Until 8 January 2010, the Director of the Royal Institution was Baroness ( Susan ) Greenfield, but following a review, the position was abolished for being " no longer affordable ".

Until 1994, the group had the position of a national monopoly for production and distribution, but this was abolished when Sweden joined the European Union in 1995.

Until slavery was abolished, musicians in these groups were members of the slave class ( andevo ) directed by a Hova ( free Merina ).

Until 1979, when the Canal Zone as a solely United States territory was abolished under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaties, the town of Balboa was the administrative center of the Canal Zone ( and remained so until mid-day of December 31, 1999, by which time, according to the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, the Panama Canal and all its assets, territories, etc., would be fully turned over to Panama and the Panamanian government, to be run however the Panamanian government fit and deems fit ).

Until 1969, 48 were from territorial constituencies and 4 were for graduates of The Queen's University of Belfast ; in that year the QUB seats were abolished and four extra territorial constituencies created on the outskirts of Belfast where the population had grown.

Until 1891, it was the lower house in a bicameral legislature when its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished.

Until August 1997, the government which the Taliban had ousted, which remained in rebellion until the end of the Taliban in 2001, had a Prime Minister in the government, but the position was abolished.

Until 1946, when the Legislative Reorganization Act abolished both the House and Senate Committees on Indian Affairs, the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs had been in existence since the early 19th century.

Until recently there were also ' temporary sheriffs ' who were appointed by the executive year by year and only sat for particular days by invitation ; this class of sheriff was abolished as being inconsistent with judicial independence following the decision of the High Court of Justiciary in Starrs v Ruxton.

Until divisions were abolished as part of local government reforms in 2000 it was part of Peshawar Division.

Until, in the end, the limit law, after having proved destructive to many people, was from mere necessity abolished.

Until this rank was abolished with the ascension of King Muyeol in 654, only those holding sacred bone rank were permitted to assume the throne.

Until the Shire of Tingalpa was abolished in 1949, Mount Cotton hosted its council chambers.

Until abolished in 1993, the Rural City of Bellarine council seat was in Drysdale.

Until local government reorganisation in the 1970s, it was defined as consisting of Taunton borough, Wellington Urban District, Wiveliscombe Urban District ( until that was abolished ) and the Dulverton, Taunton and Wellington rural districts.

Until divisions were abolished in the year 2000, Sargodha was the divisional headquarters of Sargodha Division.

Until it was abolished for the 2010 general election, it elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election.

Until Scottish counties were abolished, for most purposes, in 1975, the constituency represented the county of Argyll, except that constituency boundaries may not have coincided at all times with county boundaries, and any parliamentary burgh within the county would have been outside the constituency.

It is also the name of a ward of the County Borough of Wrexham Until 1974 the valley was part of the traditional county of Denbighshire ; then it became part of the short-lived county of Clwyd, which was abolished in 1996.

Until 1969, Zell was the district seat of the now abolished district of the same name.

Until the formal opening of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom on 1 October 2009, life peers created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act were known as " Lords of Appeal in Ordinary " or in common parlance " Law Lords ".

Until 2009, 12 Lords of Appeal in Ordinary sat in the House as the highest court in the land.

Until 1954 only a three-year course was provided ; thereafter fourth-year pupils were presented for appropriate examinations and, after 1962, for the S. C. E Ordinary Grade examinations, with opportunity for the S. C. E Higher Grade examinations to be studied at one of the Grammar Schools or Senior Secondary Schools.

Until 1964, boys at Horsham lived in all-through houses from 2nd Form to Grecians ( with the exception of Prep A and Prep B ).

Until the 1960s and 1970s, " matriculation ", often shortened to " matric ", was used ( as in other Commonwealth countries ) to refer to the successful completion of Form 6 ( Year 12 ), the extra year of high school after the ' Leaving ' year, which was the last year which had a completion certificate.

Until 2007 UCCF continued to serve both the HE and FE sectors of tertiary education, but in that year a new organisation called FESTIVE-FE & Sixth Form Initiative came into being, leaving UCCF free to concentrate on HE.

Until 2005 the abbey was leased to the Ministry of Defence and occupied by the Army Sixth Form College, while the descendants of the last Duke of Portland occupied a secondary house in the park called Welbeck Woodhouse, which was built for the 7th duke in the early 1930s when he was Marquis of Titchfield.

Until the end of the war he was Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Berlin, and was also Military Commissioner with the allied armies, being wounded at the Battle of Kulm.

Until this hunter-killer operation can be performed by spacecraft, manned aircraft appear to be the only means available to us.

Until such work is done, there must remain the nagging suspicion that alienation may be little more than an expression of the malaise of the intellectual, who, rejected by and in turn rejecting the larger society, projects his own fear and despair onto the broader social screen.

Until the Cuban fiasco and the Communist military victories in Laos, almost any observer would have said that President Kennedy had blended a program that respected, generally, the opinions voiced both by Mr. Nixon and the professors.

Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began so see increases in winter visitors.

Until the dissolution of Holy Roman Empire and mediatization of smaller imperial fiefs by Napoleon, the evangelical Abbess of Quedlinburg was also per officio the head of that reichsunmittelbar state.

Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.

Until the Ford era cars had been produced by hand coachbuilding craft methods, such as the English wheel.

" Until this time IP address registration in the ARIN region was done by a department within the Network Solutions corporation, which provided the initial staff and computer infrastructure for ARIN.

Until 1928 it was directed by a General Manager, after this time instead by a Governor elected by an internal commission of managers, with a decree from the President of the Italian Republic for a term of 7 years.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks in Britain were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation.

Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes, were regarded as just theoretical curiosities ; but the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.

Until that time, software was bundled with the hardware by Original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) such as Data General, Digital Equipment and IBM.

Until the mid-19th century, when the river was tamed by dams, levees, and other controls, the Nile in the vicinity of Cairo was highly susceptible to changes in course and surface level.

Until the two World Wars, in most European countries the political class was formed by conservative liberals, from Germany to Italy.

Until the formation of a national council in 1961, supporters and local groups had no formal voice in the national organisation, which until then had been led by the self-appointed executive committee.

Until recently, however, Chagas disease was considered a contraindication for the procedure, since the heart damage could recur as the parasite was expected to seize the opportunity provided by the immunosuppression that follows surgery.

Until recently, catapults were used by thrill-seekers to experience being catapulted through the air.

Until the 21st century most used cathode ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.

Until the mid 1990s the tariff was decided by the FINA diving committee, and divers could only select from the range of dives in the published tariff table.

The label agreed to let Parton sing country music after her composition, " Put It Off Until Tomorrow ," as recorded by Bill Phillips ( and with Parton, uncredited, on harmony ), went to number six on the country music charts in 1966.

Until the 19th century, the most common theory among scientists was still the concept of scala naturae, proposed by Aristotle.

Until recently, the Convention was also overseen by a European Commission on Human Rights.