Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

An old-growth forest ( also termed primary forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, late seral forest, or in Britain, ancient woodland ) is a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance, and thereby exhibits unique ecological features and in some cases may be classified as a climax community.

Clearcutting can be used by foresters as a method of mimicking a natural disturbance and increasing primary successional species, such as poplar ( aspen ), willow and black cherry in North America.

The tallgrass prairie is an ecosystem native to central North America, with fire as its primary periodic disturbance.

Their acidic nature and low organic matter make them unfavourable sites for subsistence farming and cash-crop plantations, explaining the low levels of farming disturbance in the park, which remains mostly primary forest.

There is no evidence of any major historical human disturbance and at least the south part of the park is likely primary forest.

According to Walker, the number one affliction underlying almost every ailment is constipation, stating that constipation is " the primary cause of nearly every disturbance of the human system.

However, Reagan's primary physician, Dr. John Hutton, said the president " absolutely " did not " show any signs of dementia or Alzheimer's.

Rapid and sustained improvement in speech and dementia in a patient with primary progressive aphasia utilizing perispinal etanercept off-label, an anti-TNF treatment strategy also used for Alzheimer's, was recently reported.

Semantic dementia ( SD ) is a degenerative disease characterized by atrophy of anterior temporal regions ( the primary auditory cortex ; process auditory information ) and progressive loss of semantic memory.

The formal displacement of the geocentric principle far from being Copernicus' primary concern, was introduced only to resolve what seemed to him intolerable in orthodox astronomy, namely, the ' unphysical ' triplication of centric reference-points: one center from which the planet's distances were calculated, another around which planetary velocities were computed, and still a third center ( the earth ) from which the observations originated.

An exhaustive survey was made of the literature, and a primary reference file of approximately 600 references was catalogued.

For this reason, the more uncertain skywave service was denominated `` secondary '' in our rules, as compared to the steadier, more reliable groundwave `` primary service '', and, for both skywave service and skywave interference, signal strength is expressed in terms of percentage of time a particular signal-intensity level is exceeded -- 50 percent of the time for skywave service, 10 percent of the time for skywave interference.

The primary consideration in the compilation of this list was convenience in discussing the questionnaire with company officers.

Walton dropped everything to serve as a district co-ordinator in the hard-fought Wisconsin primary and proved so useful that he was promoted to be liaison officer to critically important New York City.

In any case, anyone who fails to make significant distinction between primary and secondary applications of economic pressure would in principle already have justified that use of economic boycott as a means which broke out a few years ago or was skillfully organized by White Citizens' Councils in the entire state of Mississippi against every local Philco dealer in that state, in protest against a Philco-sponsored program over a national TV network on which was presented a drama showing, it seemed, a `` high yellow gal '' smooching with a white man.

The September-October term jury had been charged by Fulton Superior Court Judge Durwood Pye to investigate reports of possible `` irregularities '' in the hard-fought primary which was won by Mayor-nominate Ivan Allen Jr..

Although the primary mathematical properties of the middle number at the center of the Lo Shu, and the interrelation of all the other numbers to it, might seem enough to account for the deep fascination which the Lo Shu held for the Old Chinese philosophers, this was actually only a beginning of wonders.

A year ago it was bruited that the primary character in Erich Maria Remarque's new novel was based on the Marquis Alfonso De Portago, the Spanish nobleman who died driving in the Mille Miglia automobile race of 1957.

The President said the primary goal of his actions as president ( he used the first person pronoun and explicitly refers to his " official duty ") was preserving the Union:

From the mid-1980s through at least 1992, the United States was the primary source of military and other support for the UNITA rebel movement, which was led from its creation through 2002 by Jonas Savimbi.

In the case of the tapering worm tubes Selkirkia, trilobites are always found with their heads directed towards the opening of the tube, suggesting that they reversed in ; the absence of any moulted carapaces suggests that moulting was not their primary reason for seeking shelter.

In anorectal abscesses, primary closure healed faster, but 25 % of abscesses healed by secondary intention and recurrence was higher.

Furthermore, the primary testimony to the commission that connected baseball to Doubleday was that of Abner Graves, whose credibility is questionable ; a few years later, he shot his wife to death and was committed to an institution for the criminally insane for the rest of his life.

It was the primary form of instruction at Rochester School for the Deaf.

The alternating current power line frequency of 60 Hz was the primary clock rate for the lowest level operations.

( c. 4 ), who likewise follows Hippolytus's Compendium, adds some further particulars ; that ' Abraxas ' gave birth to Mind ( nous ), the first in the series of primary powers enumerated likewise by Irenaeus and Epiphanius ; that the world, as well as the 365 heavens, was created in honour of ' Abraxas ;' and that Christ was sent not by the Maker of the world but by ' Abraxas.

Throughout his career, Alaric's primary goal was not to undermine the Empire, but to secure for himself a regular and recognized position within the Empire's borders.

The campaign included fierce debates ; Johnson's primary issue was the passage of the Homestead bill, which Haynes contended would facilitate abolition.

The Fulton County Grand Jury said Friday an investigation of Atlanta's recent primary election produced `` no evidence '' that any irregularities took place.

Mitchell said the statement should become a major issue in the primary and the fall campaign.

`` He is wrong to inject Eisenhower into this campaign '', he said, `` because the primary is being waged on state issues and I will not be forced into re-arguing an old national campaign ''.

In his only attack on the Republicans, Hughes said, `` The three Republican candidates for governor are tripping over their feet for popular slogans to win the primary.

Martin said the government has been working to establish firmer prices on primary products which may involve the total income of one country.

`` From its beginning '', the trustees' statement said Friday, `` Emory University has assumed as its primary commitment a dedication to excellence in Christian higher learning.

He points out that Shrine 261 is not strictly analogous to the Ark of the Covenant: it can only be said that the Anubis Shrine is " ark-like ", constructed of wood, gilded and gessoed, stored within a sacred tomb, " guarding " the treasury of the tomb ( and not the primary focus of that environment ), that it contains compartments within it that store and hold sacred objects, that it has a figure of Anubis on its lid, and that it was carried by two staves permanently inserted into rings at its base and borne by eight priests in the funerary procession to Tutankhamun's tomb.

Generally, every modern written constitution confers specific powers to an organization or institutional entity, established upon the primary condition that it abides by the said constitution's limitations.

According to one American report, Mubarak views Iran as the primary long-term challenge facing Egypt, and an Egyptian official said that Iran is running agents inside Egypt in an effort to subvert the Egyptian regime.

These vows are to the primary Roman gods-Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva ( the Capitoline Triad )- but other shipwrecked sailors are said to make offerings to Isis.

Rules, said Hart, are divided into primary rules ( rules of conduct ) and secondary rules ( rules addressed to officials to administer primary rules ).

It is said he adopted the name of a jailer of the Odessa prison in which he had earlier been held, which became his primary revolutionary pseudonym.

The primary paradigm of contemporary mainstream Western psychiatry is said to be the biopsychosocial model which incorporates biological, psychological and social factors, although this may not always be applied in practice.

Despite the large number of philosophical schools and subtle nuances between many, all philosophies are said to fall into one of two primary categories, which are defined in contrast to each other: Idealism, and materialism.

Any linear-chain heteropolymer can be said to have a " primary structure " by analogy to the usage of the term for proteins, but this usage is rare compared to the extremely common usage in reference to proteins.

Matsumoto has said his primary design goal was to make a language which he himself enjoyed using, by minimizing programmer work and possible confusion.

Although its primary intent was to deal with organized crime, Blakey said that Congress never intended it to merely apply to the Mob.

Bradshaw later explained that Stallworth was not even the primary receiver on the play: " I was going to Lynn Swann on the post ," he said, " but the Cowboys covered Swann and left Stallworth open.

Turns ratio is commonly expressed as an irreducible fraction or ratio: for example, a transformer with primary and secondary windings of, respectively, 100 and 150 turns is said to have a turns ratio of 2: 3 rather than 0. 667 or 100: 150.

On 7 March 1944 Messing is said to have predicted Hitler's death date, but there exists no primary account of this supposed prediction.

: Step 6: X knows that Y has said something in something other than the literal meaning, and the primary illocutionary act must have been the rejection of X's proposal.

In his letters, Moro said that the state's primary objective should be saving lives, and that the government should comply with his kidnappers ' demands.