** This German publication is both one of the most comprehensive general introductions to the life and works of the philosopher and physician Avicenna ( Ibn Sīnā, d. 1037 ) and an extensive and careful survey of his contribution to the history of science.

Notable works include Abu Bakr al-Razi's encyclopedia of science, the Mutazilite Al-Kindi's prolific output of 270 books, and Ibn Sina's medical encyclopedia, which was a standard reference work for centuries.

Also notable are works of universal history ( or sociology ) from Asharites, al-Tabri, al-Masudi, Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings, Ibn Rustah, al-Athir, and Ibn Khaldun, whose Muqadimmah contains cautions regarding trust in written records that remain wholly applicable today.

One of the Arabic translations, ‘ Kitab ila Aglooqan fi Shifa al Amraz ’, which is extant in the Library of Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, is regarded as a masterpiece of Galen's literary works.

As the title, Doubts on Galen by Rhazes implies, as well as the writings of physicians such as Ibn Zuhr ( Avenzoar ) and Ibn al-Nafis, the works of Galen were not accepted unquestioningly, but as a challengeable basis for further inquiry.

Galen's works on anatomy and medicine became the mainstay of the medieval physician's university curriculum, alongside Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine which elaborated on Galen's works.

The works of Ibn al-Haytham and Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī eventually passed on to Western Europe where they were studied by scholars such as Roger Bacon and Witelo.

Major works from this decade include Ibn al-Haytham ( Alhacen )' s Book of Optics, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi ( Abulcasis )' s 30-volume medical encyclopedia, the Al-Tasrif.

* Other significant contributions to scientific and mathematical understanding were made by Avicenna, who would later publish influential works on medicine, Persian Muslim polymath and scientist Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Arab Egyptian Muslim mathematician and astronomer Ibn Yunus, Persian Muslim physicist and mathematician Abu Sahl al-Quhi ( Kuhi ) and Persian Muslim astronomer and mathematician, Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi.

Averroes also studied the works and philosophy of Ibn Bajjah (" Avempace " to the West ), another famous Islamic philosopher who greatly influenced his own Averroist thought.

He also made a compilation of the works of Galen, and wrote a commentary on the Canon of Medicine ( Qanun fi't-tibb ) of Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) ( 980-1037 ).

Famous Persian scientist Ibn Sina ( known to the West as Avicenna ) produced treatises and works that summarized the vast amount of knowledge that scientists had accumulated, and was very influential through his encyclopedias, The Canon of Medicine and The Book of Healing.

He studied a Braille version of the Qur ' an as a child and developed an interest in the works of the Islamic purists Ibn Taymiyah and Sayyid Qutb.

Sowa combines ideas from numerous disciplines and eras modern and ancient, for example, applying ideas from Aristotle, the medieval Scholastics to Alfred North Whitehead and including database schema theory, and incorporating the model of analogy of Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyyah in his works.

Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, considered the greatest epic of Italian literature, derived many features of and episodes about the hereafter directly or indirectly from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj ( translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi, " The Book of Muhammad's Ladder ") concerning Muhammad's ascension to Heaven, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi.

Of greater original value than the grammatical works of Ibn Ezra are his commentaries on most of the books of the Bible, of which, however, the Books of Chronicles have been lost.

Uncharacteristically of either Ibn Ezra's other commentaries on biblical works, or of Jewish exegesis of the time, the commentary on Ecclesiastes begins with an autobiographical poem ( written in the third person ) relating his life experience to the material in Ecclesiastes.

* Epstein, Meira, " Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra "-An article by Meira Epstein, detailing all of ibn Ezra's extant astrological works

A series of eminent men — such as the Ibn Tibbons, Narboni, Gersonides — joined in translating the Arabic philosophical works into Hebrew and commenting upon them.

The works of Ibn Rushd especially became the subject of their study, due in great measure to Maimonides, who, in a letter addressed to his pupil Joseph ben Judah, spoke in the highest terms of Ibn Rushd's commentary.

The first detailed studies on the subject of historiography and the first critiques on historical methods appeared in the works of the Arab Ash ' ari polymath Ibn Khaldun ( 1332 – 1406 ), who is regarded as the father of historiography, cultural history, and the philosophy of history, especially for his historiographical writings in the Muqaddimah ( Latinized as Prolegomena ) and Kitab al-Ibar ( Book of Advice ).

He added that he also stresses the works of these favorite masters on tour, especially Mahler's First and Fourth symphonies, and Das Lied Von der Erde, and Bruckner's Sixth -- which is rarely played -- and Seventh.

He had learned to dispute devastatingly, both formally and informally in Latin, and according to the rules on any topic, pro or con, drawn from almost any subject, more especially from Aristotle's works.

Patchen does read some of his earlier works to music, but he has written an entire book of short poems which seem to be especially suited for reading with jazz.

One might have expected that such a violent epoch of transition would have destroyed the creative flair of a composer, especially one whose works were so fluent and spontaneous.

This process is well reflected in contemporary Angolan literature, especially in the works of Pepetela and Ana Paula Ribeiro Tavares.

Aphrodite is usually said to have been born near Paphos, on the island of Cyprus, for which reason she is called " Cyprian ", especially in the poetic works of Sappho.

The rationalistic method pursued by the new school of Maimonists ( including Levi ben Abraham ben Chayyim of Villefranche, near the town of Perpignan, and Jacob Anatolio ) especially provoked his indignation ; for the sermons preached and the works published by them seemed to resolve the entire Scriptures into allegory and threatened to undermine the Jewish faith and the observance of the Law and tradition.

Alexander is known for reflecting the works of several other Middle Age thinkers, especially those of Saint Anselm, and Saint Augustine.

" The Pali term has sometimes been translated as " wisdom-being ," although in modern publications, and especially in tantric works, this is more commonly reserved for the term jñānasattva (" awareness-being "; Tib.

The works dealing with the Old Testament included Commentary on Samuel, Commentary on Genesis, Commentaries on Ezra and Nehemiah, On the Temple, On the Tabernacle, Commentaries on Tobit, Commentaries on Proverbs, Commentaries on the Song of Songs, Commentaries on the Canticle of Habakkuk, The works on Ezra, the Tabernacle and the Temple were especially influenced by Gregory the Great's writings.

Not surprisingly, the gallery is especially strong in Baroque paintings and includes notable works by Rubens, Tintoretto, Veronese, Cranach, Gerard David, Murillo, Mattia Preti, Ribera, van Dyck, and Doré.

However, the illegal copying of books and other text works remains common, especially for educational reasons.

" She spent the next three years investigating the law of God according to the Bible, especially in the words and works of Jesus.

Christian Scientists believe that through scientific study of the inspired word of the Bible, especially Jesus ' words and works, one can learn to heal.

From the 1960s through the end of the century Gary Karr was the leading proponent of the double bass as a solo instrument and was active in commissioning or having hundreds of new works and concerti written especially for him.

His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics ( especially geometry ) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century.

The majority of films produced in the Federal Republic in the 1960s were genre works: westerns, especially the series of movies adapted from Karl May's popular genre novels which starred Pierre Brice as the Apache Winnetou and Lex Barker as his white blood brother Old Shatterhand ; thrillers and crime films, notably a series of Edgar Wallace movies in which Klaus Kinski, Heinz Drache, Wolfgang Völz, and Joachim Fuchsberger were among the regular players ; and softcore sex films, both the relatively serious Aufklärungsfilme ( sex education films ) of Oswalt Kolle and such exploitation films as Schulmädchen-Report ( Schoolgirl Report ) ( 1970 ) and its successors.

Although William was a distant parent, he shared his love of music, especially the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, with his children.

In the early-modern period, the word fart was not considered especially vulgar ; it even surfaced in literary works.

Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.

" Elsewhere, Orwell strongly praised the works of Jack London, especially his book The Road.

While Brooks's musical style placed him squarely within the boundaries of country music, he was strongly influenced by the 1970s singer-songwriter movement, especially the works of James Taylor ( whom he idolized and named his first child after ) and Dan Fogelberg.

The post-war years were a time of hardship, natural disaster and mass emigration, followed by rebuilding, large-scale public works programmes ( especially the Delta Works ), economic recovery, European integration and the gradual introduction of a welfare state.

There is controversy over the copyright status of many of Lovecraft's works, especially his later works.