According to the book Gender, Crime, and Punishment published by Yale University Press, " Under the Alford doctrine, a defendant does not admit guilt but admits that the state has sufficient evidence to find him or her guilty, should the case go to trial.

Under the doctrine of continuing revelation, Latter-day Saints believe that Jesus Christ, under the direction of Heavenly Father, leads the church by revealing His will to its president, whom adherents regard as a modern-day " prophet, seer, and revelator ".

Under the LDS Church's doctrine of continuing revelation, Latter-day Saints believe literally in the principle of revelation from God to his children.

Under the doctrine introduced by the 2003 Defense Policy Guidelines, Germany continues to give priority to the transatlantic partnership with the United States through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Under Calixte the majority of Garde personnel had adhered to the doctrine of political nonintervention that their Marine Corps trainers had stressed.

Under the city's protection, they were able to form their own reformed church under John Knox and William Whittingham and eventually carried Calvin's ideas on doctrine and polity back to England and Scotland.

Under the doctrine of stare decisis, a lower court must honor findings of law made by a higher court that is within the appeals path of cases the court hears.

Under the doctrine of stare decisis a case is important only for what it decides — for the " what ," not for the " why ," and not for the " how.

Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed.

Under the new and current doctrine, a state court may only exert personal jurisdiction over an individual or entity with " sufficient minimal contacts " with the forum state such that the particular suit " does not offend ' traditional notions of fair play and justice.

Under the AK Party government, Turkey's influence has grown in the Middle East based on the strategic depth doctrine, also called Neo-Ottomanism.

Under the equal footing doctrine, however, Texas was found not to have control over the three-mile belt after admission into the Union, because the original states did not at the time of joining the union control such waters.

" While the headnote is not part of the Court's opinion and thus not precedent, two years later, in Pembina Consolidated Silver Mining Co. v. Pennsylvania, the Court clearly affirmed the doctrine, holding, " Under the designation of ' person ' there is no doubt that a private corporation is included the Fourteenth Amendment.

She was misinterpreted by many as claiming the doctrine as a direct origin of the phrase and the connection gained currency in 1982, when the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights issued a report on wife abuse, titled " Under the Rule of Thumb.

Under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, federal trial courts are prohibited from considering matters already resolved in a state court civil action that is in the nature of an appeal, even on an issue of federal law.

Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the ability of judges to exercise discretion is an aspect of judicial independence.

Under the influence of this doctrine, and of Phenomenology, the Hungarian-born German sociologist Karl Mannheim ( 1893 – 1947 ) gave impetus to the growth of the sociology of knowledge with his Ideologie und Utopie ( 1929, translated and extended in 1936 as Ideology and Utopia ), although the term had been introduced five years earlier by the co-founder of the movement, the German philosopher, phenomenologist and social theorist Max Scheler ( 1874 – 1928 ), in Versuche zu einer Soziologie des Wissens ( 1924, Attempts at a Sociology of Knowledge ).

Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make law ( that is, in a plenary fashion, which is the responsibility of the legislature ) or enforce law ( which is the responsibility of the executive ), but rather interprets law and applies it to the facts of each case.

Under Valdés ' influence he wholeheartedly accepted Luther's doctrine of justification by faith, though he repudiated a policy of schism.

Under modern military doctrine battalion groups are being replaced by battlegroups.

Under the influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's doctrine of a return to nature, this book was at first intended to be a short narrative of the collapse of the life of a young artist.

Under the Adam – God doctrine, Adam had a number of roles.

Under the forty-year rule of the Imam Nur al-Din Muhammad, the doctrine of Imamate was further developed and, consistent with the tradition of Shi ' i Islam, the figure of the Imam was accorded greater importance.

Under this doctrine, services, facilities and public accommodations were allowed to be separated by race, on the condition that the quality of each group's public facilities was to remain equal.

Under § 1332 ( d ) ( 2 ) the federal district courts have original jurisdiction over any civil action where the amount in controversy exceeds $ 5, 000, 000 and

Under the " independent tribunal " requirement, the Court has ruled that military judges in Turkish state security courts are incompatible with Article 6.

Under contemporary Israeli law, however, certain areas of Israeli family and personal status law are under the authority of the rabbinic courts and are therefore treated according to Halakha.

Under the U. S. legal system, courts are set up in a hierarchy.

Under international law, a serving head of state has sovereign immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of other countries, though not from that of international tribunals.

Under territorial jurisdiction, in rem jurisdiction could be exercised by the courts of a state by seizing the property in question.

Under American federalism, the interpretation of a state supreme court on a matter of state law is normally final and binding and must be accepted in both state and federal courts.

Under such a system, intermediate appellate courts are entrusted with deciding the vast majority of appeals.

Under this provision, the Congress may create inferior courts under both Article III, Section 1, and Article I, Section 8.

Under section 46 of the Code of Civil Procedure, all judicial courts and judges in Quebec are vested with "... all the powers necessary for the exercise of their jurisdiction ".

* July 21 – Under the pressure of the Bourbon courts, Pope Clement XIV suppresses the Society of Jesus ( brief Dominus ac Redemptor ).

Under these procedures, state courts can issue opinions, usually for the purpose of clarifying or updating state law, in cases not actually pending in those courts.

Under the 1963 Act, most equitable concepts were codified and made statutory rights, thereby ending the discretionary role of the courts to grant equitable reliefs.

Under the Clayton Act, only civil suits could be brought to the court's attention and a provision " permits a suit in the federal courts for three times the actual damages caused by anything forbidden in the antitrust laws ", including court costs and attorney's fees.

Under section 9 ( a ) of the NLRA, federal courts have held that wildcat strikes are illegal, and that workers must formally request that the National Labor Relations Board end their association with their labor union if they feel that the union is not sufficiently supportive of them before they can legally go on strike.

Under the 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution, federal courts are generally prohibited from exercising jurisdiction in civil lawsuits for money damages between a state government and a private party.

Under Warren the courts became an active partner in governing the nation, although still not coequal.

Under the flourishing Mughal empire, Persian became very influential as the language of prestige of the Islamic courts.

Under the early courts, when military conscription had been centrally controlled, military affairs had been taken out of the hands of the provincial aristocracy.

Under the FTC Act, the federal courts retain their traditional authority to issue equitable relief, including the appointment of receivers, monitors, the imposition of asset freezes to guard against the spoliation of funds, immediate access to business premises to preserve evidence, and other relief including financial disclosures and expedited discovery.

Under the United States Sentencing Guidelines for federal courts, " If the victim's wrongful conduct contributed significantly to provoking the offense behavior, the court may reduce the sentence below the guideline range to reflect the nature and circumstances of the offense.

Under these, Europeans in Iran had enjoyed the privilege of being subject to their own consular courts rather than to the Iranian judiciary.