Averroes, Avicenna and Alpharabius, who wrote on Aristotle in great depth, also influenced Thomas Aquinas and other Western Christian scholastic philosophers.

In it Anatoli manifests a wide acquaintance not only with the classic Jewish exegetes, but also with Plato, Aristotle, Averroes, and the Vulgate, as well as with a large number of Christian institutions, some of which he ventures to criticize, such as celibacy and monastic castigation, as well as certain heretics ( compare 15a, 98a, 115a ); and he repeatedly appeals to his readers for a broader cultivation of the classic languages and the profane branches of learning.

Sunspot activity in 1129 was described by John of Worcester, and Averroes provided a description of sunspots later in the 12th century ; however, these observations were also misinterpreted as planetary transits, until Galileo gave the correct explanation in 1612.

Averroes ' name is also seen as Averroës, Averroès or Averrhoës, indicating that the " o " and the " e " form separate syllables.

Averroes later reported how it was also Ibn Tufail that inspired him to write his famous commentaries on Aristotle:

Averroes is also a highly regarded legal scholar of the Maliki school.

Averroes is also a highly-regarded legal scholar of the Maliki school.

* Averroes is also the title of a play called " The Gladius and The Rose ", written by Tunisian writer Mohamed Ghozzi, and which had the first price in the theater festival in Charjah in 1999.

The concept of " existence precedes essence ", a key foundational concept of existentialism, can also be found in the works of Averroes, as a reaction to Avicenna's concept of " essence precedes existence ".

The Mu ' tazilah school of Islamic theology also defended the view ( with, for example, Nazzam maintaining that God is powerless to engage in injustice or lying ), as did the Islamic philosopher Averroes.

This opened up to him the Arabic versions of Aristotle and the multitudinous commentaries of the Arabs upon them, and also brought him into contact with the original works of Avicenna and Averroes.

However, scholars have also found implicit traces of the idea in the works of Al-Ghazali ( The Incoherence of the Philosophers ), Averroes ( The Incoherence of the Incoherence ), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi ( Matalib al -' Aliya ) and John Duns Scotus.

His writings, however, show traces of the influence of Averroes, hence he is an Averroistic Aristotelean ; apparently he was also inclined to pantheism, consequently he was included, later, in the Spinozists before Spinoza.

) Another form of this argument is based on the concept of a prime-mover ; this Aristotelian form of the argument was also propounded by Averroes.

Another form of this argument is based on the concept of a prime-mover ( This is the Aristotelian form of the argument also propounded by Averroes ).

A complete version of Aristotle's Poetics appeared later ( first in 1570 in an Italian version ), but his ideas had circulated ( in an extremely truncated form ) as early as the 13th century in Hermann the German's Latin translation of Averroes ' Arabic gloss, and other translations of the Poetics had appeared in the first half of the 16th century ; also of importance were the commentaries on Aristotle's poetics by Julius Caesar Scaliger which appeared in the 1560s.

They were studied by Islamic and Jewish scholars, including Rabbi Moses Maimonides ( 1135 – 1204 ) and the Muslim Judge Ibn Rushd, known in the West as Averroes ( 1126 – 1198 ); both were originally from Cordoba, Spain, although the former left Iberia and by 1168 lived in Egypt.

Among his most important works were translations of texts by Averroes.

Prior to translating Averroes ' commentaries, Anatoli had occupied himself with the translation of astronomical treatises by the same writer and others ; but at the instance of friends he turned his attention to logic and the speculative works, realizing and recommending theimportance of logic, in particular, in view of the contemporary religious controversies.

Grosseteste's most famous disciple, Roger Bacon, wrote works citing a wide range of recently translated optical and philosophical works, including those of Alhazen, Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes, Euclid, al-Kindi, Ptolemy, Tideus, and Constantine the African.

Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been preserved by the Muslims, along with the commentaries of Averroes.

The Arabs lost sight of Aristotle's political science but continued to study Plato's Republic which became the basic text of Judeo-Islamic political philosophy as in the works of Alfarabi and Averroes ; this did not happen in the Christian world, where Aristotle's Politics was translated in the 13th century and became the basic text as in the works of Saint Thomas Aquinas.

In Persia, works such as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam and Epic of Kings by Ferdowsi provided evidence of political analysis, while the Middle Eastern Aristotelians such as Avicenna and later Maimonides and Averroes, continued Aristotle's tradition of analysis and empiricism, writing commentaries on Aristotle's works.

Jacob Anatoli translated several of the works of Averroes from Arabic into Hebrew in the 13th century.

Averroes rejected Avicenna's Neoplatonism which was partly based on the works of neo-Platonic philosophers, Plotinus and Proclus, that were mistakenly attributed to Aristotle.

Averroes wrote commentaries on most of the surviving works of Aristotle working from Arabic translations.

Averroes is most famous for his commentaries of Aristotle's works, which had been mostly forgotten in the West.

* Averroes, Islamic Philosophy Online ( links to works by and about Averroes in several languages )

* SIEPM Virtual Library, including scanned copies ( PDF ) of the Editio Juntina of Averroes ' works in Latin ( Venice 1550-1562 )

* Averroes Database, including full bibliography of his works

The opposite idea of " Existence precedes essence " was thus developed in the works of Averroes and Mulla Sadra as a reaction to this idea and is a key foundational concept of existentialism.

Gersonides and his father were avid students of the works of Alexander of Aphrodisias, Aristotle, Empedocles, Galen, Hippocrates, Homer, Plato, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Themistius, Theophrastus, Ali ibn Abbas al-Magusi, Ali ibn Ridwan, Averroes, Avicenna, Qusta ibn Luqa, Al-Farabi, Al-Fergani, Chonain, Isaac Israeli, Ibn Tufail, Ibn Zuhr, Isaac Alfasi, and Maimonides.

As an admirer of Averroes ; he devoted a great deal of study to his works and wrote commentaries on a number of them.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) is most famous for his commentaries on Aristotle's works and for writing The Incoherence of the Incoherence in which he defended the falasifa against al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers.

The works of Hellenistic-influenced Islamic philosophers were crucial in the reception of Aristotelian logic in medieval Europe, along with the commentaries on the Organon by Averroes.

The opposite idea of " existence precedes essence " was thus developed in the works of Averroes and Mulla Sadra's transcendent theosophy.

Alkindus considered Aristotle as the outstanding and unique representative of philosophy and Averroes spoke of Aristotle as the " exemplar " for all future philosophers.

Anatoli, in fact, was the first man to translate the commentaries of Averroes into Hebrew, thus opening a new era in the history of Aristotelian philosophy.

The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).

In particular, early secular ideas involving the separation of philosophy and religion can be traced back to Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) and the Averroism school of philosophy.

Aquinas showed how it was possible to incorporate much of the philosophy of Aristotle without falling into the " errors " of the Commentator Averroes.

Such neo-Platonist accounts of the rational part of the human soul were standard amongst medieval Islamic philosophers, and under this influence, mainly via Averroes, came to be debated seriously in Europe until well into the renaissance, and they remain important in Iranian philosophy .< etc

(), better known just as Ibn Rushd (), and in European literature as Averroes (; April 14, 1126 – December 10, 1198 ), was an Andalusian Muslim polymath ; a master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy, geography, mathematics, physics and celestial mechanics.

Averroes furthered the tradition of Greek philosophy in the Islamic world ( falsafa ).

Criticizing al-Farabi's attempt to merge Plato and Aristotle's ideas, Averroes argued that Aristotle's philosophy diverged in significant ways from Plato's.

Inspired by Islamic philosophers Avicenna and Averroes, Aristotelian philosophy became part of a standard approach to all legal and ethical discussion in Europe by the time of Thomas Aquinas.

The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School, and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries, namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa, though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism, Illuminationist philosophy, Mystical philosophy, and Transcendent theosophy.

From the 9th century onwards, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy and Hellenistic philosophy were introduced among the Persians and Arabs, and the Peripatetic and Neoplatonic schools began to find able representatives among them ; such were al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.

The influence of this reaction brought forth the two greatest philosophers that the Islamic Peripatetic school ever produced, namely, Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ) and Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), both of whom undertook the defense of philosophy.

It was commonly believed that the Asharites put an end to philosophy as such in the Muslim world, with the death of Averroes at the end of the 12th century.

In the Islamic world, the works of Aristotle were translated into Arabic, and under philosophers such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes, Aristotelianism became a major part of early Islamic philosophy.

* In medieval scholastic philosophy, " The Commentator " refers to Averroes, a 12th century Muslim philosopher

By the 12th century, Aristotle's works began being translated into Latin during the Latin translations of the 12th century, and gradually arose Scholastic philosophy under such names as Thomas Aquinas, which took its tone and complexion from the writings of Aristotle, the commentaries of Averroes, and The Book of Healing of Avicenna.