Until 1945, however, the labour movement remained weak, impeded by lack of legal rights, anti-union legislation, management-organized factory councils, and political divisions between “ cooperative ” and radical unionists.

Until the late 1990s, most of Inner Mongolia's prefectural regions were known as Leagues (), a usage retained from Mongol divisions of the Qing Dynasty.

Until 2005, this one-mile race track featured bi-annual NASCAR-sanctioned events in the Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series divisions.

Until well into the nineteenth century, knowledge was considered by Europeans to have two main divisions: the humanities ( including theology ), and studies of nature.

Until the mid-20th century the primary cause of the divisions between the various communities was competition for rights and resources, rather than any dislike of each other, but in more recent times there has been a rise in violence and antagonism that has coincided with a promotion of Hindu politics.

Until the arrival of the corps headquarters, the two German divisions were nominally under Italian tactical control.

Until then, each of the three main airline divisions had its own two-letter, IATA airline identification code, BA for Overseas, BE for European and BZ for Regional.

Until 2008, judges in the Family and Chancery divisions of the courts wore the same black silk gown and court coat or bar jacket as QCs, as did judges in the Court of Appeal.

Until 2005, Kerr-McGee had two major divisions: chemical and oil-related.

Until the end of the war, the British believed they faced two Ottoman divisions south of Achi Baba.

Until the late 1940s, glider units were also included within Airborne divisions, hence the parachute and glider on the cap.

Until mid-March, due to Trưởng's highly effective leadership, the North Vietnamese had only tried to cut the highways, despite having five divisions and 27 further regiments far outnumbering Trưởng's men.

Until 2005, all of the county's electoral divisions elected a single member, but following a boundary review in 2004 three divisions ( Salisbury South, Salisbury East, and Trowbridge East ) elected two members each.

Until the winter of 1941 / 42 supporting troops organic to these divisions consisted of a motorised artillery regiment ( of one heavy and two light battalions ), and one each reconnaissance, motorcycle, anti-tank, pioneer, field replacement, and communications battalions.

Until divisions were abolished in the year 2000, Sargodha was the divisional headquarters of Sargodha Division.

Until the 1970s, IFK Mariehamn played primarily in the Finnish football divisions 3 and 4.

Until 1945, however, the labour movement remained weak, impeded by lack of legal rights, anti-union legislation, management-organized factory councils, and political divisions between “ cooperative ” and radical unionists.

Until the advent of rational empiricism the controlling habits of the western mind were symbolic and allegoric.

Until the Charter of Liberties was issued in the fall of 1958, there were no guarantees of the right to assemble or to organize for political purposes.

Until that first dedication service, he and Lois felt their children were too young to take part in any religious life at home.

Until then, foreign-language films were honored with the Special Achievement Award.

Until May 2009, the only successful published attacks against the full AES were side-channel attacks on some specific implementations.

Until the mid-20th century, anchors for smaller vessels were either scaled-down versions of admiralty anchors, or simple grapnels.

Until the advent of the NICAM and MTS systems, television sound transmissions were invariably monophonic.

Until the end of the 18th Century, bridges were made out of timber, stone and masonry.

Until the mid 19th century most boats were of all natural materials ; primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used.

Until the 19th century the majority of battles were of short duration, many lasting a part of a day.

Until the advent of artillery and aircraft, battles were fought with the two sides within sight, if not reach, of each other.

Until 1928 all notes were " White Notes ", printed in black and with a blank reverse.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks in Britain were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation.

Until May 2009, the morning business updates on BBC Breakfast and on the BBC News Channel were broadcast from one of the London Stock Exchange's studios in central London.

Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes, were regarded as just theoretical curiosities ; but the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until June 2007, plague was one of the three epidemic diseases specifically reportable to the World Health Organization ( the two other ones were cholera and yellow fever ).

Until 2003 the Lower Houses were restricted to upper year students but with the double cohort of graduates from Ontario schools many of the rooms were transformed into doubles and now hold first years.

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.

Until abolished ( in the Ordinary Form but not in the Extraordinary Form ) by Pope Paul VI's apostolic letter Ministeria quædam of 15 August 1972, the subdiaconate was the lowest of the major orders of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church.

Until 8 January 2010, the Director of the Royal Institution was Baroness ( Susan ) Greenfield, but following a review, the position was abolished for being " no longer affordable ".

Until 1994, the group had the position of a national monopoly for production and distribution, but this was abolished when Sweden joined the European Union in 1995.

Until slavery was abolished, musicians in these groups were members of the slave class ( andevo ) directed by a Hova ( free Merina ).

Until 1979, when the Canal Zone as a solely United States territory was abolished under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaties, the town of Balboa was the administrative center of the Canal Zone ( and remained so until mid-day of December 31, 1999, by which time, according to the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, the Panama Canal and all its assets, territories, etc., would be fully turned over to Panama and the Panamanian government, to be run however the Panamanian government fit and deems fit ).

Until 1969, 48 were from territorial constituencies and 4 were for graduates of The Queen's University of Belfast ; in that year the QUB seats were abolished and four extra territorial constituencies created on the outskirts of Belfast where the population had grown.

Until 1891, it was the lower house in a bicameral legislature when its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished.

Until August 1997, the government which the Taliban had ousted, which remained in rebellion until the end of the Taliban in 2001, had a Prime Minister in the government, but the position was abolished.

Until 1946, when the Legislative Reorganization Act abolished both the House and Senate Committees on Indian Affairs, the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs had been in existence since the early 19th century.

Until recently there were also ' temporary sheriffs ' who were appointed by the executive year by year and only sat for particular days by invitation ; this class of sheriff was abolished as being inconsistent with judicial independence following the decision of the High Court of Justiciary in Starrs v Ruxton.

Until, in the end, the limit law, after having proved destructive to many people, was from mere necessity abolished.

Until this rank was abolished with the ascension of King Muyeol in 654, only those holding sacred bone rank were permitted to assume the throne.

Until the Shire of Tingalpa was abolished in 1949, Mount Cotton hosted its council chambers.

Until abolished in 1993, the Rural City of Bellarine council seat was in Drysdale.

Until local government reorganisation in the 1970s, it was defined as consisting of Taunton borough, Wellington Urban District, Wiveliscombe Urban District ( until that was abolished ) and the Dulverton, Taunton and Wellington rural districts.

Until it was abolished for the 2010 general election, it elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election.

Until Scottish counties were abolished, for most purposes, in 1975, the constituency represented the county of Argyll, except that constituency boundaries may not have coincided at all times with county boundaries, and any parliamentary burgh within the county would have been outside the constituency.

It is also the name of a ward of the County Borough of Wrexham Until 1974 the valley was part of the traditional county of Denbighshire ; then it became part of the short-lived county of Clwyd, which was abolished in 1996.

Until 1969, Zell was the district seat of the now abolished district of the same name.