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Page "Chemical reaction" ¶ 30
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pressure and dependence
He determined the dependence of the boiling of water with atmospheric pressure which was accurate even by modern day standards.
In the case of volumic thermal expansion at constant pressure and small intervals of temperature the dependence of temperature of density is:
The strong dependence of the rate of energy generation in the core on the temperature and pressure helps to sustain this balance.
The dependence of the hydrogen fusion rate on temperature and pressure means that it is only when it is compressed and heated at the surface of the white dwarf to a temperature of some 20 million kelvin that a nuclear fusion reaction occurs ; at these temperatures, hydrogen burns via the CNO cycle.
One of his other findings resulted from measurements of the dependence of the intensity of the electric photo current on the gas pressure, where he found the existence of an optimal gas pressure P < sub > m </ sub > corresponding to a maximum photocurrent ; this property was used for a creation of solar cells.
The technique of pi – theorem ’ s usage (`` the method of dimensions ’’) became widely known due to the works of Rayleigh ( the first application of the pi – theorem in the general case to the dependence of pressure drop in a pipe upon governing parameters probably dates back to 1892, a heuristic proof with the use of series expansion, to 1894 ).
For condensed phases ( solids and liquids ), the pressure dependence of solubility is typically weak and usually neglected in practice.
The pressure dependence of solubility does occasionally have practical significance.
Its pressure dependence is usually only a few percent for pressures up to 100 bar.
Similar phenomena affect strong sound waves in gas or plasma, due to the dependence of the sound speed on temperature and pressure.
In non-ideal gases, such as a van der Waals gas, the proportionality is not exact, and there is a slight dependence of sound velocity on the gas pressure.
It is generally held that the dependence on pressure is negligible, such that the process of catagenesis can be given as a first-order differential equation:
Joule's laws are a pair of laws concerning the heat produced by a current and the energy dependence of an ideal gas to that of pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively.
The temperature dependence of the Gibbs energy for an ideal gas is given by the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation and its pressure dependence is given by:
For condensed-phase reactions, the pressure dependence is weak.
The pressure dependence of the rate constant for condensed-phase reactions ( i. e., when reactants and products are solids or liquid ) is usually sufficiently weak in the range of pressures normally encountered in industry that it is neglected in practice.
The pressure dependence of the rate constant is associated with the activation volume.
The design dependence upon an enclosed pocket of gas leads to a need for a very durable surface material and / or ease of repair of tears and holes on the material, since a puncture or tear will result in the escape of the gas inside ( a leak ) and the deflation of the inflatable, which depends on the gas's pressure to hold its form.
In the latter case, the dependence of pressure
Britain's economic weakness, and its dependence on the financial support of the United States ( Britain had received a large American loan in 1946, and mid-1947 was to see the launching of the Marshall Plan ), left him little alternative but to yield to American pressure over Palestine policy.
When Slater entered the University of Rochester in 1917 he took physics courses and as a senior assisted in the physics laboratory and did his first independent research for a special honors thesis, a measurement of the dependence on pressure of the intensities of the Balmer lines of hydrogen.
The strong dependence of vapor pressure on mercury temperature limits the environments the mercury-based tubes can operate in.

pressure and can
It is, however, a disarming disguise, or perhaps a shield, for not only has Mercer proved himself to be one of the few great lyricists over the years, but also one who can function remarkably under pressure.
However, the surface temperature gradient can produce erroneous vapor-pressure measurements for the bulk liquid helium unless precautions are taken to isolate the tube ( which passes through the surface to the vapor pressure bulb ) from the liquid helium surface.
It has also been observed, in helium 2, that large discrepancies can exist between surface vapor pressures and those pressures measured by a vapor pressure thermometer.
From this doctors can read heart rate, change in diameter, pressure, and effective heart power.
These frequencies are amplified and detected by the FM receiver after each burst of transmitted energy and, after the `` pill '' has been calibrated, precise internal pressure indications can be obtained.
Although the Af calculation is obvious by analogy with that for gravitational field and osmotic pressure, it is interesting to confirm it by a method which can be generalized to include related effects.
If it is assumed that the formula given by Lodge of cosec Af applies, the pressure difference along the major axes can be calculated from the angle of inclination of the major axis, and from this the interfacial tension can be calculated.
Where this approach becomes critical, the industry can be expected to put much emphasis on this as evidence of its sincerity in `` resisting '' the wage pressures of a powerful union, requesting tariff relief after it has `` reluctantly '' acceded to the union pressure.
Similarly, higher levels of GNP do not, in themselves, provide grounds for raising prices, but they do relax some of the pressure on the industry so that it can raise prices higher for a given wage increase.
If the distant patron of the suburban branch has been frightened away from downtown by traffic problems, however, the city store can only pressure the politicians to do something about the highways or await the completion of the federal highway program.
The second productive period, the decade from 1910 to 1920, can be related to three events: the completion of The Dynasts in 1909, which left Hardy free of pressure for the first time in forty years ; ;
High blood pressure can get the best of any of us.
A combination of the bricks and adobe mortar that are laid across the beams creates an even load-bearing pressure that can last for many years depending on attrition.
The smallest sound that a person can hear, known as the threshold of hearing, is nine orders of magnitude smaller than the ambient pressure.
Any use of antibiotics can increase selective pressure in a population of bacteria to allow the resistant bacteria to thrive and the susceptible bacteria to die off.
Therefore, since sound is in fact an infinitesimal pressure difference propagating through a fluid, the speed of sound in that fluid can be considered the fastest speed that " information " can travel in the flow.
In fluid traveling at subsonic speed, this pressure disturbance can propagate upstream, changing the flow pattern ahead of the object and giving the impression that the fluid " knows " the object is there and is avoiding it.
Outside doctors can feel under pressure from care home staff.
Anemometers can be divided into two classes: those that measure the wind's speed, and those that measure the wind's pressure ; but as there is a close connection between the pressure and the speed, an anemometer designed for one will give information about both.
These fish can still, however, find their way around by means of their lateral lines, which are highly sensitive to fluctuating water pressure.
It can be produced by compressing other boron phases to 12 – 20 GPa and heating to 1500 – 1800 ° C ; it remains stable after releasing the temperature and pressure.
If the heat of vaporization and the vapor pressure of a liquid at a certain temperature is known, the normal boiling point can be calculated by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation thus:

0.135 seconds.