Until Moscow resumed nuclear testing last September 1, the US and UK had released more than twice as much radiation into the atmosphere as the Russians, and the fallout from the earlier blasts is still coming down.

* Marc Crandall ( Until January 1, 2012 )

Until 1947, the East Wing of Pakistan, separated from the West Wing by 1, 600 km of Indian territory, had been heavily dependent on Hindu management.

Until then, as indicated in point # 1 of the " Laconia Order ", it was common for U-boats to assist torpedoed survivors with food, water, simple medical care for the wounded, and a compass bearing to the nearest landmass ; it was extremely rare for survivors to be brought on board as space on a U-boat was barely enough for its own crew.

Until recently an open dialing plan was used but as of April 1, 2012 Moldova has implemented a closed dialing plan on all of its territory.

Until 1751 in England and Wales ( and all British dominions ) the new year started on 25 March – Lady Day, one of the four quarter days ( the change to 1 January took place in 1600 in Scotland ).

Until June 1, 2012, no pitcher in Mets history had thrown a no-hitter, and the franchise's hurlers had gone 8, 019 games without pitching one — longer than any other Major League franchise.

Until 1989, Netherlands Public Broadcasting was the only television network in the Netherlands, with three stations, Nederland 1, Nederland 2 and Nederland 3.

Until further information is derived from the bidding, assume that a typical opening hand by partner contains 7 losers, e. g., has 7 losers ( 1 + 2 + 2 + 2

Until 2010, the final location of Lunokhod 1 was uncertain by a few kilometers.

In the early 1970s Jones had a number of hit singles, including " She's a Lady ", " Till ", and " The Young New Mexican Puppeteer ", but in the mid 1970s his popularity declined although he did have a big hit in 1976 with " Say You'll Stay Until Tomorrow " which went to No. 1 on the US country chart and No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Until March 1, 2003, the Service was part of the United States Department of the Treasury.

Until the formal opening of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom on 1 October 2009, life peers created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act were known as " Lords of Appeal in Ordinary " or in common parlance " Law Lords ".

Until the late 1970s, microcomputers had primarily been sold in specialty computer stores at a cost of more than $ 1, 000 USD.

Until 1960, the meter was defined by a platinum-iridium prototype bar with two scratch marks on it ( that were, by definition, spaced apart by one meter ), the International Prototype Metre, and in 1983 the meter was redefined to be the distance in free space covered by light in 1 / 299, 792, 458 of a second ( thus defining the speed of light to be 299, 792, 458 meters per second ).

Until regulations changed on November 1, 2010, New Jersey was unique in its requirement that schools conduct two fire drills per month.

Until it became a part of Leudal on 1 January 2007 Haelen was a separate municipality, including the villages of Buggenum, Horn, and Nunhem.

Until it became a part of Leudal on 1 January 2007, Heythuysen was a separate municipality, including the villages of Baexem, Grathem and Kelpen-Oler.

Until it became a part of Leudal on 1 January 2007, Hunsel was a separate municipality, covering also the villages of Ell, Haler, Ittervoort and Neeritter

Until 1 January 2007, Swalmen was a separate municipality, covering the villages Swalmen, Asselt and Boukoul.

Until 1 January 2005, Angerlo was an independent municipality, with a population of about 5000.

Until 1 January 2005, Lichtenvoorde was an independent municipality.

Until January 1, 2006, Amerongen was a separate municipality, which covered the village of Amerongen itself, Overberg, and the western part of the village of Elst.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the population stayed relatively stable at some 1, 500 persons.

Until January 1, 2007, Galten municipality was a municipality ( Danish, kommune ) in Aarhus County in the eastern part of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.

Until October 924 the eastern part of Lorraine was left in Henry's possession.

Until 1987, most trading occurred via the telephone, but during the October 1987 stock market crash, market makers often didn't answer their phones.

Primarily, he was concerned about the identity of the leading tenor: " Until I know for sure, I cannot compose duets, finales and trios ", he writes in October.

Until her appointment as a shadow minister in October 2010, Abbott appeared alongside former Conservative politician and media personality Michael Portillo on the BBC's weekly politics digest This Week.

Until the campaign's end in October, Chamberlain denounced opponents of the Radical Programme and endorsed the cause of rural labourers and offered to make smallholdings available to workers by funds from local authorities, using the slogan Three Acres and a Cow.

Until October 2010 the Stake of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the city was the Kanesville Utah Stake.

Until October 2007, individual traffic from the mainland to the island of Rügen was mainly route along the two-lane Rügendamm causeway, running between Stralsund and Altefähr over the sound of Strelasund.

Until 17 October 2011, the Commercial Public Service Broadcasters had the opportunity to apply to Ofcom to provide an additional HD service from between 28 November 2011 and 1 April 2012.

Until the re-appointment to the cabinet of Lord Mandelson on 3 October 2008, the former Leader of the Lords, Lady Amos, was the last peer to sit in any other Cabinet post, as Secretary of State for International Development from May to October 2003.

Until October 17, 1854, when a royal decree confirmed Banco Español-Filipino's by-laws, the notes were in limited circulation and were usually used for bank transactions.

Until October he was in Orvieto, where he painted his fresco of the Madonna and Child in the Cathedral.

Until October 2009, Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry was honored by one of Alabama's two statues in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection.

Until the constitution was replaced in 1851, elections were held in October, and winners took office in December.

Until October 31, 2011, the airport served as a focus city for Allegiant Air.

Until October 1, 2009 Mesaba Airlines ran ground services for Delta Connection.

Until October 2005 ( shortly after acquisition by Vodafone ), it was known as Connex, after which it was rebranded Connex-Vodafone and in April 2006, the Connex name was dropped, the operator being simply known as Vodafone Romania, aligning itself with the global Vodafone brand.

** Until 31 October 1924 — consecutive number from ' 1 '

Until 2010, Air Nippon operated the wholly owned subsidiary airline Air Nippon Network operating feeder services ; however, on October 1, 2010, Air Nippon Network was merged into ANA Wings.

Until the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 came into force in October 2009, this right of appeal was to the House of Lords ( or sometimes to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ).

Until October 1, 1932 when Toshima ward was established, the area was an independent municipality of Ikebukuro-mura ( 池袋村 ).

Until about 1967, in September or October, there were " organized " hunts for the chicks of the Cory's Shearwaters for their oil and meat.

Until 1 October 2011, the watershed closed at 05: 30 for the premium channels just like it still does for the free-to-air channels.