Carrel was a young surgeon in 1894 when the French president Sadi Carnot was assassinated with a knife.

The French president of the Ministerial Council, Reynaud, attributed the collapse in a speech on 21 May 1940:

Proving more fortunate was his choice to break with the French and seek friendly ties with Libyan president Qaddafi, taking away the rebels ' principal source of supplies.

His forecast of the form of government suitable to the modern world may be seen as prophetic: the largely ceremonial offices of president in some modern parliamentary democracies in Europe and e. g. Israel can be perceived as elected or appointed versions of Hegel's constitutional monarch ; the Russian and French presidents, with their stronger powers, may also be regarded in Hegelian terms as wielding powers suitable to the embodiment of the national will.

When in 1981 François Mitterrand was elected president Denard lost the support of the French intelligence service, but he managed to strengthen the link between SA and the Comoros.

He beat out retired French air force officer Mohamed Djaanfari and long-time politician Ibrahim Halidi, whose candidacy was backed by Azali Assoumani, the outgoing president.

The three years of estrangement following the unilateral declaration of independence and the nationalistic Soilih regime were followed during the conservative Abdallah and Djohar regimes by a period of growing trade, aid, cultural, and defense links between the former colony and France, punctuated by frequent visits to Paris by the head of state and occasional visits by the French president to Moroni.

Claude Louis Berthollet ( 9 December 1748 – 6 November 1822 ) was a Savoyard-French chemist who became vice president of the French Senate in 1804.

* 1960 – French forces crack down in a violent clash with protesters in French Algeria during a visit by French president Charles de Gaulle.

The French withdrew quickly, and on October 2, 1958, Guinea proclaimed itself a sovereign and independent republic, with Sékou Touré as president.

On February 29, 2004, a coup d ' état ousted the popularly elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, allegedly with the assistance of the French and United States governments ; U. S. and French soldiers were on the ground in Haiti at the time, recently arrived ( See controversy ).

Charles de Gaulle described the role he envisaged for the French president when he wrote the modern French constitution, stating the head of state should embody " the spirit of the nation " for the nation itself and the world: une certaine idée de la France ( a certain idea about France ).

The constitution of the Fifth French Republic provides for a prime minister who is chosen by the president, but who nevertheless must be able to gain support in the National Assembly.

In the French system, in the event of cohabitation, the president is often allowed to set the policy agenda in foreign affairs and the prime minister runs the domestic agenda.

General de Gaulle was elected president in 1958 and made the French Force de Frappe, the nuclear power, a priority of the French Defence.

Some of the lords and their descendants rose to high ranks in their adoptive countries, such as the French royalist Patrice de Mac-Mahon, who became president of France.

In Europe, English received a more central role particularly since 1919, when the Treaty of Versailles was composed not only in French, the common language of diplomacy at the time, but, under special request from American president Woodrow Wilson, also in English-a major milestone in the globalisation of English.

The International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) ( French: Comité international olympique, CIO ) is an international non-governmental organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre, Baron de Coubertin, on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president.

Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón, former mayor of Madrid, and Cécilia Attias, the former wife of former French president Nicolas Sarkozy, are two of Isaac Albéniz's great-grandchildren.

The judges on the Supreme Court or Corte Suprema are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself.

The president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court.

On November 6, 1985, the M-19 stormed the Colombian Palace of Justice and held the Supreme Court magistrates hostage, intending to put president Betancur on trial.

Other more recent political figures educated at Columbia include U. S President Barack Obama, Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court Ruth Bader Ginsburg, former U. S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, former chairman of the U. S. Federal Reserve Bank Alan Greenspan, U. S. Attorney General Eric Holder, and U. S. Solicitor General Donald Verrilli Jr .. Dwight D. Eisenhower served as the thirteenth president of Columbia University from 1948 to 1953.

They had one son, Charles Evans Hughes, Jr. and three daughters, one of whom was Elizabeth Hughes Gossett, one of the first humans injected with insulin, and who later served as president of the Supreme Court Historical Society.

Following the 11 February 2011 resignation of president Hosni Mubarak, Egypt came under the authority of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, commonly referred to as the Military Council.

In the presence of a UN observer team, a referendum was held on August 11, 1968, and 63 % of the electorate voted in favor of the constitution, which provided for a government with a General Assembly and a Supreme Court with judges appointed by the president.

The parliament also appoints the president of the Bank of Estonia, the Chief of the Headquarters of the Estonian Defense, the Comptroller General of Estonia, the Chancellor of Justice of Estonia and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Estonia, all on the proposal of the President of Estonia.

The president appoints the prime minister, the cabinet, and judges of the independent Supreme Court.

The terms of office for president, vice president, and congressional deputies were reduced from five years to four years ; for Supreme Court justices from six years to five years, and increased the terms of mayors and city councils from 30 months to four years.

On 28 June 2009, in the context of a constitutional crisis, the military, acting on orders of the Supreme Court of Justice, arrested the president, Manuel Zelaya after which they forcibly removed elected President Zelaya from Honduras.

On June 30, he showed a detention order, apparently signed June 26 by a Supreme Court judge, which ordered the armed forces to detain the president.

This may even lead to an institutional variability, as in North Korea, where, after the presidency of party leader Kim Il-Sung, the office was vacant for years, the late president being granted the posthumous title ( akin to some ancient Far Eastern traditions to give posthumous names and titles to royalty ) of " Eternal President " ( while all substantive power, as party leader, itself not formally created for four years, was inherited by his son Kim Jong Il, initially without any formal office ) until it was formally replaced on 5 September 1998, for ceremonial purposes, by the office of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, while the party leader's post as Chairman of the National Defense Commission was simultaneously declared " the highest post of the state ", not unlike Deng Xiaoping earlier in the People's Republic of China.

In the modern Islamic Republic of Iran the rahbar ( Supreme Leader, at present Ali Khamenei ) serves as head of state, above the elected ( sometimes lay ) president, who is formally the constitutional head of government.

The current board consists of 43 members elected to five-year terms, 25 life members who vote until their 75th birthday, 3 elected officers ( President, Treasurer, and Secretary ), and 4 ex officio members ( the president of the alumni association, the Governor of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Secretary of Education, and the Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ).

The president of the Supreme People's Assembly is Kim Yong-nam.

On 19 February a group calling itself the Supreme Council for Restoration of Democracy ( CSRD ) stormed the presidential palace during a meeting and took the president Mamadou Tandja hostage.

* 1991 – Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by republic's Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll.

Oviedo became the Colorado candidate for president in the 1998 election, but when the Supreme Court of Paraguay upheld in April his conviction on charges related to the 1996 coup attempt, he was not allowed to run and remained in confinement.

In 2004 Aníbal Acevedo Vilá ( PDP ) was declared the winner by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico as governor, by about 3, 000 votes, but his party lost control of the Senate, which elected NPP Senator Kenneth McClintock as its president, and the House of Representatives, which chose the NPP's José Aponte as Speaker, and Puerto Rico's seat in Congress, due to the election of Luis Fortuño.

* In the former Soviet Union, while the real power was exercised by the general secretary of the Communist Party, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet executed powers of collective head of state, and its chairman was often called " president " in the West.

The president also has the power to nominate federal judges, including members of the United States courts of appeals and the Supreme Court of the United States.

When Richard Nixon tried to use executive privilege as a reason for not turning over subpoenaed evidence to Congress during the Watergate scandal, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Nixon,, that executive privilege did not apply in cases where a president was attempting to avoid criminal prosecution.