These metals found little practical use until the introduction of crucible steel around 300 BC.

These metals were also used to strengthen each other, for more practical purposes.

These electronegative elements are strongly associated with metal-bearing minerals, where they have formed water-insoluble compounds with the metals in the ores.

These metals can form useful silicides when deposited onto silicon.

These compounds can be reduced using either calcium or lithium metals in the following reactions:

These metals form an extremely thin layer of oxidized metal on the surface.

These metals are used in applications where corrosion resistance is important.

These other metals and their alloys can be cold-worked, or melted in simple pottery kilns and cast in molds ; but smelted iron requires hot-working and can be melted only in specially designed furnaces.

These are all modern, and there was no noticeable exploitation of metals or minerals prior to the modern era.

These range from biomaterials, to ceramics, to metals, to textile reinforced materials.

These metals are therefore relatively volatile, and are avoided in ultra-high vacuum systems.

These new military applications coincided with a population explosion throughout Europe in the 11th-14th centuries which increased the demand for precious metals in order to fill a currency shortage.

These heavy elements are termed metals by astronomers and the portion of heavy elements is the metallicity.

These tombs, which date to the Early Dynastic IIIa period ( approximately in the 25th or 24th century BC ), contained immense amounts of luxury items made out of precious metals, and semi-precious stones all of which would have had to been imported from long distances ( Iran, Afghanistan, India, Asia Minor, the Persian Gulf ).

These processes use a welding power supply to create and maintain an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt metals at the welding point.

These include fluctuating configurations of defects in metals, fluctuating occupancies of traps in semiconductors, and fluctuating domain structures in magnetic materials.

These orbitals are known as Landau levels, and at weak magnetic fields, their existence gives rise to many interesting " quantum oscillations " such as the Shubnikov – de Haas oscillations and the de Haas – van Alphen effect ( which is often used to map the Fermi surface of metals ).

These include iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone.

These include iron ore ( magnetite or lodestone ), cobalt and nickel, as well as the rare earth metals gadolinium and dysprosium ( when at a very low temperature ).

These organic acids are much less reactive with metals than are strong mineral acids like hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) or mixtures of HCl and hydrofluoric acid ( HF ).

These stars converted the pristine hydrogen, helium, and lithium formed by the Big Bang into heavier elements, such as carbon, oxygen, and metals.

These elements have also been referred to as earth metals and as triels.

These metals are all quite malleable, and humans ' initial development of hammering techniques was undoubtedly applied to these metals.

These include such metals as zinc, magnesium, and cadmium.

These engineers must use the analysis of predominant wind direction to determine runway orientation, determine the size of runway border and safety areas, different wing tip to wing tip clearances for all gates and must designate the clear zones in the entire port.

These areas are suitable for wilderness designation, although there are presently no proposals to designate them as wilderness.

" There are, indeed, various names affirmed to designate the ante-Hellenic inhabitants of many parts of Greece — the Pelasgi, the Leleges, the Curetes, the Kaukones, the Aones, the Temmikes, the Hyantes, the Telchines, the Boeotian Thracians, the Teleboae, the Ephyri, the Phlegyae, & c. These are names belonging to legendary, not to historical Greece — extracted out of a variety of conflicting legends by the logographers and subsequent historians, who strung together out of them a supposed history of the past, at a time when the conditions of historical evidence were very little understood.

:: These generally designate fibers as:

These semantic rules may declare that certain expressions do not designate any value ; such expressions are said to have an undefined value, but they are well-formed expressions nonetheless.

These designate two distinct modes of social integration:

These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure, although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation.

When Peter II died, there were multiple candidates for the throne including Peter I ’ s first wife, Yevdokiya, and Peter I ’ s daughter, Elizabeth However, Alexis Dolgoruky and his allies chose Anna Ivanonva, the daughter of Peter I ’ s half brother Ivan, because the Supreme Privy Council wanted a ruler that would not impose on the powers of the Council, allowing them to continue to virtually rule the empire The Supreme Privy Council offered her the throne with “ Konditsii ” or Conditions These included the inability of the empress to marry, designate a successor, declare war or peace, raise taxes, or spend state revenue without the consent of the Council Many other nobles saw this as an aristocratic grab for power and told the would-be empress so as soon as she arrived in Moscow Ultimately, Anna invalidated the conditions, abolished the Council and sent many members who advocated the conditions into exile.

These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure, although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation.

These road signs are lane directional signs that designate right lanes for the M11

These are established codes for determining the seniority of officer and other ranks in NATO countries for a particular joint task group or command structure, although specific appointments designate a higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation.

These three main changes are: the maximum penalty is now a term of imprisonment instead of a fine ; the Secretary of State can designate " wildlife inspectors " who have a range of powers under the Act ; offences of disturbing certain birds and animals are extended so as to cover reckless as well as intentional acts.

These classificatory changes have had a lasting effect on the way singing teachers designate voices and the way in which opera house managements cast their productions.

These generate dense orange ( L38 ) or red ( L37 ) cloud ( produced by a mixture of PETN HE and coloured dye ) bursting in the air or on impact, and are used to designate targets e. g. for air strikes.

These " types " are actually the real chassis code used by the Japanese makers to designate the various grades of a lineup.

These narratives of coarse action and crude language appeared first in local newspapers, as a rule, and later found their way between book covers, though rarely into the planters' libraries beside the morocco-bound volumes of Horace, Mr. Addison, Mr. Pope, and Sir Walter Scott.

These microfossils indicate the swamp was `` formed during the Lower Cretaceous period when dinosaurs were at their heyday and when the first flowering plants were just appearing.

These are the poems Hardy wrote after the death of his first wife ; ;

These theoretical relationships are more clearly illustrated in Fig. 7 and their sum can be seen to correlate in form with practical measurements made with the Hesiometer as illustrated in the first portion of Fig. 5 for the cutting mechanism.

These two examples occurred when first, Meidias punched Demosthenes in the face in the theater ( Against Meidias ), and second when ( in Against Konon ) a defendant allegedly assaulted a man and crowed over the victim.

These three propositions were further developed by his followers, who maintained that God revealed Himself in a threefold revelation, the first in the Biblical patriarch Abraham, marking the epoch of the Father ; the second in Jesus Christ, who began the epoch of the Son ; and the third in Amalric and his disciples, who inaugurated the era of the Holy Ghost.

These are the first pure landscape studies known in Western art.

These were not to be fully revealed until Dr. Wilhelm Dorpfeld, who had become Schliemann's assistant in 1879, resumed the work at Hissarlik in 1892 after the first explorer's death.

These two product lines were the very first acrylic emulsion artists paints.

These securities, known as ADRs ( American Depositary Receipt ) or GDRs ( Global Depositary Receipt ) depending on where they are issued, are typically considered " foreign " and therefore trade at a lower value when first released.

These lectures are listed by date of delivery, with date of first publication given separately if different.

These Orkhon inscriptions are the first known texts in the Old Turkic language.

These guns ( some of which were of the three barrelled kind first seen at Elixheim the previous year ) enjoyed good arcs of fire, able to fully cover the approaches of the plateau of Jandrenouille over which the Allied infantry would have to pass.

These coaches in turn have their own disciples who have utilized Walsh's West Coast system such as Houston Texans head coach Gary Kubiak first a quarterback coach with the 49ers, then offensive coordinator for Shanahan at the Denver Broncos.

These tiny fragments turned up in a collection of Dead Sea Scrolls possessed by the Jordanian Government, and were first published by Milik in 1956.

These longer strips include The Bash Street Kids Adventures written and drawn by Kev F Sutherland which since 2004 have featured parodies of famous comic strip images, including Amazing Fantasy's first Spider-Man cover, Action Comics ' first Superman cover, and most recently the cover of X Men # 100.

These works, which included the famed Rosetta Stone, were the first important group of large sculptures to be acquired by the Museum.

These dogs naturally experience enormous growth surges in the first year or two of their lives.

These arguments, and a discussion of the distinctions between absolute and relative time, space, place and motion, appear in a Scholium at the very beginning of Newton's work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy ( 1687 ), which established the foundations of classical mechanics and introduced his law of universal gravitation, which yielded the first quantitatively adequate dynamical explanation of planetary motion.

These churches at first used and then revised the use of the Prayer Book, until they, like their parent, produced prayer books which took into account the developments in liturgical study and practice in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which come under the general heading of the Liturgical Movement.

These first settlements were abandoned after attacks by Spanish privateers, but English privateers often used the Cayman Islands as a base and in the 18th century they became an increasingly popular hideout for pirates, even after the end of legitimate privateering in 1713.

These factors led to the shift of the store of value being the metal itself: at first silver, then both silver and gold, at one point there was bronze as well.

These benefits had been legislated for the previous year by Churchill ’ s Family Allowances Act 1945, and was the first measure pushed through parliament by Attlee ’ s government.

These were some of the first reinforced concrete buildings, and their plans did not contain enough details ( such as how much reinforcing bar had been embedded in the concrete ) to be sure they were safe, so the engineers recommended demolition.