* 1947 – Bernard Baruch coins the term " Cold War " to describe the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.

The term can trace its origin to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan when millions of Afghans took refuge in neighboring Pakistan and Iran.

In some countries, particularly in some Communist countries, the term national bank may be used to indicate both the monetary authority and the leading banking entity, such as the Soviet Union's Gosbank ( state bank ).

Also, the term " chekist " often referred to Soviet secret police throughout the Soviet period, despite official name changes over time.

The exact identity of these individuals is confused by the fact that the Soviet Bolshevik government used the term ' bandit ' to cover ordinary criminals as well as armed and unarmed political opponents, such as the anarchists.

He implemented these measures because he wanted to resolve serious economic problems and political inertia that clearly threatened to put the Soviet Union into a state of long − term stagnation.

* Former Soviet Union, collective term for the fifteen nations that formed the Soviet Union until 1991

Chinese Marxists used the term to denounce the Soviet Union during the Sino-Soviet Split, and likewise, the Soviets used the term to identify Chinese Marxists.

Later, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the term has been used in Finland for the post-1968 radicalization in the latter half of the Urho Kekkonen era.

Although the term Gulag originally referred to a government agency, the acronym acquired the qualities of a common noun, denoting: the Soviet system of prison-based, unfree labor — including specific labor, punishment, criminal, political, and transit camps for men, women, and children.

The official term, " corrective labor camp ", was suggested for official politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union use in the session of July 27, 1929.

Explaining the internal impact of the DDR regime from the perspective of German history in the long term, historian Gerhard A. Ritter ( 2002 ) has argued that the East German state was defined by two dominant forces – Soviet Communism on the one hand, and German traditions filtered through the interwar experiences of German Communists on the other.

Orthodox Trotskyism uses the term caste rather than class, because they saw the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers ' state, not a new class society.

The term was popularized by the Soviet dissident Michael Voslenski, who in 1970 wrote a book titled Nomenklatura: The Soviet Ruling Class ().

They formed an international alliance to promote their views, calling it the International Communist Opposition, though it became better known as the Right Opposition, after a term used by the Trotskyist Left Opposition in the Soviet Union to refer to Bukharin and his supporters there.

According to Dr. Vitalii Nikolaevich Tsygichko, a Senior Analyst at the Academy of Sciences, the author of the study, Mathematical Model of Soviet Strategic Operations on the Continental Theater, and a former member of the General Staff, military analysts discussed the idea of a " nuclear winter " ( although they did not use that exact term ) years before U. S. scientists wrote about it in the 1980s .< REF > http :// www. gwu. edu /~ nsarchiv // nukevault / ebb285 /</ REF >

For example, research was carried out and regular conferences held in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union although the word parapsychology was discarded in favour of the term " psychotronics ".

In the early 1990s, the term " Pepsi-stroika " began appearing as a pun on " perestroika ", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev.

The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

During her second term as prime minister, the government instituted socialist economic polices, strengthening ties with the Soviet Union and China, while promoting a policy of non-alignment.

The term came into prominence during the mid-1930s, when Lazar Kaganovich, a Soviet politician and associate of Stalin, reportedly declared, " Let's replace Long Live Leninism with Long Live Stalinism!

The term Nonconformist generally replaced the term " Dissenter " from the middle of the eighteenth century.

Originally, the term included English and Welsh Roman Catholics whom the original draft of the Nonconformist Relief Act 1779 styled " Protesting Catholic Dissenters.

Art is a term that describes a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities, but here refers to the visual arts, which cover the creation of images or objects in fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

In the 1939 lecture, Tolkien introduced the term " fantasy " in a sense of " higher form of Art, indeed the most nearly pure form, and so ( when achieved ) the most potent ".

Within the book, the statement of divine immanence verbalized between the main characters, " Thou Art God ", is logically derived from the concept inherent in the term grok.

An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the " Science and Art " of swordplay.

Earlier in England in 1958 the term " Pop Art " was used by Lawrence Alloway to describe paintings that celebrated consumerism of the post World War II era.

Some institutions, such as St. Vital Historical Society and the Walker Art Center, use the term to refer to a portion of their collection that travels to sites away from the museum for educational purposes.

This term was first used in regard to these works in Edward Dowden's Shakespeare: A Critical Study of His Mind and Art ( 1875 ).

The term Roman Art and Roman Architecture has no ethnic meaning relating to Italic Romans.

Before the term " Art Nouveau " became common in France, le style moderne (" the modern style ") was the more frequent designation.

Hector Guimard's Paris Métro entrances, for example, provided the term Style Métro, the popularity in Italy of Art Nouveau designs from London's Liberty & Co department store resulted in its being known as the Stile Liberty (" Liberty style "), and, in the United States, it became known as the " Tiffany style " due to its association with Louis Comfort Tiffany.

As a stand-alone term, however, " Secession " (,, ) is used frequently to describe the general characteristics of Art Nouveau style outside Vienna, but mostly in areas of Austria-Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century.

* Jugendstil c. 1885 – 1910 German term for Art Nouveau

The subword "< i > wushi </ i >," ( 武士 ) when bifurcated into two parts, the first term "< i > wu </ i >" ( 武 ) describes a person competent in martial arts such as King Wu, with the second term "< i > shi </ i >," ( 士 ) meaning army .< ref > 易經道 Yijing Dao, 鳴鶴在陰, Calling crane in the shade, Biroco-The Art of Doing Nothing, 2003-2012, 馬夏 ( Ma, Xia ) < i > et </ i >.

Byrne then attended the Rhode Island School of Design ( during the 1970-71 term ) and the Maryland Institute College of Art ( during the 1971-72 term ) before dropping out and forming a band called " The Artistics " with fellow RISD student Chris Frantz.

The term was coined in 1985 by comics artist Will Eisner in his book Comics and Sequential Art.

The term “ defamiliarization ” was first coined in 1917 by Viktor Shklovsky ( also spelled Shklovskij ) in his essay “ Art as Device ” ( alternate translation: “ Art as Technique ”) ( Crawford 209 ).

The acronym term " YBA " ( or " yBa ") was not coined until 1996 ( in Art Monthly magazine ).

The term " yBa " was coined by Simon Ford in a feature " Myth Making " in March 1996 in Art Monthly magazine.

There are also specialist technical subjects through 4 term graduate certificate courses ( in Theatre Design, Theatre Costume, Scenic Art ( this course runs in partnership with the apprenticeship schemes of the Royal Opera House and The Royal National Theatre ), Scenic Construction, Property Making and Stage Electrics and Lighting Design ) and offers a Master ( MA ) in Text and Performance Studies taught jointly between RADA and Birkbeck College, University of London.

The earliest use of the term may have been in The Art Union, A monthly Journal of the Fine Arts, 1839.