one of the most popular password testing and breaking programs as it combines a number of password crackers into one package, autodetects password hash types, and includes a customizable cracker.

There is one table for each number n of occurrences of d. For example, when d = 4, the hash table for two occurrences of d would contain the key-value pair 8 and 4 + 4, and the one for three occurrences, the key-value pair 2 and ( 4 + 4 )/ 4 ( strings shown in bold ).

Since the number of pawn positions examined is generally much smaller than the total number of positions searched, the pawn hash table has a very high hit rate, allowing a program to spend more time on sophisticated pawn evaluations because they are reused many times.

Both signs may have true vertical lines ; however, they are compulsory in the sharp sign, but optional in the number sign (#) depending on typeface or handwriting style.

Wherever a trait defined in this dictionary has a MIM number, the number from the 12th edition of MIM, is given in square brackets with or without an asterisk ( asterisks indicate that the mode of inheritance is known ; a number symbol (#) before an entry number means that the phenotype can be caused by mutation in any of two or more genes ) as appropriate e. g., Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease # 312080 is an X-linked recessive disorder.

(#) indicates the number of rower ( s ) who should start or stop – e. g. “ Bow pair fall-out, stern pair fall-in in two ..”

* Take (#) GIANT steps forward ( usually a small number, due to large step size )

* Take (#) BABY steps forward ( usually a large number, due to tiny step size )