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These liquid crystal membrane phases can also host important proteins such as receptors freely " floating " inside, or partly outside, the membrane, e. g. CCT.
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These and liquid
These estimates indicated that the quantum yield for the exchange of chlorine with liquid carbon tetrachloride at 65-degrees is of the order of magnitude of unity.
These waves have shown that 1,800 miles below the surface a liquid core begins, and that it, in turn, has a solid inner core.
These compounds, when heated together, form an azeotrope, which is a composition with a boiling point higher or lower than the boiling point of each separate liquid.
These anisotropic self-assembled nano-structures can then order themselves in much the same way as thermotropic liquid crystals do, forming large-scale versions of all the thermotropic phases ( such as a nematic phase of rod-shaped micelles ).
These changes can be observed and attributed to various phase transitions, such as key liquid crystal transitions.
These liquid crystals phases may be ferroelectric or anti-ferroelectric, both of which are of interest for applications.
These life forms are found in almost every location on the Earth where there is liquid water, including the interior of rocks within the planet.
These reactors can function much like a PWR in terms of efficiency, and do not require much high pressure containment, as the liquid metal does not need to be kept at high pressure, even at very high temperatures.
These pumps are usually specified when the pumped fluid is mainly liquid.
These are cooled by liquid nitrogen or helium.
These concentrated products may be diluted with water to form a concentrated liquid fertilizer ( e. g. UAN ).
These ISO tanks can also be used for transportation of liquid chemicals and food stuffs.
These oscillating bubbles are responsible for most liquid sounds, such as running water or splashes, as they actually consist of many drop-liquid collisions.
These clouds are formed from ice crystals, supercooled water droplets, or liquid water droplets.
These two processes produce water that is denser and colder ( or, more precisely, water that is still liquid at a lower temperature ).
These instruments are installed along the pipeline on some specific locations, such as injection or delivery stations, pump stations ( liquid pipelines ) or compressor stations ( gas pipelines ), and block valve stations.
These are traditionally classified as dry granulation and wet granulation, depending on whether a liquid is used to aid the agglomeration.
These methods involve the addition of a liquid and, usually, a polymeric binder to powdered starting materials, and a form of agitation to promote agglomeration followed by a drying process.
These are then made available through its fast-growing leaves ( up to 4-5 pounds per plant per cut ) which, lacking fibre, quickly break down to a thick black liquid.
These electrons are collected through the liquid metal column by the channel walls, and the positive ions are accelerated away from the liquid through a gap in the negative accelerator electrode by the same electric field that created them.
These are used much like a burette, in that the volume is found by calculating the difference of the liquid level before and after liquid is dispensed.
These names describe the direction of energy flow when changing from one phase to the next: from solid to liquid, and to gas.
These and crystal
These are grouped into sections according to the crystal system, and within each section compounds are arranged in the same order as in Groth's Chemische Krystallographie.
These are arranged according to crystal system.
These intermetallic alloys appear homogeneous in crystal structure, but tend to behave heterogeneous, becoming hard and somewhat brittle.
These are grouped into 7 crystal systems, such as cubic crystal system ( where the crystals may form cubes or rectangular boxes, such as halite shown at right ) or hexagonal crystal system ( where the crystals may form hexagons, such as ordinary water ice ).
These shape characteristics are not necessary for a crystal — a crystal is scientifically defined by its microscopic atomic arrangement, not its macroscopic shape — but the characteristic macroscopic shape is often present and easy to see.
These are next diffracted by a standardized salt crystal, with angular results read out as photographic lines by the exposure of an X-ray film fixed at the outside the vacuum tube at a known distance.
These weakly bound electrons can move about in the crystal lattice relatively freely and can facilitate conduction in the presence of an electric field.
These " cages " are unstable when empty, collapsing into conventional ice crystal structure, but they are stabilised by the inclusion of the gas molecule within them.
These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monoclinic.
* Genus cirrus ( Ci ): These are mostly fibrous wisps of delicate white cirriform ice crystal cloud that show up clearly against the blue sky.
These high density planes have an influence on the behavior of the crystal as follows:
These processes include the scattering of phonons by crystal defects, or the scattering from the surface of the crystal in case of high quality single crystal.
These include: casting, faceting, carving, jewellery, mosaics ( e. g. little slices of opal on potch, obsidian or another black stone and with a clear dome ( glass or crystal quartz ) on top.
These axes can be determined from the appearance of a crystal in a conoscopic interference pattern.
These strengths vary with the hardness of the snow, type of snow crystal, the number of bonds per unit volume, and the strength of contact interfaces between the layers.
These are serial photos out of a movie ; note differences in crystal locations.
These and other glass pieces probably represented cheaper versions of vessels of carved rock crystal ( clear quartz ), themselves influenced by earlier glass vessels, and there is some evidence that at this period glass and hardstone cutting were regarded as the same craft.
These include photonic crystals, photonic crystal fibers and metamaterials.
These and membrane
These are supported by small bundles of microtubules that arise near a point on the nuclear membrane.
These pores are about 120 nm in diameter and regulate the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, permitting some to pass through the membrane, but not others.
These processes involve the uptake of larger membrane areas than clathrin-mediated endocytosis and caveolae pathway.
These can be transferred onto a nitrocellulose or PVDF membrane to be probed with antibodies and corresponding markers, such as in a western blot.
These channels regulate membrane excitability, and halothane has been found to reduce neuronal firing by hyperpolarizing neurons by a current similar to TASK.
These channels are known mainly for their role in repolarizing the cell membrane following action potentials.
These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix.
These porins form channels that allow molecules 5000 Daltons or less in molecular weight to freely diffuse from one side of the membrane to the other.
These are not simple random folds but rather invaginations of the inner membrane, which can affect overall chemiosmotic function .< ref name = Mannella >
These include ion channels that permit electrically charged ions to flow across the membrane, and ion pumps that actively transport ions from one side of the membrane to the other.
These structures are large assemblies of macromolecules that carry out particular and specialized functions, but they lack membrane boundaries.
These ATP yields are theoretical maximum values ; in practice, some protons leak across the membrane, lowering the yield of ATP.
These structures can fill most of the interior of a cell, giving the membrane a very large surface area and therefore increasing the amount of light that the bacteria can absorb.
These electrons are shuttled through an electron transport chain, the so-called Z-scheme shown in the diagram, that initially functions to generate a chemiosmotic potential across the membrane.
These inserted membrane proteins can initiate environmental sensing and intracellular signaling pathways.
These complex membrane proteins are at the moment mostly understood using the same model of targeting that has been developed for secretory proteins.
These materials are absorbed into secretory granules within the Golgi apparatus before being transported to the cell membrane and secreted into the extracellular environment.
These are a pair of thick folds of mucous membrane that protect and sit slightly superior to the more delicate true folds.
These T3SS-injected proteins are called Yops ( Yersinia Outer Proteins ) and include Yop B / D, which form pores in the host cell membrane and have been linked to cytolysis.
These bursts of electricity increase the resting transmembrane potential ( TMP ), so that nanopores form in the plasma membrane.
These vesicles travel to the cell membrane via the cytoskeleton and release their contents outside the cell by the process of exocytosis, where it can then be transported to where it is needed.
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