Timothy Palmer, who invented and later patented the arch type of construction for wooden bridges, was the genius who planned and supervised the building of the Essex, or `` Deer Island '' bridge although the actual work was carried out under the direction of William Coombs, who received $300 as recompense.

Dynamite was patented in the US and the UK and was used extensively in mining and the building of transport networks internationally.

Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like kieselguhr ( diatomaceous earth ) it became safer and more convenient to handle, and this mixture he patented in 1867 as ' dynamite '.

' Gelignite ', or blasting gelatin, as it was named, was patented in 1876 ; and was followed by a host of similar combinations, modified by the addition of potassium nitrate and various other substances.

In 1855 ferro-cement boat construction was patented by the French.

In the United States the first water caterpillar was patented in 1839 by William Leavenworth of New York.

Slavoljub Eduard Penkala invented a solid-ink fountain pen in 1907, a German inventor named Baum took out a ballpoint patent in 1910, and yet another ballpoint pen device was patented by Van Vechten Riesburg in 1916.

The Baudot code was created by Émile Baudot in 1870, patented in 1874, modified by Donald Murray in 1901, and standardized by CCITT as International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 ( ITA2 ) in 1930.

A method for producing Portland cement was patented by Joseph Aspdin on 1824.

English masonry worker Joseph Aspdin patented Portland cement in 1824 ; it was named because of its similarity in color to Portland limestone, quarried from the English Isle of Portland and used extensively in London architecture.

This was developed by James Parker in the 1780s, and finally patented in 1796.

In 1824, Joseph Aspdin patented a similar material, which he called Portland cement, because the render made from it was in color similar to the prestigious Portland stone.

Thomas Bell patented the technique of printing by copper rollers in 1783, and the first machine was set up by Livesey, Hargreaves & Co near Preston in 1785.

Dynamite was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Krümmel ( Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany ), and patented in 1867.

Until Joseph Bramah patented the beer engine in 1785, beer was served directly from the barrel and carried to the customer.

Although Brewster patented kaleidoscope in 1817 ( GB 4136 ), a copy of the prototype was shown to London opticians and copied before the patent was granted.

* 1943 -' 46: The Common-rail ( CRD ) system was invented ( and patented by ) Clessie Cummins

* 1962 -' 65: A diesel compression braking system, eventually to be manufactured by Jacobs ( of drill chuck fame ) and nicknamed the " Jake Brake ", was invented and patented by Clessie Cummins.

Ludwig-Musser, William F. Ludwig Senior and his brother Theodor Ludwig founded the Ludwig & Ludwig Co. in 1909 and patented the first workable bass drum pedal system, paving the way for what was to become the modern drum kit.

In 1901, Jokichi Takamine patented a purified adrenal extract, and called it " adrenalin ", which was trademarked by Parke, Davis & Co in the U. S. In the belief that Abel's extract was the same as Takamine's, a belief since disputed, epinepherine became the generic name in the U. S. The British Approved Name and European Pharmacopoeia term for this chemical is adrenaline and is indeed now one of the few differences between the INN and BAN systems of names.

Da Ponte would write his first opera libretto for Salieri, Il ricco d ' un giorno ( A Rich Man for a Day ) in 1784, it was not a success.

Among the most successful of his 37 operas staged during his lifetime were Armida ( 1771 ), La fiera di Venezia ( 1772 ), La scuola de ' gelosi ( 1778 ), Der Rauchfangkehrer ( 1781 ), Les Danaïdes ( 1784 ), which was first presented as a work of Gluck's, La grotta di Trofonio ( 1785 ), Tarare ( 1787 ) ( Tarare was reworked and revised several times as was Les Danaïdes ), Axur, re d ' Ormus ( 1788 ), La cifra ( 1789 ), Palmira, regina di Persia ( 1795 ), Il mondo alla rovescia ( 1795 ), Falstaff ( 1799 ), and Cesare in Farmacusa ( 1800 ).

From October 1784 to September 1786 he was employed by Nepean, who was in charge of the Secret Service relating to the Bourbon Powers, France and Spain, to spy on the French naval arsenals at Toulon and other ports.

From him it has descended continuously, through fifteen individuals, the title being increased to an Earldom in 1784 ; and in 1876 William Nevill 5th Earl ( b. 1826 ), ( d. 1915 ) an indefatigable and powerful supporter of the Tory Party, was created 1st Marquess of Abergavenny.

There was a recorded revolt against Russian workers in Amchitka in 1784.

The first known cable-stayed bridge was designed in 1784 by C. T.

The last of these also contained some oral material and by the end of the 18th century this was becoming increasingly common, with collections including John Ritson's, The Bishopric Garland ( 1784 ), which paralleled the work of figures like Robert Burns and Walter Scott in Scotland.

The museum ’ s first notable addition towards its collection of antiquities, since its foundation, was by Sir William Hamilton ( 1730 – 1803 ), British Ambassador to Naples, who sold his collection of Greek and Roman artefacts to the museum in 1784 together with a number of other antiquities and natural history specimens.

From 1763 to 1784 the island was administratively part of the colony of Nova Scotia and governed from Halifax.

Its first Lieutenant-Governor was Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres ( 1784 – 1787 ) and his successor was William Macarmick ( 1787 ).

An order forbidding the granting of land in Cape Breton, issued in 1763, was removed in 1784.

After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784.

In 1784, the two provinces were divided ; Nova Scotia was split into Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island ( rejoined to Nova Scotia in 1820 ), Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick, while Quebec was split into Lower Canada ( southern Quebec ) and Upper Canada ( southern through lower northern Ontario ).

The earliest record of somnambulistic clairvoyance is credited to the Marquis de Puységur, a follower of Mesmer, who in 1784 was treating a local dull-witted peasant named Victor Race.

Denis Diderot ( ; October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784 ) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer.

Diderot died of gastrointestinal problems in Paris on July 31, 1784, and was buried in the city's Église Saint-Roch.

David was the third of six children, two daughters and four sons: James ( 1777 – 1847 ), minister at Craig, Ferryden ; David ; David ; George ( 1784 – 1855 ), minister at Scoonie, Fife ; and Patrick ( 1788 – 1859 ), minister at the abbey church, Paisley.

Marie-Antoine Carême was born in 1784, five years before the onset of the Revolution.

Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings, his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor ( his uncle Joseph had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages ), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in Vienna to educate and prepare him for his future role.

He was well rid of her.

He certainly didn't want a wife who was fickle as Ann.

But all of this was rationalization.

The easiest thing would be to sell out to Al Budd and leave the country, but there was a stubborn streak in him that wouldn't allow it.

The best antidote for the bitterness and disappointment that poisoned him was hard work.

He found that if he was tired enough at night, he went to sleep simply because he was too exhausted to stay awake.

each day the hurt was a little duller, a little less poignant.

Because the summer was unusually dry and hot, the spring produced a smaller stream than in ordinary years.

The grass in the meadows came fast, now that the warm weather was here.

When they were closer and he saw that one was a woman, he was more puzzled than ever.

They were dirty, their clothes were torn, and the girl was so exhausted that she fell when she was still twenty feet from the front door.

Morgan hesitated, thinking that if this was a trick, it was a good one.

He didn't think it was possible for this couple to be pretending.

Her face was very thin, and burned by the sun until much of the skin was dead and peeling, the new skin under it red and angry.

Her blond hair was frowzy, her dress torn in several places, and her shoes were so completely worn out that they were practically no protection.

It must have hurt her even to walk, for the sole was completely off her left foot and Morgan saw that it was bruised and bleeding.

She was amazingly light, and so relaxed in his arms that he wasn't even sure she was conscious.

Any lingering suspicion that this was a trick Al Budd had thought up was dispelled.