He also was the original author of rzip, which uses a similar algorithm to rsync.

Jürgen Schmidhuber ( 2000 ) constructed a limit-computable " Super Omega " which in a sense is much more random than the original limit-computable Omega, as one cannot significantly compress the Super Omega by any enumerating non-halting algorithm.

Using to denote the size of the original grammar, the size blow-up in the worst case may range from to, depending on the transformation algorithm used.

( Earley's original algorithm included a look-ahead in the state ; later research showed this to have little practical effect on the parsing efficiency, and it has subsequently been dropped from most implementations.

* Parse :: Earley A Perl module that implements Jay Earley's original algorithm.

This generalized Euclidean algorithm can be put to many of the same uses as Euclid's original algorithm in the ring of integers: in any Euclidean domain, one can apply the Euclidean algorithm to compute the greatest common divisor of any two elements.

By reversing the steps in the Euclidean algorithm, the GCD can be expressed as a sum of the two original numbers each multiplied by a positive or negative integer, e. g., 21 = × 105 + × 252.

The first part of the algorithm computes an LU decomposition, while the second part writes the original matrix as the product of a uniquely determined invertible matrix and a uniquely determined reduced row-echelon matrix.

* Suppose that there is a compression algorithm that transforms every file into a distinct file which is no longer than the original file, and that at least one file will be compressed into something that is shorter than itself.

In order for a compression algorithm to be considered lossless, there needs to exist a reverse mapping from compressed bit sequences to original bit sequences ; that is to say, the compression method would need to encapsulate a bijection between " plain " and " compressed " bit sequences.

For instance, in the original version, the RSA algorithm was used to encrypt session keys ; RSA's security depends upon the one-way function nature of mathematical integer factoring.

The original author later produced a new version of the algorithm, which he named Double Metaphone.

Contrary to the original algorithm whose application is limited to English only, this version takes into account spelling peculiarities of a number of other languages.

It should be noted, however, that this table does not constitute a complete description of the original Metaphone algorithm, and the algorithm cannot be coded correctly from it.

It makes a number of fundamental design improvements over the original Metaphone algorithm.

This algorithm is guaranteed to converge to an image, and it should appear similar to the original image.

In the original algorithm, this was a burst of white noise, but it can also include any wideband signal, such as a rapid sine wave chirp or frequency sweep, or a single cycle of a sawtooth wave or square wave.

In the original algorithm, the filter consisted of averaging two adjacent samples, a particularly cheap filter that can be done without a multiplier ( just shift and add operations ).

The original algorithm used equal weighting on two adjacent samples, as this can be achieved without multiplication hardware, allowing extremely cheap implementations.

Dijkstra's original algorithm does not use a min-priority queue and runs in.

Although he did not attend any celebrated schools or universities, he was a master of Greek and Hebrew and could read the Bible in the original.

For by now the original cause of the quarrel, Philip's seizure of Gascony, was only one strand in the spider web of French interests that overlay all western Europe and that had been so well and closely spun that the lightest movement could set it trembling from one end to the other.

If his circumspection in regard to Philip's sensibilities went so far that he even refused to grant a dispensation for the marriage of Amadee's daughter, Agnes, to the son of the dauphin of Vienne -- a truly peacemaking move according to thirteenth-century ideas, for Savoy and Dauphine were as usual fighting on opposite sides -- for fear that he might seem to be favoring the anti-French coalition, he would certainly never take the far more drastic step of ordering the return of Gascony to Edward, even though, as he admitted to the English ambassadors, he had been advised that the original cession was invalid.

Laudably enough, it is offering classics and off-beat imports, but last week only one U.S. original was on the boards, Robert D. Hock's stunning Civil War work, Borak.

Stowey Rummel was internationally famous, a crafter of a genuine Americana in foreign eyes, an original designer whose inventive childishness with steel and concrete was made even more believably sincere by his personality.

He claims that he was denied due process of law in violation of the Fifth Amendment, because ( 1 ) at a hearing before a hearing officer of the Department of Justice, he was not permitted to rebut statements attributed to him by the local board, and ( 2 ) at the trial, he was denied the right to have the hearing officer's report and the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as to his claim.

Petitioner was not entitled, either in the administrative hearing at the Department of Justice or at his trial, to inspect the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, since he was furnished a resume of it, did not challenge its accuracy, and showed no particular need for the original report.

He says that he was not permitted to rebut before the hearing officer statements attributed to him by the local board, and, further, that he was denied at trial the right to have the Department of Justice hearing officer's report and the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as to his claim -- all in violation of the Fifth Amendment.

That Prokofieff's harmonies and forms sometimes seem professionally routine to our ears, may or may not indicate that he was less of an `` original '' than we prefer to believe.

This original capsule contained a battery and a transistor oscillator and was about 1 cm. in diameter.

when the insoluble fraction was suspended in a volume of saline equal to that of the original serum sample, no complete antibody activity could be detected.

Approximately ten days after the questionnaire was mailed, a follow-up airmail postcard was sent to each of the original names.

In parts a repeated sponging was needed, but everywhere we found that water alone was enough to restore the original brightness.

Down in Concord, New Hampshire, was a flier in the right place at the right time: Robert S. Fogg, a native New Englander, had been a World War 1, flying instructor, barnstormer, and one of the original planners of the Concord Airport.

`` To be creative is to have the ability to cause to exist -- to produce where nothing was before -- to bring forth an original production of human intelligence or power ''.

What remained lacked the original verve but it was at least dignified, as befitting the tragic circumstances.

Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues ( Cicero described his literary style as " a river of gold "), it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.

Although he described his method as translating " sometimes word for word, sometimes sense for sense ," Alfred's translation actually keeps very close to his original, although through his choice of language he blurred throughout the distinction between spiritual and secular authority.

* In the episode " 11: 59 " of Star Trek: Voyager's fifth season ( original air date: May 5, 1999 ), Earth's first self-contained ecosystem known as " The Millennium Gate " is referenced and described as one kilometer tall and having begun construction in 2001.

The original results of BCS ( discussed below ) described an s-wave superconducting state, which is the rule among low-temperature superconductors but is not realized in many unconventional superconductors such as the d-wave high-temperature superconductors.

Birca is described as an existing city in the original version, but then as destroyed in Scholia 138.

His performances were considered original, being described as having a natural ironic wit which appealed to talent scouts.

# A system is completely described by a wave function, representing the state of the system, which grows gradually with time but, upon measurement, collapses suddenly to its original size.

The ideal quality of the original Somerset Cheddar was described by Joseph Harding in 1864 as " close and firm in texture, yet mellow in character or quality ; it is rich with a tendency to melt in the mouth, the flavour full and fine, approaching to that of a hazelnut ".

" By the end of the following year he had taken up the ukelele and tea-chest bass and begun to participate in skiffle sessions with friends, and had started to play the piano ; meanwhile his stage presentation of numbers by both Presley and Chuck Berry — complete with gyrations in tribute to the original artists — to his local Wolf Cub group was described as " mesmerizing ... like someone from another planet.

Exploiting his androgynous appearance, the original cover of the UK version unveiled two months later would depict the singer wearing a dress: taking the garment with him, he wore it during interviews — to the approval of critics, including Rolling Stones John Mendelsohn who described him as " ravishing, almost disconcertingly reminiscent of Lauren Bacall "— and in the street, to mixed reaction including laughter and, in the case of one male pedestrian, producing a gun and telling Bowie to " kiss my ass ".

The original Atari implementation is described by Craig as " primitive " and has not been publicly released.

While not one of George Carlin's original seven dirty words, he noted in a later routine that the word fart, ought to be added to " the list " of words that were not acceptable ( for broadcast ) in any context ( which have non-offensive meanings ), and described television as ( then ) a " fart-free zone ".

It is described as a modernized version of the original story, and all characters from the film were expected to be scripted into the adaptation.

The essay has been described as " a daring and original piece of work in which he set out to show that theology must yield to the superior wisdom of philosophy ", and as such was controversial, particularly among the conservative professors at the University of Berlin.

The improvements made by Mullis allowed PCR to become a central technique in biochemistry and molecular biology, described by The New York Times as " highly original and significant, virtually dividing biology into the two epochs of before P. C. R.

The original legends varied significantly, however, with Wendigo sometimes being described as giants made of ice, or hairy beasts, or having other forms.

The original MIME specifications only described the structure of mail messages.

According to Smith, people begin performing rituals for some reason that is not related to myth ; later, after they have forgotten the original reason for a ritual, they try to account for the ritual by inventing a myth and claiming that the ritual commemorates the events described in that myth.

Censorship always followed Michelangelo, once described as " inventor delle porcherie " (" inventor of obscenities ", in the original Italian language referring to " pork things ").

In Los Angeles, the opposing factions were often described as " Hollywood punks " and " beach punks ", referring to Hollywood's central position in the original L. A. punk rock scene and to hardcore's popularity in the shoreline communities of South Bay and Orange County.

* Paleopaganism: A retronym coined to contrast with " Neopaganism ", " original polytheistic, nature-centered faiths ", such as the pre-Hellenistic Greek and pre-imperial Roman religion, pre-Migration period Germanic paganism as described by Tacitus, or Celtic polytheism as described by Julius Caesar.

A recent analysis of survey data using principal component analysis was carried out in 2003 in the UK ; the results of this study yielded the same two dimensions as found by Eysenck's original research: the familiar " left-right " R-dimension that mixes economic issues and social issues, and a second T-dimension that is described as " pragmatism vs idealism.

The original criteria for IIH were described by Dandy in 1937.