When paper became generally available, from the 14th century onwards, artists ' drawings, both preparatory studies and finished works, became increasingly common.

The argument that school vouchers increases quality and efficiencies in schools forced to compete is supported by studies such as " When Schools Compete: The Effects of Vouchers on Florida Public School Achievement " ( Manhattan Institute for Policy Research's, 2003 ), which concluded that public schools located near private schools that were eligible to accept voucher students made significantly more improvements than did similar schools not located near eligible private schools.

For instance, in two studies by the American Mosaic Project, racial inequality in the United States was framed as either “ Black Disadvantage ” or “ White Privilege .” When the term “ black disadvantage ” was used to describe racial inequality, white participants felt less collectively responsible for the harm done to the out-group, which lessened collective guilt.

When all 133 studies deemed suitable in light of this consideration were re-analyzed, providing data for over 6, 000 patients, the findings suggest an average improvement in 27 % of untreated patients over the term of the studies compared with a 74 % success rate among those receiving hypnotherapy.

When researchers look for an organism to use in their studies, they look for several traits.

When his uncle Kemal Reis died in 1511 ( his ship was wrecked by a storm in the Mediterranean Sea, while he was heading to Egypt ), Piri returned to Gelibolu, where he started working on his studies about navigation.

When anthropologists David J. Daegling and Daniel O. Schmitt examined the film, they concluded it was impossible to conclusively determine if the subject in the film is nonhuman, and additionally argued that flaws in the studies by Krantz and others invalidated their claims.

When RA is clinically suspected, immunological studies are required, such as testing for the presence of rheumatoid factor ( RF, a non-specific antibody ).

When Campi moved to another city, Anguissola continued her studies with painter Bernardino Gatti ( known as Il Sojaro ).

When experimental studies are impossible and only pre-existing data are available, as is usually the case for example in economics, regression analysis can be used.

When tested against liver and colon cancer cells in laboratory studies, ' Western Yellow ', pungent yellow ( New York Bold ) and shallots were most effective in inhibiting their growth.

When his older brother Ezekiel's studies required Webster's support, the young man resigned from the law office and worked as a schoolteacher — as young men often did then, when public education consisted largely of subsidies to local schoolmasters.

When thyroid disease runs in the family, the physician should be particularly wary ; studies of twins suggest genetic factors account for 79 % of the liability to the development of Graves ’ disease ( whereas environmental factors presumably account for the remainder ).

When he was not promoted to the varsity football team in his sophomore year, Rose was dejected and lost interest in his studies.

When the case studies were shown to be fictional, subjects ' belief in a link diminished, but around half of the original effect remained.

When the gemstones are in a rough state, the gemologist studies the external structure ; the host rock and mineral association ; and natural and polished colour.

When studying the whole molluscan animal is included as well as studying the shell, then the study is known as malacology ; a person who studies mollusks is known as a malacologist.

When studies indicated the proposed jetport would create of raw sewage a day and of jet engine pollutants a year, the project met staunch opposition.

When studies showed that car traffic helped businesses, the city had the five-block pedestrian mall broken up.

When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him a cash reward for succeeding in his studies.

When a low, near-circular orbit around a body with substantial gravity ( as is required for many scientific studies ) is needed, the total required velocity changes can be on the order of several kilometers per second.

When Winston departed for Ireland the following year, John enrolled at the Dublin Free School ; but by 1664, following his father's recall to the position of Junior Clerk Comptroller of the King's Household at Whitehall, John had transferred his studies to St Paul's School in London.

When his sister died, he gave up that position and returned to Constantinople to resume his studies.

When they were closer and he saw that one was a woman, he was more puzzled than ever.

When they were finally satisfied, Jones said, `` I think he's going to give us work ''.

When they were ready to leave, Benson and Ramey walked back around the rear of the trailer.

When they reached the school, a gang of boys and girls were already there playing `` crack the whip '' in front of the schoolhouse.

When these had been pocketed, we could still spend a morning cracking open other pebbles for our delight in seeing how much prettier they were inside than their dull exteriors indicated.

When he discovered they had received from the Company's Court of Directors no permission to live in India, coupled with the fact that they were Americans who had been sent to Asia to convert `` the heathen '', he became more belligerent than ever.

When Prudence and Blackberry were too young to be trusted in the dining room, they were tied to the radiator with their leashes, and they would cry.

When they were first written, there was evidently no thought of their being published, and those which refer to the writer's love for Mrs. Meynell particularly have the ring of truth.

When their levies came shambling into camp, they were all elbows, hair, and beard.

When, in March, 1640, the two towns were united under Coddington, Gorton claimed the union was irregular and illegally constituted and that it had never been sanctioned by the majority of freeholders.

When the negotiations began, his quarrel with the king of France was temporarily in abeyance, and he had no intention of reviving it so long as there was hope that French money would come to pay the troops who, under Charles of Valois, the papal vicar of Tuscany, were so valuable in the crusade against the Colonna cardinals and their Sicilian allies.

When these chores were finished, only then, was she allowed whatever freedom she could find.

When Sir Edward Greville enclosed the town commons on the Bancroft, Quiney and others leveled his hedges on January 21, 1600/1, and were charged with riot by Sir Edward.

When it was over, eight of his company were still alive and all eight were wounded.

When the stock exchange opened this morning, many dealers were quick to purchase shares in Douglas, Lockheed and United Aircraft and prices rose substantially.

When the end did come, and the schools were disbanded and abandoned, we felt and hoped that the machinery of psychological warfare would not be allowed to rust.

When we got there, Trig and the Negro were quarreling over possession of a gold crucifix around the neck of a wounded Filipino.

When it was proposed to rebuild the church, Wilson found that the terms for a new mortgage were very high.

When something unexpected happened, one always asked for water if one were a woman, brandy if one were a man.

When Papa's slender fingers removed the spectacles, there were red indentations on the bridge of the strong nose.

When the telephone rang on the day after Hino went down to the village, Rector had a hunch it would be Hino with some morsel of information too important to wait until his return, for there were few telephones in the village and the phone in Rector's office rarely rang unless it was important.

When values of temperature derived with this instrument were compared with the accepted values associated with liquid helium-4 vapor pressures, differences of about 10 and 7 millidegrees respectively were found.