Under Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons are again permitted to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary, promulgated by Pope John XXIII to satisfy their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day.

Under Pope Paul V ( reigned 1605 – 1621 ), a major conflict arose between Venice and the Papacy.

Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons.

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Under the skilled leadership of Pope Alexander III, the alliance suffered many defeats but ultimately was able to deny the emperor a complete victory in Italy.

Under Pope Pius V, the Pope who in 1570 established the Tridentine Mass, included the feast ( but without the adjective " Immaculate ") in the Tridentine Calendar, but suppressed the existing special Mass for the feast, directing that the Mass for the Nativity of Mary ( with the word " Nativity " replaced by " Conception ") be used instead.

Under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312.

Under the patronage of the Pope, Michelangelo experienced constant interruptions to his work on the tomb in order to accomplish numerous other tasks.

While works such as Susan Zuccotti's Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy ( 2000 ) and Michael Phayer's The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 – 1965 ( 2000 ) are critical of both Cornwell and Pius XII ; Ronald J. Rychlak's Hitler, the War and the Pope is critical as well but defends Pius XII in light of his access to most recent documents.

Under the influence of Charles of Anjou, he was elected Pope to succeed Innocent V on 12 July 1276 but died at Viterbo on 18 August 1276 from illness without ever having been ordained to the priesthood.

Under Pope Clement III and Pope Celestine III he was treasurer of the Roman Church, notably compiling the Liber Censuum, and served as acting Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1194 until 1198.

Under Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) he became bishop of Mondovi in Piedmont, but his opposition to that pontiff procured his dismissal from the palace and the abridgment of his authority as inquisitor.

Under Pope Benedict XIII ( 1724 – 30 ), the finances of the Papal States had been delivered into the hands of Cardinal Niccolò Coscia and other members of the curia, who had drained the financial resources of the see.

* July 21 – Under the pressure of the Bourbon courts, Pope Clement XIV suppresses the Society of Jesus ( brief Dominus ac Redemptor ).

Under pain of excommunication, no one was allowed to speak at that occasion, except when asked by the Pope.

Under a decree supposedly issued by Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, the Pope was granted secular authority over western Europe.

" Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ) he became Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and dean of the College of Cardinals, and on the death of Clement VII in 1534, was elected as Pope Paul III.

Under the direction of Pope Leo X, he was ambassador to England and then papal nuncio in Spain, where he conceived a violent detestation of Spanish rule that affected the policies of his later papacy.

Under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted of the chapel ceiling between 1508 and 1512.

Under the guidance of two village priests, Millet acquired a knowledge of Latin and modern authors, before being sent to Cherbourg in 1833 to study with a portrait painter named Paul Dumouchel.

Men at Work performed " Down Under " at the closing ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, alongside Paul Hogan of Crocodile Dundee fame.

Under Clement VIII he himself was made protonotary and nuncio to the French court ; Paul V also employed him in a similar capacity, afterwards raising him, in 1606, to Cardinal-Priest of S. Pietro in Montorio and appointing him the papal legate to Bologna.

Under Leopold I ( 1658 – 1705 ) the term again became Hofkanzler with Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher ( 1667-1683 ), and Theodor von Strattman ( 1683-1693 ).

: Examples include Hud starring Paul Newman ( 1963 ); Sam Peckinpah's The Getaway ( 1972 ) and Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia ( 1974 ); Simon Wincer's Quigley Down Under ; Robert Rodríguez's El Mariachi ( 1992 ); John Sayles ' Lone Star ( 1996 ); Tommy Lee Jones ' The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada ( 2005 ); Ang Lee's Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ); Wim Wenders ' Don't Come Knocking ( 2005 ); and the Coen brothers Academy Award – winning No Country For Old Men ( 2007 ).

Under Stynes ' direction, the new board sacked Paul McNamee after just four months.

Under the auspices of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, Daniel W. Dame purchased 500 acres, laid out the city of Lanark, and was elected its first mayor in 1861.

The tune nosed onto the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at # 114 in late June and was quickly forgotten until a few months later, when it was picked up by radio stations as a tribute to " the late " Paul McCartney.

Songs by these and other artists have been written about Fremantle ; the city is the setting for the title track of Paul Kelly's 1987 album Under the Sun, and The Waifs ' 2004 single " Bridal Train " follows a World War II-era war bride on a journey from Fremantle to the USA.

Under his supervision, Calley revived two long-running franchises, the Pink Panther and James Bond films, and touched on an aspect of UA's past by giving the widest release ever to a film with an NC-17 rating, Paul Verhoeven and Joe Eszterhas's controversial Showgirls.

Under the Weimar government of the 1920s, Germany emerged as a leading center of the avant-garde — the birthplace of Expressionism in painting and sculpture, of the atonal musical compositions of Arnold Schoenberg, and the jazz-influenced work of Paul Hindemith and Kurt Weill.

Under Harry Maloney's directive in the mid 1980's through to the early 1990's, Paul Ward acted as Technical Manager, Mandie Emmings Bookings / Studio Manager, Steve Groom house maintenance and gardens, and Gordon Bonnar ( formerly of the band ' Heavy Pettin ') inhouse recording engineer.

Under the supervision of chief executive of Coalition Provisional Authority L. Paul Bremer, a convention was held on May 24, 2003 to select the first City Council in the history of this oil-rich, ethnically divided city.

As the surviving superpower at the end of the Cold War, the U. S. could focus its assets in new directions, the future being " up for grabs " according to former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Paul Wolfowitz in 1991.

Under the direction of Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III as the Administrator, the Coalition Provisional Authority ( CPA ) began issuing radio and television licenses in June 2003 to meet the great demand for broadcasting licenses.

Under the command of Pierre de Troyes, Chevalier de Troyes, d ' Iberville his brothers Paul and Jacques led the Canadian woodsmen on a 1686 expedition to Hudson Bay.

Under Andersen's guidance, Fuller grew from a small St. Paul plant to an international Fortune 500 company.

Under Paul Gebhard ’ s leadership, the interview based research project continued, resulting in the publication of Pregnancy, Birth, and Abortion and Sex Offenders: An Analysis of Types.

Under her administration, the University built a sixth residential college, named in honor of alumna Meg Whitman, to accommodate an 11 percent expansion of the undergraduate student body ( an increase of some 500 students ), as recommended by a special committee of the Board of Trustees chaired by Paul M. Wythes.

Under the chairmanship of Paul Martin, the number increased again to 39, in the vicinity of which it has remained ; the Cabinet proper comprises 31 ministers, with another 7 members of the ministry who are not of the cabinet.

Under the nominally centre-left Australian Labor Party from 1983 to 1996, the Bob Hawke and Paul Keating governments pursued many economic policies associated with economic rationalism, such as floating the Australian Dollar in 1983, reductions in trade tariffs, taxation reforms, changing from centralised wage-fixing to enterprise bargaining, heavy restrictions on union activities including on strike action and pattern bargaining, the privatisation of government run services and enterprises such as Qantas and the Commonwealth Bank, and wholesale deregulation of the banking system.

Under Clement's successor, Pope Paul V, he was appointed titular archbishop of Rhodes, 14 May 1607, with a dispensation for being three months shy of the canonical age and not having yet received the sacred orders, in order to give him appropriate credentials as nuncio at the court of the Archdukes Albert and Isabella in the Habsburg Netherlands, ( 1 June 1607-24 October 1615 ).